diff --git a/data_api/PreprocessFile.py b/data_api/PreprocessFile.py index eda8610..87f57cb 100644 --- a/data_api/PreprocessFile.py +++ b/data_api/PreprocessFile.py @@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ from pathlib import Path import spacy from spacy.matcher import Matcher -from .models import Levels, StandardsList +from .models import StandardsList -from .CreateIndexES import CreateIndexES +# from .CreateIndexES import CreateIndexES class PreprocessFile: @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class PreprocessFile: if found_matches: for match_id, start, end in found_matches: string_id = nlp.vocab.strings[match_id] - span = doc[start:end] + #span = doc[start:end] if string_id == "Shall": shall = True diff --git a/data_api/__pycache__/CreateIndexES.cpython-38.pyc b/data_api/__pycache__/CreateIndexES.cpython-38.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ffbdde7 Binary files /dev/null and b/data_api/__pycache__/CreateIndexES.cpython-38.pyc differ diff --git a/data_api/__pycache__/PreprocessFile.cpython-38.pyc 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a/iddrs_api/static/data/Standards/2/IDDRS_2.30_Community_Violence_Reduction_validated_copy_YpC3NRr.pdf and /dev/null differ diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 6084c07..254ccb9 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -1,98 +1,79 @@ +annotated-types==0.6.0 arabic-reshaper==3.0.0 -asgiref==3.5.2 +asgiref==3.7.2 asn1crypto==1.5.1 -aspose-words==22.11.0 -attrs==22.1.0 -beautifulsoup4==4.11.1 -blis==0.7.9 -Brotli==1.0.9 -catalogue==2.0.8 -certifi==2022.9.24 -cffi==1.15.1 -charset-normalizer==2.1.1 -click==8.1.3 -confection==0.0.3 -contourpy==1.0.7 -cryptography==41.0.2 +backports.zoneinfo==0.2.1 +blis==0.7.11 +catalogue==2.0.10 +certifi==2023.11.17 +cffi==1.16.0 +charset-normalizer==3.3.2 +click==8.1.7 +cloudpathlib==0.16.0 +confection==0.1.3 +cryptography==41.0.5 cssselect2==0.7.0 -cycler==0.11.0 -cymem==2.0.7 -Django==4.1.3 -django-cors-headers==3.14.0 -django-filter==22.1 -django-pandas==0.6.6 +cymem==2.0.8 +Django==4.2.7 +django-cors-headers==4.3.1 +django-filter==23.4 +django-rest-framework==0.1.0 djangorestframework==3.14.0 -djangorestframework-simplejwt==5.2.2 -elastic-transport==8.4.1 -elasticsearch==8.10.0 -en-core-web-lg @ https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_lg-3.4.1/en_core_web_lg-3.4.1-py3-none-any.whl -en-core-web-sm @ https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-3.4.1/en_core_web_sm-3.4.1-py3-none-any.whl -et-xmlfile==1.1.0 -fonttools==4.38.0 +djangorestframework-simplejwt==5.3.0 +docx==0.2.4 +elastic-transport==8.10.0 +elasticsearch==8.11.0 +#en-core-web-sm @ https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_sm-3.7.1/en_core_web_sm-3.7.1-py3-none-any.whl#sha256=86cc141f63942d4b2c5fcee06630fd6f904788d2f0ab005cce45aadb8fb73889 +freetype-py==2.3.0 html5lib==1.1 idna==3.4 Jinja2==3.1.2 -joblib==1.2.0 -kiwisolver==1.4.4 langcodes==3.3.0 -llvmlite==0.39.1 lxml==4.9.3 -MarkupSafe==2.1.1 -matplotlib==3.7.1 -murmurhash==1.0.9 -nltk==3.7 -numba==0.56.4 -numpy==1.23.4 -openpyxl==3.0.10 +MarkupSafe==2.1.3 +murmurhash==1.0.10 +numpy==1.24.4 oscrypto==1.3.0 -packaging==21.3 -pandas==1.5.1 -pathy==0.8.1 -Pillow==9.3.0 -preshed==3.0.8 +packaging==23.2 +Pillow==10.1.0 +pkg_resources==0.0.0 +preshed==3.0.9 +pycairo==1.25.1 pycparser==2.21 -pydantic==1.10.2 -pydyf==0.5.0 -pyHanko==0.19.0 -pyhanko-certvalidator==0.23.0 -PyJWT==2.7.0 +pydantic==2.5.1 +pydantic_core==2.14.3 +pyHanko==0.20.1 +pyhanko-certvalidator==0.26.2 +PyJWT==2.8.0 PyMuPDF==1.23.6 PyMuPDFb==1.23.6 -pyparsing==3.0.9 -pypdf==3.13.0 -pyphen==0.13.1 +pypdf==3.17.1 pypng==0.20220715.0 python-bidi==0.4.2 -python-dateutil==2.8.2 python-docx==1.1.0 -pytz==2022.6 +pytz==2023.3.post1 PyYAML==6.0.1 qrcode==7.4.2 -regex==2022.10.31 -reportlab==3.6.13 -requests==2.28.1 -scikit-learn==1.2.2 -scipy==1.10.1 +reportlab==4.0.7 +requests==2.31.0 +rlPyCairo==0.3.0 six==1.16.0 -smart-open==5.2.1 -soupsieve==2.3.2.post1 -spacy==3.4.3 -spacy-legacy==3.0.10 -spacy-loggers==1.0.3 -sqlparse==0.4.3 -srsly==2.4.5 +smart-open==6.4.0 +spacy==3.7.2 +spacy-legacy==3.0.12 +spacy-loggers==1.0.5 +sqlparse==0.4.4 +srsly==2.4.8 svglib==1.5.1 -thinc==8.1.5 -threadpoolctl==3.1.0 +thinc==8.2.1 tinycss2==1.2.1 -tqdm==4.64.1 -typer==0.7.0 -typing_extensions==4.4.0 -tzlocal==5.0.1 -uritools==4.0.1 -urllib3==1.26.12 -wasabi==0.10.1 -weasyprint==57.1 +tqdm==4.66.1 +typer==0.9.0 +typing_extensions==4.8.0 +tzlocal==5.2 +uritools==4.0.2 +urllib3==2.1.0 +wasabi==1.1.2 +weasel==0.3.4 webencodings==0.5.1 -xhtml2pdf==0.2.11 -zopfli==0.2.2 +xhtml2pdf==0.2.13 diff --git a/search_tfidf/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc b/search_tfidf/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..852aefd Binary files /dev/null and b/search_tfidf/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc differ diff --git a/search_tfidf/__pycache__/admin.cpython-38.pyc b/search_tfidf/__pycache__/admin.cpython-38.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb195ae Binary files /dev/null and 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b/search_tfidf/elasticSearch.py @@ -1,6 +1,4 @@ -from django.shortcuts import render from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch -import os def build_search_query(phrase, min_score): diff --git a/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/0001_initial.cpython-38.pyc b/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/0001_initial.cpython-38.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e9a4df Binary files /dev/null and b/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/0001_initial.cpython-38.pyc differ diff --git a/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/0002_alter_standards_revision.cpython-38.pyc b/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/0002_alter_standards_revision.cpython-38.