648 lines
54 KiB
JSON
648 lines
54 KiB
JSON
[
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 0,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "Summary",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 1,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that can contribute to DDR processes in mission and non-mission settings. As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on the UN Approach to DDR, mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Non-mission settings are those where no peace operation is deployed, either through a peacekeeping operation, political missions or good offices engagements.When DDR is implemented in mission settings with a UN peacekeeping operation, the primary role of the military component should be to provide a secure environment and to observe, monitor and report on security-related issues. This role may include the provision of security to DDR programmes and to DDR-related tools, including pre-DDR. In addition to providing security, military components in mission settings may also provide technical support to disarmament, transitional weapons and ammunition management, and the establishment and maintenance of transitional security arrangements (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament, IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management, and IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR).To ensure the successful employment of a military component within a mission setting, DDR tasks must be included in endorsed mission operational requirements, include a gender perspective and be specifically mandated and properly resourced. Without the requisite planning and coordination, military logistical capacity cannot be guaranteed.UN military contingents are often absent from special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. In SPMs, UN military personnel will more often consist of military observers (MILOBs) and military advisers.1 These personnel may be able to provide technical advice on a range of security issues in support of DDR processes. They may also be required to build relationships with non-UN military forces mandated to support DDR processes, including national armed forces and regionally- led peace support operations.In non-mission settings, UN or regionally-led peace operations with military components are absent. Instead, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 1,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "1. Module scope and objectives",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 1,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The objective of this module is to outline possible military contributions to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, special political missions (SPMs) and non-mission settings. Although the guidance in this module is based on the experience of UN military components, it is designed for all military personnel who contribute to DDR processes, irrespective of whether these personnel are affiliated to the UN, regional organizations, joint military teams or national armed forces. The guidance is also designed for civilian DDR practitioners who are interested in the ways that military personnel may be able to support their work. The module discusses the factors to be considered when employing military capacity in support of DDR. Routine military tasks that are carried out according to national security policies and strategies are beyond the scope of this module.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 2,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 2,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should,\u2019 \u2018may,\u2019 \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: \\n a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; \\n d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; \\n e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 3,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "3. Introduction",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 2,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military personnel possess a wide range of skills and capacities that may contribute to DDR processes in the context of UN peacekeeping operations, SPMs, and non-mission settings. In peacekeeping operations, military components may be made up of formed contingents/units, MILOBs, and staff officers (see section 4). In contrast, in SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be mandated to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. In these various types of settings, the role of the military will differ depending on the specific mandate and the resources available.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 4,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 2,
|
|
"Paragraph": "IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to military roles and responsibilities.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 5,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.1 Voluntary",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 3,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Integrated DDR shall not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. DDR is a voluntary process, and practitioners shall therefore seek legal advice if confronted with combatants who surrender or are captured during overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. In contexts where DDR is linked to Security Sector Reform, the integration of vetted former members of armed groups into national armed forces, the police or other uniformed services as part of a DDR process shall be voluntary (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR).",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 6,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.2 People-centred",
|
|
"Heading3": "4.2.1 Criteria for participation/eligibility",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 3,
|
|
"Paragraph": "When DDR and SSR processes are linked, former members of armed groups shall only be recruited into the reformed security sector if they are thoroughly vetted and meet the designated recruitment criteria. Former members of armed groups shall not be integrated into the national armed forces merely because of their status as a member of an armed group. Children shall not be recruited into the national armed forces and effective age assessment procedures must be in place (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR). Former members of armed groups who have been involved in the commission of war crimes or human rights violations shall not be eligible for recruitment into the national armed forces, including when DDR processes are linked to SSR.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 7,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.2 People-centred",
|
|
"Heading3": "4.2.2 Unconditional release and protection of children",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 3,
|
|
