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IDDRS_API/static/data/1/IDDRS-1.20-Glossary.json
louai98 cd8d7b0e2c admin created
2023-07-07 12:46:00 +02:00

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[
{
"ID": 0,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Absorption capacity",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The ability of a community, economy and/or country to include ex-combatants as active full members of the society. Absorption capacity is often used in relation to the capacities of local communities, but can also refer to social and political reintegration opportunities.",
"Can": 0,
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"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 1,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) committee of the General Assembly.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 2,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "AIDS",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: the stage of HIV when the immune system is depleted, leaving the body vulnerable to one or more life-threateningdiseases.",
"Can": 0,
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{
"ID": 3,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Ammunition",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "See \u2018munition\u2019.",
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{
"ID": 4,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Anti-retrovirals (ARVs)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "Broad term for the main type of treatment for HIV and AIDS. ARVs are not a cure.",
"Can": 0,
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{
"ID": 5,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Arms control",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The imposition of restrictions on the production, exchange and spread of weapons by an authority vested with legitimate powers to enforce such restrictions.",
"Can": 0,
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"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 6,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Arms exports ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The sending of weapons, guns and ammunition from one country to another, often closely monitored and controlled by governments.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 7,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Armed forces",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The military organization of a State with a legal basis, and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.)",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 8,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Armed group",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "A group that has the potential to employ arms in the use of force to achieve political, ideological or economic objectives; is not within the formal military structures of a State, State-alliance or intergovernmental organization; and is not under the control of the State(s) in which it operates.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 9,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Asylum",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The protection granted by a State on its territory to persons from another state who are fleeing serious danger or persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. A person who is granted asylum is a refugee. Asylum includes a variety of elements, including non-refoulement (for definition, see \u2018non-refoulement\u2019), permission to remain in the territory of the asylum country and humane standards of treatment.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 10,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Asylum seeker",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "A person whose request or application for refugee status has not been finally decided on by a prospective country of refuge.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 11,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Behaviour-change communication (BCC)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "A participatory, community-level process aimed at developing positive behaviours; promoting and sustaining individual, community and societal behaviour change; and maintaining appropriate behaviours.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 12,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Beneficiary/ies",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "Refers to both individuals and groups who receive indirect benefits through a UN-supported DDR operation or programme. This includes communities in which DDR programme participants resettle, businesses where ex-combatants work as part of the DDR programme, etc.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 13,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Border controls",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "The existence of checks and regulations between countries that control access to and from the country of people, goods and services.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 14,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Broker",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "The natural person or legal entity that carries out a brokering activity; anyone who directly performs an activity defined as a brokering activity in the exercise of their own commercial or legal relations. The acts of natural persons, especially employees, are to be ascribed to the legal entity.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 15,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Brokering",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "Activities that serve to facilitate the transfer of arms between persons in different third countries, insofar as such transfer is furthered through the assistance of a so-called broker. Core brokering activities include:\\nacquisition of SALW located in one third country for the purpose of transfer to another third country;\\nmediation between sellers and buyers of SALW to facilitate the trans\u00adfer of these arms from one third country to another; \\nthe indication of an opportunity for such a transaction to the seller or buyer (in particular, the introduction of a seller or buyer in return for a fee or other consideration).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 16,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Business development services (BDS)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "A set of \u2018business services\u2019 that include any services that improve the performance of a business and its access to and ability to compete in markets.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 17,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Buy-back",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "The direct link between the surrender of weapons, ammunition, mines and explosives in return for cash. There is a perception that such schemes reward irresponsible armed personnel who may have already harmed society and the innocent civilian population. They also provide the opportunity for an individual to conduct low-level trading in SALW. ",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 18,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Capacity",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "The strength and ability, which could include knowledge, skill, personnel and resources, to achieve desired objectives.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 19,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Capacity-building",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "Used as a noun, refers to processes and programmes that empower and enable the recipients\u2019 independent development. Can also be used as an adjective (e.g., capacity-building activity).",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 20,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Ceasefire agreement",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "A binding, non-aggression pact to enable dialogue between conflicting parties.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 21,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Child",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "Any human below the age of 18, unless under the law applicable to the child in a particular country, majority is attained earlier.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 22,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Child associated with fighting forces/armed conflict/armed groups/armed forces",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 3,
"Paragraph": "The definition commonly applied to children associated with armed forces andGroups in prevention, demobilization and reintegration programmes derives from the Cape Town Principles and Best Practices (1997), in which the term \u2018child soldier\u2019 refers to: \u201cAny person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including, but not limited to: cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.\u201d\\nIn his February 2000 report to the UN Security Council, the SecretaryGeneral defined a child soldier \u201cas any person under the age 18 years of age who forms part of an armed force in any capacity and those accompanying such groups, other than purely as family members, as well as girls recruited for sexual purposes and forced marriage\u201d. The CRC specifies that a child is every human below the age of 18.\\nThe term \u2018children associated with armed forces and groups\u2019, although more cumbersome, is now used to avoid the perception that the only children of concern are combatant boys. It points out that children eligible for release and reintegration programmes are both those associated with armed forces and groups and those who fled armed forces and groups (often considered as deserters and therefore requiring support and protection), children who were abducted, those forcibly married and those in detention.\\nAccess to demobilization does not depend on a child\u2019s level of involvement in armed forces and groups. No distinction is made between combatants and non-combatants for fear of unfair treatment, oversight or exclusion (mainly of girls). Nevertheless, the child\u2019s personal history and activities in the armed conflict can help decide on the kind of support he/she needs in the reintegration phase.",
"Can": 0,
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{
"ID": 23,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Child demobilization, release, exit from an armed force or Group",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 3,
"Paragraph": "The term \u2018demobilization\u2019 refers to ending a child\u2019s association with armed forces or groups. The terms \u2018release\u2019 or \u2018exit from an armed force or group\u2019 and \u2018children coming or exiting from armed forces and groups\u2019 rather than \u2018demobilized children\u2019 are preferred.\\nChild demobilization/release is very brief and involves removing a child from a military or armed group as swiftly as possible. This action may require official documentation (e.g., issuing a demobilization card or official registration in a database for ex-combatants) to confirm that the child has no military status, although formal documentation must be used carefully so that it does not stigmatize an already-vulnerable child.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 24,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Child reintegration",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 3,
"Paragraph": "According to article 39 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, \u201cStates parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d.\\nReintegration includes family reunification, mobilizing and enabling the child\u2019s existing care system, medical screening and health care, schooling and/or vocational training, psychosocial support, and social and community-based reintegration. Reintegration programmes need to be sustainable and to take into account children\u2019s aspirations.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 25,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Civil society",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "The three-sector model, which looks at the State as consisting of the government, the market and the citizenry, is a useful starting point to define civil society. In this perspective, civil society constitutes the third sector, existing alongside and interacting with the State and profit-seeking firms. Civil society emerges as a voluntary sector made up of freely and formally associating individuals pursuing non-profit purposes in social movements, religious bodies, women and youth groups, indigenous peoples\u2019 organizations, professional associations, unions, etc",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 26,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Civil society organization (CSO)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "Non-State organization composed of voluntary participants.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 27,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Combatant",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "Based on an analogy with the definition set out in the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War in relation to persons engaged in international armed conflicts, a combatant is a person who:\\nis a member of a national army or an irregular military organization; or \\nis actively participating in military activities and hostilities; or\\nis involved in recruiting or training military personnel; or \\nholds a command or decision-making position within a national army or an armed organization; or \\narrived in a host country carrying arms or in military uniform or as part of a military structure; or \\nhaving arrived in a host country as an ordinary civilian, thereafter assumes, or shows determination to assume, any of the above attributes.