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68e6441 Binary files /dev/null and b/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/0002_alter_standards_revision.cpython-38.pyc differ diff --git a/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc b/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1cfd27d Binary files /dev/null and b/search_tfidf/migrations/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-38.pyc differ diff --git a/search_tfidf/models.py b/search_tfidf/models.py index 9d7dfbe..e69de29 100644 --- a/search_tfidf/models.py +++ b/search_tfidf/models.py @@ -1,76 +0,0 @@ -from django.db import models - -# Create your models here. -class Level(models.Model): - levelNumber = models.IntegerField() - levelName = models.CharField(max_length=200) - levelColor = models.CharField(max_length=10, default='#000000') - - def __str__(self): - return str(self.levelNumber) - -class Standards(models.Model): - standardFile = models.FileField(blank=True, null=True) #, upload_to="iddrs2/static/IDDRSStandards" - standardLevel = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - standardTitle = models.CharField(max_length=200) - standardNumber = models.CharField(max_length=10) - standardPath = models.CharField(max_length=200,blank=True,null=True) - revision = models.BooleanField(default=0) - paragraph = models.TextField(blank=True,null=True) - levelID = models.ForeignKey(Level, on_delete=models.CASCADE, blank=True, null=True) - - def __str__(self): - return self.standardNumber - -class SearchResults(models.Model): - session_key = models.CharField(max_length=17,blank=True, null=True) - uniqueID = models.CharField(max_length=200,blank=True, null=True) - session_expiry_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True) - score = models.FloatField(blank=True, null=True) - index = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - level = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - levelName = models.CharField(max_length=200) - title = models.CharField(max_length=200) - paragraph = models.TextField(blank=True,null=True) - color = models.CharField(max_length=10) - module = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading1 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading2 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading3 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading4 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - pageNumber = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - sentence = models.CharField(max_length=500,blank=True,null=True) - shall = models.BooleanField(default=False) - should = models.BooleanField(default=False) - may = models.BooleanField(default=False) - must = models.BooleanField(default=False) - can = models.BooleanField(default=False) - - def __str__(self): - return self.heading1 - -class FilteredResults(models.Model): - session_key = models.CharField(max_length=17,blank=True, null=True) - uniqueID = models.CharField(max_length=200,blank=True, null=True) - session_expiry_date = models.DateField(blank=True, null=True) - index = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - level = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - levelName = models.CharField(max_length=200) - title = models.CharField(max_length=200) - paragraph = models.TextField(blank=True,null=True) - color = models.CharField(max_length=10) - module = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading1 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading2 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading3 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - heading4 = models.CharField(max_length=200) - pageNumber = models.IntegerField(blank=True, null=True) - sentence = models.CharField(max_length=500,blank=True,null=True) - shall = models.BooleanField(default=False) - should = models.BooleanField(default=False) - may = models.BooleanField(default=False) - must = models.BooleanField(default=False) - can = models.BooleanField(default=False) - - def __str__(self): - return self.heading1 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search_tfidf/serializer.py b/search_tfidf/serializer.py deleted file mode 100644 index 63e0654..0000000 --- a/search_tfidf/serializer.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -from rest_framework import serializers -from .models import Level, Standards - -class LevelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): - class Meta: - model = Level - fields = '__all__' - -class StandardsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): - class Meta: - model = Standards - fields = '__all__' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search_tfidf/tfidfSearch.py b/search_tfidf/tfidfSearch.py deleted file mode 100644 index 241c6e4..0000000 --- a/search_tfidf/tfidfSearch.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,116 +0,0 @@ -'''This is a Python script that reads data from a JSON file, performs cosine similarity - analysis on the data based on a given phrase, and outputs the results as another JSON file. ''' - -'''The script imports necessary modules including pandas, numpy, sklearn, nltk, itemgetter, json, and os.''' - -import pandas as pd -from pathlib import Path -import os -import json - -import numpy as np -import numpy.linalg as LA - -from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer -from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfTransformer -from nltk.corpus import stopwords - -from operator import itemgetter - - -'''A list of stop words is created using the nltk.corpus.stopwords module.''' -stopWords = stopwords.words('english') - -'''The CountVectorizer and TfidfTransformer objects are instantiated -from the sklearn.feature_extraction.text module.''' -vectorizer = CountVectorizer(stop_words = stopWords) -transformer = TfidfTransformer() - -'''The BASE_DIR variable is assigned the absolute path of the parent directory of the current file.''' -BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent - -'''The readfile() function reads a JSON file and returns a Pandas DataFrame object containing the data.''' -def readfile(): - processedData = pd.read_json(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/searchable/data2.json')) - df = pd.DataFrame(processedData) - return df - -'''The cosine_similarity() function takes in two arguments: -a phrase and a Boolean value indicating whether the phrase refers to a title of a module or a sentence.''' -def cosine_similarity(phrase, title): - '''The function reads data from the JSON file using the readfile() function, - extracts the relevant column containing sentences or titles depending on the value of the Boolean input, - and calculates the