"Paragraph": "In missions that hold a specific Child Protection/Children and Armed Conflict mandate, child protection is a specified mandated task for the military component. The child protection mandates for missions can include: support to DDR processes, including the effective identification and demobilisation of children, taking into account the specific concerns of girls and boys; a requirement to monitor and report on the Six Grave Violations against children, namely, recruitment and use of children, killing and maiming, sexual violence against children, abduction, attacks on schools and hospitals and denial of humanitarian access; and/or a requirement for the mission to work closely with the government or armed groups to adopt and implement measures to protect children including Action Plans to end and prevent grave violations.. The tasks of the military component, in close coordination with mission child protection advisors, therefore include, but are not limited to: providing physical protection for children; gathering and sharing information through the military chain of command and child protection advisors on the Six Grave Violations; supporting the separation of children from armed forces and groups, including their handover to civilian child protection actors; and providing security for Child Protection Advisers or civil society actors when they visit the military barracks of armed forces/armed groups. Child protection shall be integrated into all military work, including when UN civilian and military personnel undertake mentoring and advisory activities and build the capacity of State armed forces in conflict affected countries.The military component shall ensure that gender-responsive child protection is understood by all members of the force and those persons working with military personnel through in-mission induction briefings and ongoing training on child protection. Child protection shall also be mainstreamed into daily operations and, in particular, into protection activities. Commanders, staff and associated personnel at all levels should ensure that threats to and from children and their vulnerabilities are identified, and that plans and orders are developed to provide effective protection on the ground, working in concert with mission child protection advisers, other protection partners and local communities. These plans should include a gender perspective in order to recognise the different threats to, and protection concerns of, girls and boys.A military child protection focal point network shall be implemented at the operational and tactical levels to ensure that child protection concerns are considered at all stages of the planning process and in operational activities. The military component shall appoint a military child protection focal point at mission headquarters as well as child protection focal points within Battalion/Company Headquarters.Child protection and child rights shall be included not only in military training but in standard operating procedures as well as in military guidance as appropriate. Force commanders and tactical level commanders, in consultation with mission child protection actors, shall issue specific guidance on child protection in the format of a Force Directive on Child Protection and tactical level SOPs. Specific SOPs and/or protocols shall be developed on the handover to civilian child protection actors of children captured in operations, those who surrender to the peacekeeping force, or those released en masse. Specific gender-responsive guidelines shall also be developed for the battalion on child protection concerns for girls and boys, including detention, conduct during interaction with children, and prevention of all forms of exploitation against children, including child labour, sexual exploitation and abuse, and protection of civilians. Whenever orders are written, or an activity planned, military staff should always consider the impact on girls and boys and their protection, and always consult mission child protection advisers. All SOPs and guidelines shall include a gender perspective in order for practitioners to develop fully gender-responsive plans that meet the differing needs of girls and boys. For further guidance, refer to the UN\u2019s Military Specialised Training Materials on Child Protection.2",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 8,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.2 People-centred",
|
|
"Heading3": "4.2.3 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 4,
|
|
"Paragraph": "UN military personnel should be impartial. Furthermore, any form of support by United Nations military personnel or UN entities to non-UN security forces must be provided in full compliance with the UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support to Non-UN Security Forces.3 This policy requires an assessment of the risk that recipients of UN support will commit grave violations of international humanitarian, human rights or refugee law. If a level of risk is identified, mitigating measures shall be put in place. It is the responsibility of every UN entity providing support to undertake such a risk assessment. As defined in the HRDDP, \u201csupport\u201d encompasses a range of potential activities, from training, mentoring and advisory services to joint operations conducted by UN and non-UN security forces. Risk assessments shall be undertaken prior to the delivery of support to recipients.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 9,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.3 Gender responsive and inclusive",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 5,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Since the adoption in 2000 of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security, there have been numerous resolutions and calls for more women in peacekeeping. Under the 2018 Action for Peace (A4P) initiative, Member States commit themselves to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of the peace process by systematically integrating a gender perspective into all stages of analysis, planning, implementation and reporting. They further commit to increase the number of civilian and uniformed women in peacekeeping at all levels and in key positions. The Uniformed Gender Parity Strategy 2018\u20142028 calls for 15 % female representation in the contingent unit and 25% in individual positions.The meaningful participation of women as peacekeepers, MILOBs, and staff officers has a number of benefits to the DDR process. Female military personnel can access populations and venues that are closed to men. They can search women when necessary and can help to make peacekeeping forces more approachable to local communities, particularly to women and girls who may have suffered acts of sexual violence. Lastly, female military personnel are role models in the communities in which they serve and in their respective countries. For these reasons, the planning phase of any operation must include a gender perspective, and the gender composition of incoming forces should reflect the community it is mandated to protect.UNSCR 1325 stipulates that all peacekeeping personnel shall receive training on \u201cthe protection, rights and the particular needs of women, as well as on the importance of involving women in all peacekeeping and peacebuilding measures\u201d. All incoming forces shall also receive training on gender and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, particularly the UN\u2019s Zero Tolerance Policy.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 10,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.4 Context specific",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 5,