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 28,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Community-based policing (CBP) ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "CBP involves the police participating in the community and responding to the needs of that community, and the community participating in its own policing and supporting the police. It can further be explained as the police working in partnership with the community; the community thereby participating in its own policing; and the two working together, mobilizing resources to solve problems affecting public safety over the longer term rather than the police, alone, reacting short term to incidents as they occur.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 29,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Community disarmament/Small arms limitation",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "In the context of peace-building, community disarmament/small arms limitation advocates a change of public attitude toward the possession and use of weapons, as well as the benefits of weapons control measures within the community.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 30,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Community involvement",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "In the context of SALW, the term refers to a process designed to place the needs and priorities of affected communities at the centre of the planning, implementation and monitoring of SALW control and other sectors.\\nCommunity involvement is based on an exchange of information and involves communities in the decision-making process in order to establish priorities for SALW control. In this way, SALW control aims to be inclusive, community focused and ensure the maximum involvement of all sections of the community. This involvement includes joint planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects.\\nCommunity involvement also works with communities to develop specific interim safety strategies that encourage individual and community behavioural change. This is designed to reduce the impact of SALW on individuals and communities until such time as the threat is removed.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 31,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Community sensitization",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "Sensitizing a community before, during and after the DDR process is essentiallythe process of making community members (whether they are ex-combatantor not) aware of the effects and changes DDR creates within the community. for example, it will be important for the community to know that reintegrationcan be a long-term, challenging process before it leads to stability; that excombatants might not readily take on their new livelihoods; that local capacity building will be an important emphasis for community building, etc. Such messages to the community can be dispersed with media tools, such as television; radio, print and poster campaigns; community town halls, etc., ensuring that a community\u2019s specific needs are addressed throughout the DDR process. See also \u2018sensitization\u2019.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 32,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Conflict prevention",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "Taking measures to try and prevent violent confrontation.",
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},
{
"ID": 33,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Conflict reduction",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "Process employed by States with the aim of diffusing tensions and building sustainable peace.\\nConflict reduction strategies may include programmes designed to build national and local capacity to settle disputes; encouraging the establishment of coordinated conflict prevention policies among international actors, and assisting countries in reducing the spread of arms.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 34,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Conflict resolution",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "Efforts designed to increase cooperation among the parties to a conflict and strengthen their relationships by building or deepening the institutions and processes through which the parties interact.conflict resolution is used to reduce the possibility of violence, or to consolidate the cessation of a violent conflict in an attempt to prevent its re-escalation.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 35,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Cooperation",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "The process of combining separate actors (States/members/armies) to work together as a cohesive unit in attaining pre-defined goals.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 36,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Coping mechanisms/strategies",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "The methods by which members of households try to deal with a crisis. For example, at times of severe food insecurity, household members may (1) make Greater use than normal of wild foods, (2) plant other crops, (3) seek other sources of income, (4) rely more on gifts and remittances, (5) sell off assets to buy food, or (6) migrate. Coping mechanisms should be discouraged if they lead to disinvestment, if they reduce a household\u2019s capacity to recover its long term capacity to survive, and if they harm the environment. Positive coping mechanisms should be encouraged and strengthened.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 37,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Counselling (HIV)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "Support generally offered before and after a test in order to help individuals Understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or main\u00adtain an HIV-negative status. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support; and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and minimize the risk of transmission to others.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 38,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Crisis management",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "Actions undertaken by governments and non-governmental agencies in an attempt to respond to security problems, identify their root causes and buildinternational capacity to prevent conflicts from recurring.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 39,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Demilitarization",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "The complete range of processes that render weapons, ammunition and explo\u00adsives unfit for their originally intended purpose. Demilitarization not only involves the final destruction process, but also includes all of the other transport, storage, accounting and pre-processing operations that are equally as essential to achieving the final result.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 40,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Demobilization (see also \u2018Child demobilization\u2019)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "\u201cDemobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may extend from the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). the second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A/C.5/59/31, May 2005).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 41,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Dependant",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "A civilian who depends upon a combatant for his/her livelihood. This can include friends and relatives of the combatant, such as aged men and women, non-mobilized children, and women and girls. Some dependants may also be active members of a fighting force. For the purposes of DDR programming, such persons shall be considered combatants, not dependants.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 42,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Destruction",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "The process of final conversion of weapons, ammunition and explosives into an inert state so that they can no longer function as designed.",
"Can": 0,
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"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 43,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Detailed field assessment",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "A detailed field assessment is essential to identify the nature of the problem a DDR programme is to deal with, as well as to provide key indicators for the development of a detailed DDR strategy and its associated components. detailed field assessments shall be undertaken to ensure that DDR strategies, programmes and implementation plans reflect realities, are well targeted and sustainable, and to assist with their monitoring and evaluation.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 44,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Disarmament",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "\u201cDisarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. Disarmament also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A/C.5/59/31, May 2005). ",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 45,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "A process that contributes to security and stability in a post-conflict recovery context by removing weapons from the hands of combatants, taking the combatants out of military structures and helping them to integrate socially and economically into society by finding civilian livelihoods. also see separate entries for \u2018disarmament\u2019, \u2018demobilization\u2019 and \u2018reintegration\u2019.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 46,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Disposal",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "The removal of ammunition and explosives from a stockpile using a variety of methods (that may not necessarily involve destruction). Logistic disposal may or may not require the use of render safe procedures.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 47,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Diurnal cycling",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "The exposure of ammunition and explosives to the temperature changes caused by day, night and change of season.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 48,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "\u2018Do no harm\u2019 ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "An approach that tries to avoid unintended negative impacts of development and other interventions.",
"Can": 0,
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"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 49,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Eligibility criteria ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "Criteria that establish who will benefit from DDR assistance and who will not. there are five categories of people that should be taken into consideration in DDR programmes: (1) male and female adult combatants; (2) children associated with armed forces and groups; (3) those working in non-combat roles (including women); (4) ex-combatants with disabilities and chronic illnesses; and (5) dependants. \\nWhen deciding on who will benefit from DDR assistance, planners should be guided by three principles, which include: (1) focusing on improving security. DDR assistance should target groups that pose the greatest risk to peace, while paying careful attentions to laying the foundation for recovery and development; (2) balancing equity with security. Targeted assistance should be balanced against rewarding violence. Fairness should guide eligibility; and (3) achieving flexibility. \\nThe eligibility criteria are decided at the beginning of a DDR planning process and determine the cost, scope and duration of the DDR programme in question.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 50,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Employability",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 7,
"Paragraph": "A combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes that improve a person\u2019s ability to secure and retain a job, progress at work and cope with change, secure alternative employment if he/she so wishes or has been laid off, and enter more easily into the labour market at different periods of his/her working life.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 51,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Empowerment",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 7,
"Paragraph": "Refers to women and men taking control over their lives: setting their own agendas, gaining skills, building self-confidence, solving problems and developing self-reliance. No one can empower another; only the individual can empower herself or himself to make choices or to speak out. However,institutions, including international cooperation agencies, can support processes that can nurture self-empowerment of individuals or groups. Empowerment of recipients, regardless of their gender, should be a central goal of any DDR interventions, and measures must be taken to ensure no particular Group is disempowered or excluded through the DDR process.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 52,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Evaluation",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "Evaluation is a management tool. It is a time-bound activity that systematically and objectively assesses the relevance, performance and success of ongoing and completed programmes and projects. Evaluation is carried out selectively, asking and answering specific questions to guide decision makers and/or programme managers. Evaluation determines the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of a programme or project.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 53,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Exclusion from protection as a refugee",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 7,