cosine similarity score between the input phrase and each sentence or title in the data - using the CountVectorizer and TfidfTransformer objects.''' - - data = readfile() - docs = list() - if title == True: - docs = data['Module'].tolist() - else: - docs = data['Sentence'].tolist() - - query = [phrase] - - trainVectorizerArray = vectorizer.fit_transform(docs).toarray() - testVectorizerArray = vectorizer.transform(query).toarray() - - cx = lambda a, b : round(np.inner(a, b)/(LA.norm(a)*LA.norm(b)), 6) - - cosine_scores = [] - for i, vector in enumerate(trainVectorizerArray): - for testV in testVectorizerArray: - cosine = cx(vector, testV) - cosine_scores.append((i, cosine)) - - '''The resulting cosine similarity scores are sorted in descending order and filtered to remove scores less than 0.2.''' - cosine_scores.sort(key=itemgetter(1),reverse=True) - filtered_cosine_scores = list(filter(lambda x: x[1] > 0.2, cosine_scores)) - - '''A new Pandas DataFrame is created to store the filtered results. - This DataFrame contains several columns extracted from the original data - based on the index of the highest cosine similarity score for each sentence or title.''' - paragraphIDs = [] - dff = pd.DataFrame(columns=['Score','Index', 'Paragraph', 'Color', 'Level', 'LevelName', - 'Title', 'Module', 'PageNum', 'Heading1', 'Heading2', 'Heading3', 'Heading4', 'Sentence','Shall','Should','May','Must','Can']) - - for result in filtered_cosine_scores: - if data['ParagraphID'].iloc[result[0]] in paragraphIDs: - pass - else: - dff.loc[result[0], 'Score'] = result[1] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Index'] = result[0] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Level'] = data['Level'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'LevelName'] = data['LevelName'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Title'] = data['Title'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Paragraph'] = data['Paragraph'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Color'] = data['Color'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Module'] = data['Module'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Heading1'] =data['Heading1'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Heading2'] =data['Heading2'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Heading3'] =data['Heading3'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Heading4'] =data['Heading4'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'PageNum'] =data['PageNum'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Sentence'] =data['Sentence'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Shall'] =data['Shall'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Should'] =data['Should'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'May'] =data['May'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Must'] =data['Must'].iloc[result[0]] - dff.loc[result[0], 'Can'] =data['Can'].iloc[result[0]] - - paragraphIDs.append(data['ParagraphID'].iloc[result[0]]) - - '''The DataFrame is sorted based on the level of the paragraph (Level column) - and the cosine similarity score (Score column) in ascending and descending order respectively.''' - dff['Level'] = pd.Categorical(dff.Level, categories=[2,4,5,6,3]) - dff = dff.sort_values(['Level','Score'], ascending=[True, False]) - - '''The resulting DataFrame is converted to a JSON object and written to a new JSON file named after the input phrase.''' - results = dff.reset_index().to_json(orient ='records') - results = json.loads(results) - - #with open(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media/usersResults/'+phrase+'.json'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: - # json.dump(results, f, ensure_ascii=True, indent=4) - - '''The results are returned from the function.''' - return results \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search_tfidf/urls.py b/search_tfidf/urls.py index 3b32167..2ce4e76 100644 --- a/search_tfidf/urls.py +++ b/search_tfidf/urls.py @@ -1,11 +1,8 @@ from django.urls import path, include from rest_framework import routers -from .views import LevelViewSet, StandardsViewSet from . import views router = routers.DefaultRouter() -router.register(r'levels', LevelViewSet) -router.register(r'standards', StandardsViewSet) urlpatterns = [ diff --git a/search_tfidf/views.py b/search_tfidf/views.py index 2d94a5e..5829852 100644 --- a/search_tfidf/views.py +++ b/search_tfidf/views.py @@ -1,35 +1,15 @@ from django.shortcuts import render -from rest_framework import viewsets -from .models import Level, Standards -from .serializer import LevelSerializer, StandardsSerializer from django.http import JsonResponse from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt import json -from .tfidfSearch import cosine_similarity from .elasticSearch import eSearch from rest_framework.decorators import api_view -from pathlib import Path -import os -from django.template.loader import render_to_string -from weasyprint import HTML from django.http import HttpResponse -from django.views.generic import View -from io import BytesIO from django.template.loader import get_template from xhtml2pdf import pisa -# Create your views here. - -class LevelViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): - queryset = Level.objects.all() - serializer_class = LevelSerializer - -class StandardsViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): - queryset = Standards.objects.all() - serializer_class = StandardsSerializer - # get the submetted search phrase from the front-end @csrf_exempt def get_input(request): @@ -42,7 +22,7 @@ def get_input(request): print(phrase) if phrase[0] == '"' and phrase[-1] == '"': phrase = phrase[1:-1] - searchResults = cosine_similarity(phrase, title=True) + searchResults = eSearch(phrase) return JsonResponse({"message": "Data received", "results":searchResults}) else: diff --git a/static/data/data.json b/static/data/data.json index 2b4c3c9..34b5a22 100644 --- a/static/data/data.json +++ b/static/data/data.json @@ -1,2248 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "e0411707-58af-45f4-8d54-51797c0b6318", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Contents Summary 1. Module scope and objectives 2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR 4. The UN DDR approach 5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings \t5.1 DDR in mission settings \t5.2 DDR in non-mission settings 6. When is DDR appropriate? 