|
|
"Paragraph": "There is no one-size-fits-all military policy and, as a result, there can be no standardized approach to determining military support to a particular DDR process.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 11,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.5 Well planned",
|
|
"Heading3": "4.5.1 Safety and security ",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 5,
|
|
"Paragraph": "In a mission context with a peacekeeping operation, the provision of security around disarmament and demobilization sites will typically be undertaken by the military component. However, all matters related to law and order shall be undertaken by the UN police component (see IDDRS 4.50 on UN Police Roles and Responsibilities).",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 12,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
|
|
"Heading2": "4.5 Well planned",
|
|
"Heading3": "4.5.2 Transition and exit strategies",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 5,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The withdrawal of international peacekeeping forces shall be a carefully planned exercise, drawing on consultations with all relevant stakeholders, including concerned Governments and the humanitarian, development, peace and political arms of the UN system present in mission contexts. The pace of this withdrawal shall be based, among other factors, on the ability of State security institutions to take over the maintenance of security and public order, as well as of other actors to take over certain services previously provided by the peacekeeping force.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 13,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 6,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Most UN peacekeeping operations, particularly those with a DDR mandate, rely on contingent troops and MILOBS that are collectively referred to as the peacekeeping force. The primary function of the military component is to provide security and to observe and report on security-related issues. Military contingents vary in their capabilities, structures, policies and procedures. Each peacekeeping operation has a military component specifically designed to fulfil the mandate and operational requirement of the mission.Early and comprehensive DDR planning will ensure that appropriately trained and equipped units are available to support DDR. As military resources and assets for peace operations are limited, and often provided for multiple purposes, it is important to identify specific DDR tasks that are to be carried out by the military at an early stage in the mission-planning process. These tasks will be different from the generic tasks usually captured in Statement of Unit Requirements. If any specific DDR-related tasks are identified during the planning phase, they must be specified in the Statement of Unit Requirements of the concerned unit(s).",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 14,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.1 Composition",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 6,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The military component can be made up of: \\n Formed units or contingents: These can include motorized, mechanized and light infantry units, aviation units, engineering units, and various support units, some of which can provide logistics support, including specialists in explosives and weapons destruction. Normally the support element of the force, usually called the Enabler, is designed primarily for the needs of the overall mission. The chief of mission support controls the tasking of logistics support, aviation, engineering and mobile medical/field hospital units. \\n Military observers: MILOBs are officers normally provided by Member States for 12 months who operate in small teams of between two and six. Where possible, MILOBs are incorporated into the force command structure. MILOBs typically operate unarmed. \\n Staff officers: Individual military officers serve in staff posts, both within the force headquarters and in various specialized positions where some are integrated with the civilian staff. Some staff officers are deployed on individual assignments, while others are part of broader military contingents. \\n\\n Table 1 below shows the various structures and ranks within a military component. It should be taken as a broad guide only, as each contingent may vary.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 15,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.2 Command and control",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 7,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The peacekeeping force is commanded by a force commander. It is important to distinguish between operational military tasks in support of DDR processes, which are directed by the military chain of command in close coordination with the DDR component of the mission, and engagement in the DDR planning and policymaking process, which is often politically sensitive. Any military personnel involved in the latter, although remaining under military command and control, will operate under the overall guidance of the chief of the DDR component, senior mission leadership, and the Joint Operations Centre (JOC). For support and logistics tasks, the peacekeeping force will operate under the guidance of the Chief of Mission Support/Director of Mission Support (CMS/DMS).",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 16,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 7,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Specialized military capacities such as communications, aviation, engineering, medical and logistics support are often in short supply, and hence may be used only when uniquely able to fulfil the task at hand. Where civilian sources can meet an approved operational requirement and the military component of a mission is fully engaged with other tasks, civilian resources should be used. If mandated, resourced and appropriately equipped, the military should be able to contribute to DDR in the ways described below. Furthermore, if the mandate and the concept of operations specify military support to a DDR process, then this should be factored into the force structure when the concept of operations is drawn up.