"Paragraph": "This is provided for in legal provisions under refugee law that deny the benefits of international protection to persons who would otherwise satisfy the criteria for refugee status, including persons in respect of whom there are serious reasons for considering that they have committed a crime against peace, a war crime, a crime against humanity, a serious non-political crime or acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 54,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Ex-combatan",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 7,
"Paragraph": "A person who has assumed any of the responsibilities or carried out any of the activities mentioned in the definition of \u2018combatant\u2019, and has laid down or surrendered his/her arms with a view to entering a DDR process. Former combatant status may be certified through a demobilisation process by a recognised authority. Spontaneously auto-demobilised individuals, such as deserters, may also be considered ex-combatants if proof of non-combatant status over a period of time can be given.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 55,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "It may also include the rendering safe and/or disposal of such explosive ordnance, which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration, when the disposal of such explosive ordnance is beyond the capabilities of those personnel normally assigned the responsibility for routine disposal. The presence of ammunition and explosives during disarmament operations will inevitably require some degree of EOD response. The level of this response will depend on the condition of the ammunition, its level of deterioration and the way that the local community handles it",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 56,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Explosives",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "Substances or mixtures of substances that, under external influences, are capable of rapidly releasing energy in the form of gases and heat.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 57,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "False negative/positive",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "HIV test result that is wrong, either giving a negative result when the person is HIV-positive, or a positive result when the person is HIV-negative",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 58,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Finance and Management Support Service (FMSS) ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "The office in the Office of Mission Support (OMS) in DPKO mandated to provide financial management and support services to peacekeeping, peacemaking and preventive diplomacy operations, and trust funds related to peacekeeping and peacemaking activities from start-up through closure and liquidation",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 59,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Food for training (FFT) ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "Programme in which food is supplied on condition that the recipient attends a training programme",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 60,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Food for work (FFW)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "FFW projects and activities are those in which food is given as full or part payment for work performed in the context of a supervised work programme.",
"Can": 0,
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"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 61,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Food insecurity",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "A situation where people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development, and an active and healthy life. Food insecurity may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 62,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Food security",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "A situation where all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Note: This definition includes the following three key dimensions of food security: sufficient availability of food; adequate access to food; and appropriate utilization of food.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 63,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Foreign former combatant",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "A person who previously met the definition of a combatant and has since disarmed and genuinely demobilized, but is not a national of the country where he/she finds him-/herself.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 64,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Formed police unit (FPU)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "A self-contained police unit of 125 officers capable of providing a range of tactical options, including an effective public order function.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 65,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Former combatant",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "See \u2018ex-combatant\u2019",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 66,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "The social attributes and opportunities associated with being male and female and the relationships between women, men, girls and boys, as well as the relations between women and those between men. These attributes, opportunities and relationships are socially constructed and are learned through socialization processes. They are context/time-specific and changeable. Gender is part of the broader sociocultural context. Other important criteria for sociocultural analysis include class, race, poverty level, ethnic group and age. The concept of gender also includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (femininity and masculinity). The concept of gender is vital, because, when it is applied to social analysis, it reveals how women\u2019s subordination (or men\u2019s domination) is socially constructed. As such, the subordination can be changed or ended. It is not biologically predetermined, nor is it fixed forever. As with any group, interactions among armed forces and groups, members\u2019 roles and responsibilities within the group, and interactions between members of armed forces/groups and policy and decision makers are all heavily influenced by prevailing gender roles and gender relations in society. In fact, gender roles significantly affect the behaviour of individuals even when they are in a sex-segregated environment, such as an all-male cadre.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 67,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender analysis",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 9,
"Paragraph": "The collection and analysis of sex-disaggregated information. Men and women perform different roles in societies and in armed groups and forces. This leads to women and men having different experience, knowledge, talents and needs. Gender analysis explores these differences so that policies, programmes and projects can identify and meet the different needs of men and women. Gender analysis also facilitates the strategic use of distinct knowledge and skills possessed by women and men, which can greatly improve the long-term sustainability of interventions. In the context of DDR, gender analysis should be used to design policies and interventions that will reflect the different roles, capacity and needs of women, men, girls and boys.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 68,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender balance",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 9,
"Paragraph": "The objective of achieving representational numbers of women and men among staff. The shortage of women in leadership roles, as well as extremely low numbers of women peacekeepers and civilian personnel, has contributed to the invisibility of the needs and capacities of women and girls in the DDR process. Achieving gender balance, or at least improving the representation of women in peace operations, has been defined as a strategy for increasing operational capacity on issues related to women, girls, gender equality and mainstreaming.",
"Can": 0,
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{
"ID": 69,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender equality",
"Heading2": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 9,
"Paragraph": "The equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and men and Girls and boys. Equality does not mean that women and men will become the same, but that women\u2019s and men\u2019s rights, responsibilities and opportunities will not depend on whether they are born male or female. Gender equality implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, while recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Gender equality is not a women\u2019s issue, but should concern and fully engage men as well as women. Equality between women and men is seen both as a human rights issue and as a precondition for, and indicator of, sustainable people-centred development.",
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},
{
"ID": 70,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender equity",
"Heading2": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 9,
"Paragraph": "The process of being fair to men and women. To ensure fairness, measures must often be put in place to compensate for the historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from operating on a level playing field. equity is a means; equality is the result.",
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{
"ID": 71,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender mainstreaming",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "Defined by the 52nd Session of ECOSOC in 1997 as \u201cthe process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making women\u2019s as well as men\u2019s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetrated. The ultimate goal of gender mainstreaming is to achieve gender equality.\u201d Gender mainstreaming emerged as a major strategy for achieving gender equality following the Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. In the context of DDR, gender mainstreaming is necessary in order to ensure women and girls receive equitable access to assistance programmes and packages, and it should, therefore, be an essential component of all DDR-related interventions. In order to maximize the impact of gender mainstreaming efforts, these should be complemented with activities that are directly tailored for marginalized segments of the intended beneficiary group.",
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{
"ID": 72,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender relations",
"Heading2": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "The social relationships among men, women, girls and boys. Gender relations shape how power is distributed among women, men, girls and boys and how it is translated into different positions in society. Gender relations are generally fluid and vary depending on other social relations, such as class, race, ethnicity, etc.",
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{
"ID": 73,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender-aware policies",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "Policies that utilize gender analysis in their formulation and design, and recognize gender differences in terms of needs, interests, priorities, power and roles. They further recognize that both men and women are active development actors for their community. Gender-aware policies can be further divided into the following three policies: \\nGender-neutral policies use the knowledge of gender differences in society to reduce biases in development work in order to enable both women and men to meet their practical gender needs. \\nGender-specific policies are based on an understanding of the existing gendered division of resources and responsibilities and gender power relations. These policies use knowledge of gender difference to respond to the practical gender needs of women or men. \\nGender-transformative policies consist of interventions that attempt to transform existing distributions of power and resources to create a more balanced relationship among women, men, girls and boys by responding to their strategic gender needs. These policies can target both sexes together, or separately. Interventions may focus on women\u2019s and/or men\u2019s practical gender needs, but with the objective of creating a conducive environment in which women or men can empower themselve",
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{
"ID": 74,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender-responsive DDR programmes",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "Programmes that are planned, implemented, monitored and evaluated in a gender-responsive manner to meet the different needs of female and male ex-combatants, supporters and dependants.",
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},
{
"ID": 75,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gender-responsive objectives",
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"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "Programme and project objectives that are non-discriminatory, equally benefit women and men and aim at correcting gender imbalances.",
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},
{
"ID": 76,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Gendered division of labour",
"Heading2": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "This is the result of how each society divides work between men and women according to what is considered suitable or appropriate to each gender. Atten\u00adtion to the gendered division of labour is essential when determining reintegration opportunities for both male and female ex-combatants, including women and girls associated with armed forces and groups in non-combat roles and dependants.",
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{
"ID": 77,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Harm",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