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 17,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "5.3.1 Security ",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 8,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The primary contribution of the military component to a DDR process is to provide security for DDR staff, partners, infrastructure and beneficiaries. Security is essential to ensure former combatants\u2019 confidence in DDR, and to ensure the security of other elements of a mission and the civilian population.If tasked and resourced, a military component may contribute to the creation and maintenance of a stable, secure environment in which DDR can take place. This may include the provision of security to areas in which DDR programmes and DDR-related tools (including pre-DDR and community violence reduction) are being implemented. Military components may also provide security to DDR and child protection practitioners, and to those participating in DDR processes, including children and dependants. This may include the provision of security to routes that participants will use to enter DDR and/or the provision of military escorts. Security is provided primarily by armed UN troops, but could be supplemented by the State\u2019s defence security forces and/or any other security provider.Finally, military components may also secure the collection, transportation and storage of weapons and ammunition handed in as part of a DDR process. They may also monitor and report on security-related issues, including incidents of sexual and gender-based violence. Experience has shown that unarmed MILOBs do not provide security, although in some situations they can assist by contributing to early warning, wider information gathering and information distribution.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 18,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "5.3.2 Disarmament",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 8,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military components may possess ammunition and weapons expertise useful for the disarmament phase of a DDR programme. Disarmament typically involves the collection, documentation (registration), identification, storage, and disposal (including destruction) of conventional arms and ammunition (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). Depending on the methods agreed in peace agreements and plans for future national security forces, weapons and ammunition will either be destroyed or safely and securely managed. Military components can therefore assist in performing the following disarmament-related tasks, which should include a gender-perspective in their planning and execution: \\n Monitoring the separation of forces. \\n Monitoring troop withdrawal from agreed-upon areas. \\n Manning reception centres. \\n Undertaking identification and physical checks of weapons. \\n Collection, registration and identification of weapons, ammunition and explosives. \\n Registration of male and female ex-combatants and associated groups.Not all military units possess the requisite capabilities to support the disarmament component of a DDR programme. Early and comprehensive planning should identify whether this is a requirement, and units/capabilities should be generated accordingly. For example, the collection of unused landmines may constitute a component of disarmament and requires military explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) units. The destruction and disposal of ammunition and explosives is also a highly specialized process and shall only be conducted by specially trained EOD military personnel in coordination with the DDR component of the mission. When the military is receiving weapons, it is important that both male and female soldiers participate in the process, particularly if it is necessary to search former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 19,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "5.3.3 Transitional weapons and ammunition management",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 9,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military components may also assist with transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) as part of pre-DDR, as part of community violence reduction, or as part of DDR support to transitional security arrangements. The precise roles and responsibilities to be played by military components in each of these scenarios should be outlined in a set of standard operating procedures for transitional WAM (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 20,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "5.3.4 Information gathering and reporting",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 9,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The DDR component of the mission should coordinate and manage information gathering and reporting tasks, with supplementary information provided by the Joint Operations Centre (JOC) and Joint Mission Analysis Centre (JMAC). The military component can seek information on the following: \\n The locations, sex- and age-disaggregated troop strengths, and intentions of former combatants or associated groups, who may or will become part of a DDR process. \\n Estimates of the number/type of weapons and ammunition expected to be collected/stored during a DDR process, including those held by women and children. As accurate estimates may be difficult to achieve, planning for disarmament and broader transitional WAM must include some flexibility. \\n Sex- and age-disaggregated estimates of non-combatants associated with the armed forces, including women, children, and elderly or wounded/disabled people. Their roles and responsibilities should also be identified, particularly if human trafficking, slavery, and/or sexual and gender-based violence is suspected. \\n Information from UN system organizations, NGOs, and women\u2019s and youth groups. \\n\\n The information-gathering process can be a specific task of the military component, but it can also be a by-product of its normal operations, e.g., information gathered by patrols and the activities of MILOBs. Previous experience has shown that the leaders of armed groups often withhold or distort information related to DDR, particularly when communicating with the rank and file. Military components can be used to detect whether this is happening and can assist in dealing with this challenge as part of the public information and sensitization campaigns associated with DDR (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).The military component can assist dedicated mission DDR staff by monitoring and reporting on progress. This work must be managed by the DDR staff in conjunction with the JOC.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 21,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "5.3.5 Information dissemination and sensitization",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 10,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military components are typically widely spread across the conflict-affected country/region and can therefore assist by distributing information on DDR to potential participants and beneficiaries. Any information campaign should be planned and monitored by the DDR component and wider mission public information staff (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR). MILOBs and the infantry battalion can assist in the dissemination of public information and in sensitization campaigns.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 22,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.3 Military component contribution",
|
|
"Heading3": "5.3.6 Logistics support",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 10,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military components may conduct a wide range of logistical tasks ranging from transportation to the construction of static disarmament and demobilization sites (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Logistics support provided by a military component must be coordinated with units that provide integrated services support to a mission. Where the military is specifically tasked with providing certain kinds of support, additional military capability may be required by the military component for the duration of the task. A less ideal solution would be to reprioritize or reschedule the activities of military elements carrying out other mandated tasks. This approach can have the disadvantage of degrading wider efforts to provide a secure environment, perhaps even at the expense of the security of the population at large.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 23,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.4 Pre-deployment planning",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 10,
|
|
"Paragraph": "During pre-deployment planning, assessment and advisory visits (AAVs) are conducted to facilitate planning and decision-making processes at the UN Headquarters (UNHQ) level and to improve understanding of the preparedness of Member States wishing to contribute to UN peacekeeping operations. For new and emerging Troop Contributing Countries (TCCs), an AAV provides advice on specific UN operational and performance requirements. If DDR is required, TCCs can be provided with advice on the preparation of DDR activities during AAVs. A lead role should be played by the Integrated Training Service, who should include information on the preparation and implementation of DDR, including through a gender-perspective, within the pre-deployment training package. AAVs also support those Member States that are contributing a new capability in UN peace operations with guidance on specific UN requirements and assist them in meeting those requirements. Finally, preparedness for DDR is a responsibility of TCCs with UNHQ guidance. During pre-deployment visits, preparedness for DDR can be evaluated/assessed.For the military component, DDR planning is not very different from planning related to other military tasks in UN peace operations. Clear guidance is necessary on the scope of the military\u2019s involvement.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 24,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.5 Contingency planning",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 11,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Contingency planning for military contributions to DDR processes will typically be carried out by military staff at UNHQ in collaboration with the Force Headquarters of the Mission. Ideally, once it appears likely that a mission will be established, individuals can be identified in Member States to fill specialist DDR military staff officer posts in a DDR component in mission headquarters. These specialists could be called upon to assist at UNHQ if required, ahead of the main deployment.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 25,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.6 Joint assessment mission",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 11,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military staff officers, either from UNHQ or, ideally, individuals specifically allocated as DDR staff for peace operations, will participate, when required and available, in joint assessment missions to assist in determining the military operational requirement specifically needed to support DDR. These officers can advise on technical issues that will be relevant to the particular DDR process and should possess gender expertise.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 26,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.7 Mission concept of operations",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 11,
|
|
"Paragraph": "A mission concept of operations is drawn up as part of an integrated activity at UNHQ. As part of this process, a detailed operational requirement will be developed for military capability to meet the proposed tasks in the concept. This will include military capability to support UN DDR. The overall military requirement is the responsibility of the Military Adviser, however, this individual is not responsible for the overall DDR plan. There must be close consultation among all components involved in DDR throughout the planning process.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 27,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.8 Mission plan",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 11,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Ideally, detailed mission plans will be drawn up by individuals who will fill planning and management positions in the proposed new mission. If this is not possible, initial plans will be drawn up by UNHQ staff, then reviewed and adjusted by mission staff as DDR progresses. Mission plans and concepts of operations will also need to be reviewed, should the Security Council not approve all identified and proposed operational requirements. In addition, as DDR processes should be owned by Governments or transitional Governments, mission plans should be flexible and allow for adjustments.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 28,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.9 Force generation ",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 11,
|
|