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},
{
"ID": 78,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Harmful event",
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"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Occurrence in which a hazardous situation results in harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
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},
{
"ID": 79,
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"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Hazard",
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"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Potential source of harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
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},
{
"ID": 80,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Hazardous situation ",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Circumstance in which people, property or the environment are exposed to one or more hazards (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
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},
{
"ID": 81,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "HIV",
"Heading2": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Human immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS.",
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},
{
"ID": 82,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "HIV confirmation tests",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "According to WHO/UNAIDS recommendations, all positive HIV-test results (whether ELISA [enzyme-linked immunabsorbent assay] or simple/rapid tests) should be confirmed using a second, different test to confirm accuracy, or two further different rapid tests if laboratory facilities are not available.",
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{
"ID": 83,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "HIV counselling",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Counselling generally offered before and after an HIV test in order to help individuals understand their risk behaviour and cope with an HIV-positive result or stay HIV-negative. The counselling service also links individuals to options for treatment, care and support, and provides information on how to stay as healthy as possible and how to minimize the risk of transmission to others. Test results shall be confidential. Usually a voluntary counselling and testing service package ensures that: the HIV test is voluntary; pre and post-test counselling is offered; informed consent is obtained (agreement to a medical test or procedure after clear explanation of risks and benefits); and HIV tests are performed using approved HIV test kits and following testing protocols.",
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},
{
"ID": 84,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "HIV-negative result",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "The HIV test did not detect any antibodies in the blood. This either means that the person is not infected with the virus at the time of the test or that he/she is in the \u2018window period\u2019 (i.e., false negative, see above). It does not mean that he/she is immune to the virus.",
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},
{
"ID": 85,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "HIV-positive result ",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "A positive HIV test result means that a person has the HIV antibodies in his/ her blood and is infected with HIV. It does not mean that he/she has AIDS.",
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},
{
"ID": 86,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "HIV test",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "Usually a test for the presence of antibodies. There are two main methods of HIV testing: \\nHIV ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) test: This is the most efficient test for testing large numbers per day, but requires laboratory facilities with equipment, maintenance staff and a reliable power supply; \\nSimple/rapid HIV tests: These do not require special equipment or highly trained staff and are as accurate as ELISA. Rapid tests will usually give results in approximately 30 minutes and are easy to perform. Suitable combinations of three simple/rapid tests are recommended by WHO where facilities for ELISA or ELISA/Western Blot testing are not available.",
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},
{
"ID": 87,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Host country",
"Heading2": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "A foreign country into whose territory a combatant crosses.",
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},
{
"ID": 88,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Human capital",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "The knowledge, skills, competencies and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity. (Duration of schooling and levels of qualification are the standard measures.)",
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},
{
"ID": 89,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Human security",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "Constitutes (1) safety from chronic threats, such as hunger, disease and repression, and (2) protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life. Although the scope of human security is vast, it can be divided into seven areas: economic security (freedom from poverty), food security (access to food), health security (access to health care and protection from diseases), environmental security (protection from the danger of environmental pollution), personal security (physical protection against torture, war, criminal attacks, domestic violence, etc.), community security (survival of traditional cultures and ethnic groups) and political security (civil and political rights, freedom from political oppression).",
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},
{
"ID": 90,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Implementation plan",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "Also known as an operations or action plan, an implementation plan describes the detailed steps necessary to implement programme activities, together with a division of labour and overall time-frame.",
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},
{
"ID": 91,
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"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Implementing partner",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "Organizations and agencies that execute programmes and services within UN-supported DDR operations. The presence and capacity of implementing partners varies significantly in different countries and may include national authorities, UN missions and agencies, national and international NGOs, community-based organizations and local businesses.",
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},
{
"ID": 92,
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"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Incentives",
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"Paragraph": "Acts or conditions that encourage the achievement of a goal.",
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},
{
"ID": 93,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Inconclusive (indeterminate) test",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "A small percentage of HIV test results are inconclusive. This means that the result is neither positive nor negative. This may be due to a number of factors that are not related to HIV infection, or it can be because of the person is in the early stages of infection when there are insufficient HIV antibodies present to give a positive result. If this happens the test must be repeated.",
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"ID": 94,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Incubation period",
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"Paragraph": "Time period between first infection by the disease agent and the appearance of disease symptoms. With HIV, this can vary from months to many years.",
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"ID": 95,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Indicator",
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"Paragraph": "Quantitative or qualitative factor or variable that provides a simple and reliable means to measure achievement, to reflect changes connected to an intervention, or to help assess the performance of a given development or aid factor.",
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"ID": 96,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "nformation, education and communication (IEC)",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "The development of communication strategies and support materials, based on formative research and designed to impact on levels of knowledge and influence behaviours among specific groups.",
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{
"ID": 97,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "The co-operative implementation of policies, structures and processes that support effective disarmament, demobilization and reintegration operations within a peacekeeping environment.",
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{
"ID": 98,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Integration",
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"Paragraph": "The implementation of policies and processes, in pursuit of a common strategic aim, that provide mechanisms for mutually beneficial cooperation.",
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},
{
"ID": 99,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Internally displaced persons (IDPs)",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "Persons who have been obliged to flee from their homes \u201cin particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflicts, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border\u201d (according to the definition in the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement)",
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},
{
"ID": 100,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "International guarantor",
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"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "State, international or regional body or organization that plays the role of facilitation and arbitration in negotiations and the implementation of a peace accord.",
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},
{
"ID": 101,
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"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Internee",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "A person who falls within the definition of a combatant (see above), who has crossed an international border from a State experiencing armed conflict and is interned by a neutral State whose territory he/she has entered.",
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},
{
"ID": 102,
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"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Internment",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "An obligation of a neutral State when foreign former combatants cross into its territory, as provided for under the 1907 Hague Convention Respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in the Case of War on land. This rule is considered to have attained customary international law status, so that it is binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to the Hague Convention. It is applicable by analogy also to internal armed conflicts in which combatants from government armed forces or opposition armed groups enter the territory of a neutral State. Internment involves confining foreign combatants who have been separated from civilians in a safe location away from combat zones and providing basic relief and humane treatment. Varying degrees of freedom of movement can be provided, subject to the interning State ensuring that the internees cannot use its territory for participation in hostilities.",
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{
"ID": 103,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Intervention",
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"Paragraph": "A process in which an actor enters into the area of another, with or without the consent of the other.",
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{
"ID": 104,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Irregular force",
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"Paragraph": "For the purposes of the IDDRS, defined as armed group.",
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},
{
"ID": 105,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Justice",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "For the UN, an ideal of accountability and fairness in the protection and vindication of rights and the prevention and punishment of wrongs. Justice implies regard for the rights of the accused, for the interests of victims and for the well-being of society at large. It is a concept rooted in all national cultures and traditions, and while its administration usually implies formal judicial mechanisms, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms are equally relevant. the international community has worked to articulate collectively the substantive and procedural requirements for the administration of justice for more than half a century",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 106,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Legislative disarmament/small arms contro",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "The national legal regimes that regulate the possession, use and circulation of small arms and light weapons. These may be enforced by the State\u2019s security forces. ",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 107,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Livelihood",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "The capabilities, assets (including both material and social assets) and activities required for a means of living. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, and maintain or improve its capabilities and assets, while not undermining the natural resource base.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 108,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Mandatory testing",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law to compel individuals to submit to HIV testing without informed consent. Within those countries that conduct mandatory testing, it is usually limited to specific \u2018populations\u2019 such as categories of health care providers, members of the military, prisoners or people in high-risk situations.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 109,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Mercenary",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "\u201cA mercenary is any person who:\\n(a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad in order to fight in an armed conflict;\\n(b) Is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar rank and functions in the armed forces of that party;\\n(c) Is neither a national of a party to the conflict nor a resident of territory controlled by a party to the conflict;\\n(d) Is not a member of the armed forces of a party to the conflict; and \\n(e) Has not been sent by a State which is not a party to the conflict on official duty as a member of its armed forces.\\n\\nA mercenary is also any person who, in any other situation:\\n(a) Is specially recruited locally or abroad for the purpose of participating in a concerted act of violence aimed at:\\n(i) Overthrowing a Government or otherwise undermining the constitutional order of a State; or\\n(ii) Undermining the territorial integrity of a State;\\n(b) Is motivated to take part therein essentially by the desire for significant private gain and is prompted by the promise of payment of material compen\u00adsation;\\n(c) Is neither a national nor a resident of the State against which such an act is directed;\\n(d) Has not been sent by a State on official duty; and\\n(e) Is not a member of the armed forces of the State on whose territory the act is undertaken\u201d (International Convention Against the Recruitment, Use, financing and Training of Mercenaries, 1989)",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 110,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Militia",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "A military group that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency or a rebel group acting in opposition to a regular army. Also see \u2018irregular force\u2019.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 111,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Millennium Development Goals",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "The Millennium Development Goals summarize the development goals agreedon at international conferences and world summits during the 1990s. At the end of the decade, world leaders distilled the key goals and targets in the millennium Declaration (September 2000).the Millennium Development Goals, to be achieved between 1990 and 2015, include:\\nhalving extreme poverty and hunger;\\nachieving universal primary education;\\npromoting gender equality; \\nreducing under-five mortality by two-thirds;\\nreducing maternal mortality by three-quarters;\\nreversing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB; \\nensuring environmental sustainability; \\ndeveloping a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, \\ntrade and debt relief.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 112,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Monitoring",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "Monitoring is a management tool. It is the systematic oversight of the implementation of an activity that establishes whether input deliveries, work schedules, other required actions and targeted outputs have proceeded according to plan, so that timely action can be taken to correct deficiencies.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 113,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "National authority",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "The government department(s), organization(s) or institution(s) in a country responsible for the regulation, management and coordination of DDR activities.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 114,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "National plan",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "A comprehensive, short, medium or long-term strategy to bring about the development of a specific issue in a country.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 115,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Needs-based approach",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "An approach that focuses on what people need or are short of and, therefore, on what they should be provided with.",
"Can": 0,
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"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 116,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Non-refoulement",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "A core principle of international law that prohibits States from returning persons in any manner whatsoever to countries or territories in which their lives or freedom may be threatened. It finds expression in refugee law, human rights law and international humanitarian law, is a rule of customary international law, and is therefore binding on all States, whether or not they are parties to specific instruments such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 117,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Nutritional requirements",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "AIDS patients usually need a food intake that is 30 percent higher than standard recommended levels.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 118,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Operational objective",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "Specific target set by an organization to achieve a mission. Operational objectives should be precise, ideally quantifiable, and should be achievable with the resources that are likely to become available.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 119,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Opportunistic infection (OI)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "Infection that occurs when an immune system is weakened, but which might not cause a disease \u2014 or be as serious \u2014 in a person with a properly functioning immune system.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 120,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Participants",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "All persons who will receive direct assistance through the DDR process, inclu\u00adding ex-combatants, women and children associated with fighting forces, and others identified during negotiations of the political framework and planning for a UN-supported DDR process.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 121,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Participatory rural assessment (PRA)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "Tool designed, in a World Food Programme (WFP) intervention, to assess rural people\u2019s perceptions, access to and control over resources, attitudes, benefits, decision-making positions, constraints and degree of involvement.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 122,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Peace-building",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "Process to prevent the resurgence of conflict and to create the conditions necessary for a sustainable peace in war-torn societies. It is a holistic pro\u00adcess involving broad-based inter-agency cooperation across a wide range of issues. it includes activities such as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of armed forces and groups; rehabilitation of basic national infrastructure; human rights and elections monitoring; monitoring or retraining of civil administrators and police; training in customs and border control procedures; advice or training in fiscal or macroeconomic stabilization policy and support for landmine removal.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 123,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Peacekeeping assessed budget",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "he assessed contribution of Member States to the operations of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 124,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Peer education",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "A popular concept that variously refers to an approach, a communication channel, a methodology and/or an intervention strategy. Peer education usually involves training and supporting members of a given group with the same background, experience and values to effect change among members of that group. It is often used to influence knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviours at the individual level. However, peer educa\u00adtion may also create change at the group or societal level by modifying norms and stimulating collective action that contributes to changes in policies and programmes. worldwide, peer education is one of the most widely used HIV/AIDS awareness strategies. ",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 125,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Police statute",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "A law, decree or edict enacted by the relevant authority governing the establishment, functions and organization of a law enforcement agency",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 126,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Policy",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "A set of statements that define the purpose and goals of an organization and the rules, standards and principles of action that govern the way in which the organization aims to achieve these goals. \\nPolicy evolves in response to strategic direction and field experience. in turn, it influences the way in which plans are developed, and how resources are mobilized and applied. Policy is prescriptive and compliance is assumed, or at least is encouraged.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 127,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Policy development",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "The process whereby many academic, international and non-governmental organizations provide assistance to governments in developing their strategies and managerial approaches to particular issues, problems or events.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 128,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Political stability ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "A situation where the political system and its actors, rules, cultures and institutions achieve balance and maintain a certain degree of order.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 129,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Post-conflict",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Can describe the time, period or events taking place in a given State or region that had experienced an outbreak of violence or conflict in its recent past.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 130,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Post-exposure prophylaxis/Post-exposure prevention (PEP)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "A short-term antiretroviral treatment that reduce the likelihood of HIV infection after potential exposure to infected body fluids, such as through a needle-stick injury or as a result of rape. The treatment should only be administered by a qualified health care practitioner. It essentially consists of taking high doses of ARVs for 28 days. To be effective, the treatment must start within 2 to 72 hours of the possible exposure; the earlier the treatment is started, the more effective it is. Its success rate varies.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 131,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Poverty reduction strategy papers (PRSPs)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "PRSPs are prepared by governments in low-income countries through a participatory process involving domestic stakeholders and external development partners, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. a PRSP describes the macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes that a country will follow over several years to bring about broadbased growth and reduce poverty, as well as external financing needs and the associated sources of financing (IMF, Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: A Fact sheet, September 2005, http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/prsp.htm).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 132,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Practical gender needs",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "What women (or men) perceive as immediate necessities, such as water, shelter, food and security. Practical needs vary according to gendered differences in the division of agricultural labour, reproductive work, etc., in any social context.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 133,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Pre-discharge orientation (PDO)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "Programmes provided at the point of demobilization to former combatants and their families to better equip them for reinsertion to civil society. This process also provides a valuable opportunity to monitor and manage expectations.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 134,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Pre-mandate commitment authority (PMCA)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "The sources of budgetary support available to the Secretary-General of the UN to establish or expand a peacekeeping operations or special political mission. Certain conditions govern the use of the PMCA, which may include (depending on circumstances) approval from the ACABQ or notification of the President of the Security Council.