"Paragraph": "The UN\u2019s Force Generation Service is responsible for interaction with Member States to acquire the military capabilities identified in the operational requirement. Contributions are negotiated on a case- by-case basis. Member States will not start formal negotiations until the Security Council has mandated a mission. For complex missions, i.e., most missions involving DDR, the UN has a target of having troops completely deployed within 90 days.If the military operational requirement specifically identified to support DDR is likely to be concentrated on support to disarmament, transitional WAM, and demobilization, it may be possible to reduce the size of the force once these aspects have been completed, if the security situation allows. In other words, it may be possible to design a force structure that has an element that will be required only for these specific activities.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 29,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "5. The military component in mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "5.10 DDR component staffing",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 12,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military capacity used in a DDR process is planned in detail and carried out by the military component of the mission within the limits of its capabilities. Military staff officers could fill posts in a DDR component as follows: \\n Mil SO1 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Lieutenant Colonel); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 military liaison (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 disarmament and weapons control (Major); \\n Mil SO2 DDR \u2013 gender and protection issues (Major). \\n\\n The posts will be designed to meet the specific requirements of the mission.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 30,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "6. Special political missions and non-mission settings",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 12,
|
|
"Paragraph": "In SPMs, MILOBs and military advisers may be deployed in the absence of formed military contingents. Depending on the particular context, the roles and responsibilities of military personnel in these settings may include the provision of technical advice on disarmament and transitional WAM (see section 5.3.3); and the building of bilateral relationships with non-UN military forces including national armies and regional peace support operations. Importantly, DDR practitioners shall ensure that all UN engagement with non-UN security forces be undertaken in accordance with the United Nations Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on UN Support to Non-UN Security Forces.In non-mission settings, national and international military personnel can be invited to support DDR processes either as part of national armed forces or as part of joint military teams formed through bilateral military cooperation. The roles and responsibilities of these military personnel may be similar to those played by UN military personnel in mission settings.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 31,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "7. DDR and security sector reform",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 12,
|
|
"Paragraph": "DDR may be closely linked to security sector reform (SSR) in a peace agreement. This agreement may stipulate that vetted former members of armed forces and groups are to be integrated into the national armed forces, police, gendarmerie or other uniformed services. In some DDR-SSR processes, the reform of the security sector may also lead to the discharge of members of the armed forces for reintegration into civilian life. Dependant on the DDR-SSR agreement in place, these individuals can be given the option of benefiting from reintegration support.The modalities of integration into the security sector can be outlined in technical agreements and/or in protocols on defence and security. National legislation regulating the security sector may also need to be adjusted through the passage of laws and decrees in line with the peace agreement. At a minimum, the institutional and legal framework for SSR shall provide: \\n An agreement on the number of former members of armed groups for integration into the security sector; \\n Clear vetting criteria, in particular a process shall be in place to ensure that individuals who have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, terrorist offences or human rights violations are not eligible for integration; in addition, due diligence measures shall be taken to ensure that children are not recruited into the military; \\n A clear framework to establish a policy and ensure implementation of appropriate training on relevant legal and regulatory instruments applicable to the security sector, including a code of conduct; \\n A clear and transparent policy for rank harmonization.DDR planning and management should be closely linked to SSR planning and management. Although international engagement with SSR is often provided through bilateral cooperation agreements, between the State carrying out SSR and the State(s) providing support, UN entities may provide SSR support upon request of the parties concerned, including by participating in reviews that lead to the rightsizing of the security sector in conflict-affected countries. Military personnel supporting DDR processes may also engage with external actors in order to contribute to coherent and interconnected DDR and SSR efforts, and may provide tactical, strategic and operational advice on the reform of the armed forces.For further information on vetting and the integration of armed forces and groups in the security sector, see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 32,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "8. DDR training requirements for military personnel",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 13,
|
|
"Paragraph": "Military components and personnel must be adequately trained. In General Assembly Resolution A/RES/49/37 (1995), Member States recognized their responsibility for the training of uniformed personnel for UN peacekeeping operations and requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant training materials and establish a range of measures to assist Member States. In 2007, the Integrated Training Service was created as the centre responsible for peacekeeping training. The Peacekeeping Resource Hub was also launched in order to disseminate peacekeeping guidance and training materials to Member States, peacekeeping training institutes and other partners. A number of trainings institutions, including peacekeeping training centers, offer annual DDR training courses for both civilian and military personnel. DDR practitioners should plan and budget for the participation of civilian and military personnel in DDR training courses.",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"ID": 33,
|
|
"Color": "#7366A3",
|
|
"Level": 4,
|
|
"LevelName": "Operations, Programmes and Support",
|
|
"Title": "UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"Heading1": "Annex A: Abbreviations",
|
|
"Heading2": "",
|
|
"Heading3": "",
|
|
"Heading4": "",
|
|
"Module": "4.40 UN Military Roles and Responsibilities",
|
|
"PageNum": 14,
|
|
"Paragraph": "\\n 1 Good offices engagements may vary and will not necessarily include MILOBS or military advisers. \\n 2 See http://dag.un.org/handle/11176/400883 \\n 3 See https://elearning.un.org/CONT/GEN/CS/UNHR_V3/Module_01/story_content/external_files/4.11_HRDDP%20Guidance%20Note% 202015.pdf",
|
|
"Can": 0,
|
|
"Should": 0,
|
|
"May": 0,
|
|
"Must": 0,
|
|
"Shall": 0
|
|
}
|
|
] |