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 135,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Prevention of recruitment, and demobilization and reintegration (PDR)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "Child-focused agencies use the term \u2018prevention of recruitment, and demobilization and reintegration\u2019 rather than DDR when referring to child-centred processes.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 136,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Prima facie",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "As appearing at first sight or on first impression; relating to refugees, if someone seems obvious to be a refugee.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 137,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Programme",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "A generic (general) term for a set of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. In order to ensure that a programme\u2019s results, outputs and overall outcome are reached, activities are often framed by a strategy, key principles and identified targets. Together, these indicate how the activities will be structured and implemented. Programmes also include a description of all aspects necessary to implement the planned activities, including inputs and resources (staff, equipment, funding, etc.), management arrangements, legal frameworks, partnerships and other risk analysis.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 138,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Project",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "Within each programme there may be several projects, each of which is a separately identified undertaking. A project is an intervention that consists of a set of planned, interrelated activities aimed at achieving defined objectives over a fixed time. A project\u2019s activities and objectives are normally given in a project document. This legal agreement binds the signatories to carry out the defined activities and to provide specific resources over a fixed period of time in order to reach agreed objectives.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 139,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Protection",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "All activities that are aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of the individual, in accordance with the letter and spirit of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and refugee law.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 140,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Public information",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 17,
"Paragraph": "Information that is released or published for the primary purpose of keeping the public fully informed, thereby gaining their understanding and support. The objective of public information within SALW control is to raise general awareness. It is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW problem. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and accurate data it is the most practical means of communicating safety information. In other situations, public information can support community liaison/ involvement.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 141,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Quick-impact project (QIP)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "Quick-impact projects are small, rapidly implemented projects intended to: \\nhelp create conditions for durable solutions for refugees and returnees through rapid interventions; \\nthrough community participation, provide for small-scale initial rehabilitation and enable communities to take advantage of development opportunities; \\nhelp strengthen the absorptive capacity of target areas, while meeting urgent community needs (UNHCR, Quick Impact Projects (QIPs): A Provisional Guide, Geneva, May 2004).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 142,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Rapid assessment (RA)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "Assessment that uses a variety of survey techniques for quick and inexpensive assessment. Rapid assessments tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative, and they depend more on the ability and judgment of the person carrying out the survey than do other research methods that are more rigorous, but also slower and costlier.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 143,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Receiving communities",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "The communities where the ex-combatants will go, live and work. Within this concept, the social network of a small community is referred to, and also the bordering local economy.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 144,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Reconstruction",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "The process of rebuilding the institutions of State that have failed or are failing due to circumstances of war or to systematic destruction through poor governance.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 145,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Recovery",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "A restorative process in relation to the situation prior to the distress. It might entail \u2018healing\u2019, reparation, amelioration and even regeneration.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 146,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Recruitment",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "Includes compulsory, forced and voluntary recruitment into any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 147,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Refugee",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "Defined in the 1951 UN Convention relating to the Status of Refugees as a person who: \\n\u201cIs outside the country of origin; \\nHas a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and \\nIs unable or unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution.\u201d \\nIn Africa and Latin America, this definition has been extended. The 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa also includes as refugees persons fleeing civil disturbances, widespread violence and war. In Latin America, the Cartagena Declaration of 1984, although not binding, recommends that the definition should also include persons who fled their country \u201cbecause their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalised violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order\u201d.",
"Can": 0,
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"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 148,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Refugee status determination",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 18,
"Paragraph": "Legal and administrative procedures undertaken by UNHCR and/or States to determine whether an individual should be recognized as a refugee in accordance with national and international law.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 149,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Regular forces ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "Institutionalized armed cadre in organized, structured and trained professional armies, with a legal basis and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.).",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 150,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Reinsertion",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "\u201cReinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is short-term material and/or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to one year\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A/C.5/59/31, May 2005).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 151,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Reintegration",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "\u201cReintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. Reintegration is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility, and often necessitates long-term external assistance\u201d (Secretary-General, note to the General Assembly, A/C.5/59/31, May 2005).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 152,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Reintegration of children",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "The provision of reintegration support is a right enshrined in article 39 of the CRC: \u201cState Parties shall take all appropriate measures to promote . . . social reintegration of a child victim of . . . armed conflicts\u201d. Child-centred reintegration is multi-layered and focuses on family reunification; mobilizing and enabling care systems in the community; medical screening and health care, including reproductive health services; schooling and/or vocational training; psychosocial support; and social, cultural and economic support. Socio-economic reintegration is often underestimated in DDR programmes, but should be included in all stages of programming and budgeting, and partner organizations should be involved at the start of the reintegration process to establish strong collaboration structures.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 153,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Render safe procedure (RSP)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "The application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components to prevent an unacceptable detonation.",
"Can": 0,
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"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 154,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Repatriation",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "The return of an individual to his/her country of citizenship. ",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 155,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Resettlement",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "The relocation of a refugee to a third country, which is neither the country of citizenship nor the country into which the refugee has fled. Resettlement to a third country is granted by accord of the country of resettlement, and is based on a number of criteria, including legal and physical protection needs, lack of local integration opportunities, medical needs, family reunification needs, protecting survivors of violence and torture, etc.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 156,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Residual risk",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 19,
"Paragraph": "In the context of disarmament, the term refers to the risk remaining following the application of all reasonable efforts to remove the risks inherent in all collection and destruction activities (adapted from ISO Guide 51:1999).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 157,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Results-based budgeting (RBB) ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 158,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Returnee",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "A refugee who has voluntarily repatriated from a country of asylum to his/her country of origin, after the country of origin has confirmed that its environment is stable and secure and not prone to persecution of any person. Also refers to a person (who could be an internally displaced person [IDP] or ex-combatant) returning to a community/town/village after conflict has ended.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 159,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Risk",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 160,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Risk analysis",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "Systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 161,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Risk assessment",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "Overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 162,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Risk evaluation",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "Process based on risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 163,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Risk reduction ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "Actions taken to lessen the probability, negative consequences or both, associated with a particular event or series of events.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 164,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Routine opt-in testing",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "Approach to testing whereby the individual is offered an HIV test as a standard part of a treatment/health check that he/she is about to receive. The individual is informed that he/she has the right to decide whether or not to undergo the test.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 165,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Rule of law",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "A principle of governance in which all persons, institutions and entities, public and private, including the State itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated, and which are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires, as well, measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal transparency.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 166,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "\u2018Safe to move\u2019",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "A technical assessment, by an appropriately qualified technician or technical officer, of the physical condition and stability of ammunition and explosives prior to any proposed move. Should the ammunition and explosives fail a \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection, then they must be destroyed on site (i.e., at the place where it is found), or as close as is practically possible, by a qualified EOD team acting under the advice and control of the qualified technician or technical officer who conducted the initial \u2018safe to move\u2019 inspection.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 167,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Safety",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "The degree of freedom from unacceptable risk (ISO Guide 51: 1999[E]).",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 168,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "SALW awareness programme",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 20,
"Paragraph": "A programme of activities carried out with the overall goal of minimizing, and where possible eliminating, the negative consequences of inadequate SALW control by carrying out an appropriate combination of SALW advocacy,SALW risk education and media operations/public information campaigns, which together work to change behaviours and introduce appropriate alternative ways attitudes over the long term. Wherever it exists, the operational objectives of a national SALW control initiative will dictate the appropriate type of SALW awareness activities. SALW awareness is a mass mobilization approach that delivers information on the SALW threat. It may take the form of formal or non-formal education and may use mass media techniques. In an emergency situation, due to lack of time and available data, it is the most practical way of communicating safety information. In other situations it can support community liaison.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 169,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "SALW advocacy",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 21,
"Paragraph": "A programme of activities that aim to raise SALW problems and issues with the general public, the authorities, the media, governments and their institutions to achieve changes at both institutional and/or individual levels. These types of activities also include campaigns highlighting the SALW problems and issues with the aim of encouraging people to surrender weapons. This is generally carried out to support weapons collection programmes.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 170,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "SALW control",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 21,
"Paragraph": "Activities that, together, aim to reduce the social, economic and environmental impact of uncontrolled SALW spread and possession. These activities include cross-border control issues, legislative and regulatory measures, SALW awareness and communications strategies, SALW collection and destruction operations, SALW survey and the management of information and SALW stockpile management.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 171,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "SALW risk education",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 21,
"Paragraph": "A process that encourages the adoption of safer behaviours by at-risk groups and by SALW holders, and which provides the links among affected communities, other SALW components and other sectors. SALW risk education can be implemented as a stand-alone activity, in contexts where no weapons collection is taking place. If an amnesty is to be set up at a later stage, risk education activities will permit an information campaign to take place efficiently, using the networks, systems and methods in place as part of the risk education programme and adapting the content accordingly. \\nSALW risk education is an essential component of SALW control. There are two related and mutually reinforcing components: (1) community involvement; and (2) public education. \\nGenerally, SALW risk education programmes can use both approaches, as they reinforce each other. They are not, however, alternatives to each other, nor are they alternatives to eradicating the SALW threat by weapons collection and destruction. The use of those approaches will also depend on whether a weapons collection programme is taking place or not.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 172,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "SALW survey",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 21,
"Paragraph": "A systematic and logical process to determine the nature and extent of SALW spread and impact within a region, nation or community in order to provide accurate data and information for a safe, effective and efficient intervention by an appropriate organisation. The following terms have been used in the past, though the preferred one is as indicated above: \u2018national assessment\u2019, \u2018base-line assessment\u2019 and \u2018mapping\u2019.",
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},
{
"ID": 173,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Security",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "An individual\u2019s or State\u2019s feeling of safety or well-being, protected from attack or violent conflict. OR The control of threat, integrated with an appropriate response capability.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 174,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Security sector reform (SSR)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "A dynamic concept involving the design and implementation of strategy for the management of security functions in a democratically accountable, efficient and effective manner to initiate and support reform of the national security infrastructure. The national security infrastructure includes appropriate national ministries, civil authorities, judicial systems, the armed forces, paramilitary forces, police, intelligence services, private\u2013military companies (PMCs), correctional services and civil society \u2018watch-dogs\u2019.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 175,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sensitization",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "Sensitization within the DDR context refers to creating awareness, positive understanding and behavioural change towards: (1) specific components that are important to DDR planning, implementation and follow-up; and (2) transitional changes for ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities, both during and post-DDR processes. For those who are planning and implementing DDR, sensitization can entail making sure that specific needs of women and children are included within DDR programme planning. It can consist of taking cultural traditions and values into consideration, depending on where the DDR process is taking place. For ex-combatants, their dependants and surrounding communities who are being sensitized, it means being prepared for and made aware of what will happen to them and their communities after being disarmed and demobilized, e.g., taking on new livelihoods, which will change both their lifestyle and environment. Such sensitization processes can occur with a number of tools: training and issue-specific workshops; media tools such as television, radio, print and poster campaigns; peer counselling, etc.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 176,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sentinel surveillance",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "Surveillance based on selected population samples chosen to represent the relevant experience of particular groups.",
"Can": 0,
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"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 177,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sero-conversion ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "The period when the blood starts producing detectable antibodies in response to HIV infection.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 178,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sero-positive",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "Having HIV antibodies; being HIV-positive.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 179,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sex",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "The biological differences between men and women, which are universal and determined at birth.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 180,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sex-disaggregated data",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "Data that are collected and presented separately on men and women. The availability of sex-disaggregated data, which would describe the proportion of women, men, girls and boys associated with armed forces and groups, is an essential precondition for building gender-responsive policies and interventions",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 181,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sexually transmitted infection (STI)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "Disease that is commonly transmitted through vaginal, oral or anal sex. The presence of an STI is indicative of risk behaviour and also increases the actual risk of contracting HIV.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 182,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Small arms and light weapons (SALW)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 22,
"Paragraph": "All lethal conventional weapons and ammunition that can be carried by an individual combatant or a light vehicle, that also do not require a substantial logistic and maintenance capability. There are a variety of definitions for SALW circulating and international consensus on a \u2018correct\u2019 definition has yet to be agreed. Based on common practice, weapons and ammunition up to 100 mm in calibre are usually considered as SALW. For the purposes of the IDDRS series, the above definition will be used.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 183,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Small arms capacity assessment (SACA)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "The component of SALW survey that collects data on the local resources available to respond to the SALW problem.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 184,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Small arms distribution assessment (SADA)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "The component of SALW survey that collects data on the type, quantity, ownership, distribution and movement of SALW within the country or region.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 185,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Small arms impact survey (SAIS) ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "The component of SALW survey that collects data on the impact of SALW on the community and social and economic development.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 186,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Small arms limitation",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "See \u2018community disarmament\u2019.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 187,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Small arms perception survey (SAPS)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "The component of SALW survey that collects qualitative and quantitative information, using focus groups, interviews and household surveys, on the attitudes of the local community to SALW and possible interventions.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 188,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Social capital ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "The existence of a certain set of informal values or norms shared among members of a group that permit cooperation among them. The sharing of values and norms does not in itself produce social capital, because the values may be the wrong ones: the norms that produce social capital must substantively include virtues like truth-telling, the meeting of obligations and reciprocity. Note: There are multiple and nuanced definitions of social capital.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 189,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Stakeholders",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "A broad term used to denote all local, national and international actors who have an interest in the outcome of any particular DDR process. This includes participants and beneficiaries, parties to peace accords/political frameworks, national authorities, all UN and partner implementing agencies, bilateral and multilateral donors, and regional actors and international political guarantors of the peace process.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 190,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Standard",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "A documented agreement containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines or definitions of characteristics to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. IDDRS aim to improve safety and efficiency in DDR operations by encouraging the use of the preferred procedures and practices at both Headquarters and field level. To be effective, the standards should be definable, measurable, achievable and verifiable.",
"Can": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 191,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "STI syndromic management",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "A cost-effective approach that allows health workers to diagnose sexually transmitted infections on the basis of a patient\u2019s history and symptoms, without the need for laboratory analysis. Treatment normally includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 192,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Stockpile",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "In the context of DDR, the term refers to a large accumulated stock of weapons and explosive ordnance.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 193,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Stockpile destruction",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 23,
"Paragraph": "The physical activities and destructive procedures towards a continual reduction of the national stockpile.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 194,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Strategic gender needs",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "Long-term needs, usually not material, and often related to structural changes in society regarding women\u2019s status and equity. They include legislation for equal rights, reproductive choice and increased participation in decision-making.The notion of \u2018strategic gender needs\u2019, first coined in 1985 by Maxine Molyneux, helped develop gender planning and policy development tools, such as the Moser Framework, which are currently being used by development institutions around the world. Interventions dealing with strategic gender interests focus on fundamental issues related to women\u2019s (or, less often, men\u2019s) subordination and gender inequities.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 195,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Sustainable livelihoods approach",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "Approach that tries to ensure that households can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain and improve their capabilities and assets now and in the future.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 196,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Tolerable risk",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "Risk that is accepted in a given context on the basis of the current values of society (ISO Guide 51: 1999 [E]).",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 197,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Transition",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "The period in a crisis when external assistance is most crucial in supporting or underpinning still fragile ceasefires or peace processes by helping to create the conditions for political stability, security, justice and social equity. Thus, peace-building is the area where UN activities in a transition context intersect. Consolidating peace remains the overarching aim of transition.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 198,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Transitional justice",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "Transitional justice comprises the full range of processes and mechanisms associated with a society\u2019s attempts to come to terms with a legacy of large-scale past abuses, in order to ensure accountability, serve justice and achieve reconciliation. These may include both judicial and non-judicial mechanisms, with differing levels of international involvement (or none at all) and individual prosecutions, reparations, truth-seeking, institutional reform, vetting and dismissals, or a combination thereof.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 199,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Transparency",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "Free and open access to information that enables civil society to perform its regulatory function. Transparency is sometimes used as a synonym for accountability in governance.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 200,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "UN development assistance framework (UNDAF)",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "UNDAF is the common strategic framework for the operational activities of the UN system at the country level. It provides a collective, coherent and integrated UN system response to national priorities and needs, including PRSPs and equivalent national strategies, within the framework of the Millennium Development Goals and the commitments, goals and targets of the Millennium Declaration and international conferences, summits, conventions and human rights instruments of the UN system (UN, Common Country Assessment and United Nations Development Assistance Framework: Guidelines for UN Country Teams, 2004).",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 201,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Unexploded ordnance (UXO) ",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 24,
"Paragraph": "Explosive ordnance that has been primed, fuzed, armed or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been dropped, fired, launched, projected or placed in such a manner as to be a hazard to operations, installations, personnel or material, and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any other cause.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 202,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Universal precautions",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 25,
"Paragraph": "Simple infection control measures that reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne pathogens through exposure to blood or body fluids among patients and health care workers. Under the \u2018universal precaution\u2019 principle, blood and body fluids from all persons should be considered as infected with HIV, regardless of the known or supposed status of the person. \\nUse of new, single-use disposable injection equipment for all injections is highly recommended. Sterilising injection equipment should only be considered if single-use equipment is not available. \\nDiscard contaminated sharps immediately and without recapping in puncture- and liquid-proof containers that are closed, sealed and destroyed before completely full. \\nDocument the quality of the sterilization for all medical equipment used for percutaneous procedures. \\nWash hands with soap and water before and after procedures; use protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and goggles for direct contact with blood and other body fluids. \\nDisinfect instruments and other contaminated equipment. \\nHandle properly soiled linen with care. Soiled linen should be handled as little as possible. Gloves and leak-proof bags should be used if necessary. Cleaning should occur outside patient areas, using detergent and hot water.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 203,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Verification",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 25,
"Paragraph": "Confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that specified requirements have been fulfilled (ISO 9000:2000).",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 204,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Violence",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 25,
"Paragraph": "The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or a group or community that either results in, or has a high likelihood of resulting in, injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 205,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Violence against women/Gender-based violence",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 25,
"Paragraph": "Defined as \u201cany act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private. Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: (a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including battering, sexual abuse of female children in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation; (b) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution; (c) Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs\u201d (UN General Assembly Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, 1993).",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 206,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Voluntary contributions",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 26,
"Paragraph": "Financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through non-government organizations.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 207,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Voluntary HIV testing",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 26,
"Paragraph": "A client-initiated HIV test whereby the individual chooses to go to a testing facility/provider to find out his/her HIV status.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 208,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Voluntary surrender",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 26,
"Paragraph": "The physical return on their own accord by an individual(s) or community of SALW to the legal government or an international organization with no further penalty.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 209,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Vulnerability",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 26,
"Paragraph": "The high probability of exposure to risks and reduced capacity to overcome their negative results. Vulnerability is a result of exposure to risk factors, and of underlying socio-economic processes, which reduce the capacity of populations to cope with risks.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 210,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Weapon",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"PageNum": 26,
"Paragraph": "Anything used, designed or used or intended for use: \\n(1) in causing death or injury to any person; or \\n(2) for the purposes of threatening or intimidating any person and, without restricting the generality of the foregoing, includes a firearm.",
"Can": 0,
"May": 0,
"Must": 0,
"Shall": 0,
"Should": 0
},
{
"ID": 211,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Weapons collection point (WCP)",
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{
"ID": 212,
"Color": "#F07F4E",
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
"Heading1": "Weapons in competition for development (WCD)",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by competing communities in exchange for an agreed proportion of small-scale infrastructure development by the legal government, an international organization or NGO",
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"ID": 213,
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"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Level": 1,
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"Heading3": "",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "The indirect linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by the community as a whole in exchange for the provision of sustainable infrastructure development by the legal government, an international organization or NGO.",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Level": 1,
"LevelName": "General IDDRS",
"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "The direct linkage between the voluntary surrender of small arms and light weapons by the community as a whole in return for an increase in ongoing development assistance by the legal government, an international organization or an NGO.",
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"Level": 1,
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Module": "1.20 Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "Within the DDR context, weapons management refers to the handling, administration and oversight of surrendered weapons, ammunition and unexploded ordnance (UXO) whether received, disposed of, destroyed or kept in long-term storage. An integral part of managing weapons during the DDR process is their registration, which should preferably be managed by international and government agencies, and local police, and monitored by international forces. A good inventory list of weapons\u2019 serial numbers allows for the effective tracing and tracking of weapons\u2019 future usage. During voluntary weapons collections, food or money-related incentives are given in order to encourage registration. \\nAlternately, weapons management refers to a national government\u2019s administration of its own legal weapons stock. Such administration includes registration, according to national legislation, of the type, number, location and condition of weapons. In addition, a national government\u2019s implementation of its transfer controls of weapons, to decrease illicit weapons\u2019 flow, and regulations for weapons\u2019 export and import authorizations (within existing State responsibilities), also fall under this definition.",
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"Paragraph": "The time period between initial infection with HIV and the body\u2019s production of antibodies, which can be up to three months. During this time, an HIV test for antibodies may be negative, even though the person has the virus and can infect others.",
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"Title": "Glossary: Terms and Definitions",
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"Paragraph": "The Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) contains provisions aimed at protecting young persons against hazardous or exploitative activities or conditions of work. It requires the setting not only of a general minimum age for admission to work \u2014 which cannot be less than age 15 and, according to its accompanying Recommendation No. 146, should be progressively raised to age 16 \u2014 but also of a higher minimum age of 18 for admission to work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons.",
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"Paragraph": "The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) aims at putting an end to the involvement of all persons under age 18 in the harmful activities it lists. Forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict is listed as one of the worst forms of child labour.",
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"Paragraph": "Within the UN system, young people are identified as those between 15 and 24 years of age. However, this can vary considerably between one context and another. Social, economic and cultural systems define the age limits for the specific roles and responsibilities of children, youth and adults. Conflicts and violence often force youth to assume adult roles such as being parents, breadwinners, caregivers or fighters. Cultural expectations of girls and boys also affect the perception of them as adults, such as the age of marriage, circumcision practices and motherhood. Such expectations can be disturbed by conflict.",
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