6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place 6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place 7. Who is DDR for? 8. What principles guide UN DDR? 8.1 Voluntary 8.2 People-centred 8.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive 8.4 Conflict sensitive 8.5 Context specific 8.6 Flexible, sustainable and transparent 8.7 Nationally and locally owned 8.8 Regionally supported 8.9 Integrated 8.10 Well planned Annex A: Abbreviations", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "a4992c53-e575-4ad1-96ad-f020fdd2e133", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary\t Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peacebuilding and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: DDR programmes; DDR-related tools; Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors. The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability. Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and/or local ownership and other peacebuilding measures. Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peacebuilding activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict. Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects. Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: 1)\tmembers of armed forces and groups who served in combat and/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); 2)\tabductees or victims; 3)\tdependents/families; 4)\tcivilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; 5)\tcommunity members. In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security. Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones. In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards. The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools. DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes. The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability. Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "52af1e84-5299-44f3-a82c-6a4d0a55cd1e", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives\t This module outlines the reasons behind integrated DDR, defines the elements that make up DDR programmes as agreed by the UN General Assembly, and establishes how the UN views integrated DDR processes. The module also defines the UN approach to integrated DDR for both mission and non-mission settings, which is: voluntary; people-centred; gender-responsive and inclusive; conflict-sensitive; context-specific; flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally and locally owned; regionally supported; integrated; and well planned.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "df526c52-47a6-4218-970f-e9841ff60977", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation. A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A/C.5/59/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A/RES/59/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards. Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "d6db000e-5d82-4efd-b1fa-4edd36853ab1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A/55/305; S/2000/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. Integrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is focused on the promotion of peaceful, just and inclusive societies. Specifically, integrated DDR contributes to the implementation of: SDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. SDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. SDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026 secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. Gender-responsive DDR also contributes to: SDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. SDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. SDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights. The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A/71/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201d Moreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes. In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the\u00a0International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the\u00a0United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the\u00a0United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities. \tAt the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice. The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes. Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for women\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "421be60a-f6a3-488d-b05b-8c2291e97a18", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4. The UN DDR approach\t The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government. The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones. The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility. It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism. In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools. DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes. The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations. In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities. Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levels.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "369b63e4-437e-4ecd-b4e5-98606d1eba64", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s. During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes. Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance. UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "ba9339cd-a86d-480c-a660-c4f9e50a5b09", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "5.1 DDR in mission settings Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and resolve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General. Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process. Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG/HC/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR. While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise. In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "cfc5272d-44bc-4a45-a7df-3d5f150d3bc1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.2 DDR in non-mission settings Non-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and/or UN RC requests assistance. The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential. Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f52e2f3e-3f68-441e-aa39-87dd1388161f", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "6. When is DDR appropriate? Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "e7f9effd-f546-4481-98d8-8a4421e5a2f3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.) Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "afb9bd7c-1647-4376-be0b-c2bd64d4cb32", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place When the preconditions are in place, the UN may support the establishment of DDR programmes. Other DDR-related tools can also be implemented before, after or alongside DDR programmes, as complementary measures (see table above). The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: The disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. The rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. The repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). While DDR programmes are primarily used to address the security challenges posed by members of armed forces and groups, provisions should be made for the inclusion of other groups (including civilians and youth at risk), depending on resources and local circumstances. National institutions should be supported to determine the policy on direct benefits and reintegration assistance during a DDR programme. Civilians and civil society groups in communities to which members of the abovementioned groups will return should be consulted during the planning and design phase of DDR programmes, as well as informed and supported in order to assist them to receive ex-combatants and their dependents/families during the reintegration phase.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "effce415-7ad1-4f91-bfd2-2963d1253688", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "7. Who is DDR for? Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: 1)\tmembers of armed forces and groups who served in combat and/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); 2)\tabductees/victims; 3)\tdependents/families; 4)\tcivilian returnees/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; 5)\tcommunity members. Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories. National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "55241941-4b0b-4cc8-bf5a-b93620907096", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8. What principles guide UN DDR? All UN DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support shall be voluntary, people-centred, gender-responsive and inclusive, conflict sensitive, context specific, flexible, accountable and transparent, nationally and locally owned, regionally supported, integrated and well planned.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f696b32e-7dad-4785-a3bb-7e0f44b85a72", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.1 Voluntary Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress. Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "bd8ffabb-f5b8-43ab-9ed2-d5c6032ab935", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "8.2.1. Criteria for participation/eligibility Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees/victims or dependents/families. In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2014 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "83167a56-ac6a-42b4-862a-64fd42813a59", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "704dbd5a-0709-4079-a3f4-940e6b1d9803", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR. Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN's Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and/or exclude individuals from DDR. Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and/or transitional justice mechanisms. Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "e3f04360-4211-47c0-98e8-e14b447fe950", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2014 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR). Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group. It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "e772bbd4-fc98-44a7-9ae3-db5b41d9b5a9", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 22, - "Paragraph": "8.4 Conflict sensitive \u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "2e266cf8-5370-4857-b40d-4e9e13772906", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 22, - "Paragraph": "8.5 Context specific Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities. DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics. All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account. The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "5372bd4e-3762-4d7a-b6ec-3487ddc98349", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 22, - "Paragraph": "8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "3d121eea-581f-45da-87b4-bb56adce7af2", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.6.2 Accountability and transparency In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable. The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processes. Although DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "186b4be7-8b1b-4d7a-adcd-5577fe7cb033", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 24, - "Paragraph": "8.7. Nationally and locally owned Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners. In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts. National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes. As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness. In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "3cced4cd-3c8e-4e33-8da2-dfd2f9f912d4", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 24, - "Paragraph": "8.8 Regionally supported The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects. The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "97b1314a-0d6f-45ce-b7c9-368eb92e34a7", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.9. Integrated From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players. It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives. Joint assessments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner. DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "2f112f0c-5111-4326-8518-e4e38e73c7f7", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.10.1. Safety and security Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities. These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities. Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and/or a UN police component or national police and security forces. Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and/or operations, should security risks be too high.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "ad2d73ac-9e3d-47b1-82f6-4a01bcda3cda", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 25, - "Paragraph": "8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "51db6960-3ec5-4706-a488-d6fa0b4039be", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.10.3. Public information and community sensitization Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits. The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-combatants and war-affected communities. Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "444d3fa0-3760-445c-a643-1657b7127142", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 26, - "Paragraph": "8.10.4. Transition and exit strategies While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form. DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management. Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development. To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction. Annex A: Abbreviations A4P\t\tAction for Peacekeeping CEDAW\tConvention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CVR\t\tcommunity violence reduction HIPPO\t\tHigh-Level Independent Panel of Peace Operations HRDDP\tHuman Rights Due Diligence Policy HRP\t\tHumanitarian Response Plan NWoW\t\tNew Way of Working PBF\t\tPeacebuilding Fund SDGs\t\tSustainable Development Goals SSR\t\tsecurity sector reform UDHR\t\tUniversal Declaration of Human Rights UNCT\t\tUN Country Team UN DSRSG\tUN Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General UN HC\t\tUN Humanitarian Coordinator UN RC\t\tUN Resident Coordinator UNSDCF\tUN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework WAM\t\tweapons and ammunition management", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "cfa89d8f-a090-4845-9d49-b076dafdc377", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Contents Summary 1. Module scope and objectives 2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3. Introduction 4. General guiding principles 4.1 Mandate 4.2 Normative legal framework 4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework 4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures 4.5 Status, privileges and immunities Annex A: Abbreviations Endnotes", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "86adcb66-2161-49c2-8db9-d6f33466034a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts. In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks. This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "990a4eb0-f76f-41bd-849c-fcbe908813a0", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 2, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations. This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately. This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f4182401-3fd9-4432-ab38-e93091b2ae3a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 2, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation. This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019. For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources, which has to be complied\u00a0with by the DDR practitioner.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "1ce15b8a-c46e-4594-be69-b674e93b1338", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 3, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken. In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs. In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.\u00a0 DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles. Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "2deed1a3-57e9-49b4-968e-9d88ca2c8b07", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4. General guiding principles IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "671bcd4d-404c-425f-9e7f-ab4a5ac0399a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.1 Mandates As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution. Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates. In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities. Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ. In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake. If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists. DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ). Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9b7e4a0b-2b9a-4d3b-8b4a-d1fb3a1108cc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.2 Normative legal framework DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation. This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019. UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "5208a2ff-378e-48f2-83b9-c0402a6a4857", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.1 International humanitarian law International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts. The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977). There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developed. Article 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial. Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST/SGB/1999/13, sect. 1.1). In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2013 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place. IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. Red lines Participation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "917b36b9-29c6-4850-9879-d977f50474dd", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 7, - "Paragraph": "4.2.2 International human rights law Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced. Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency. The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC). While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times. The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards. Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility. Red lines DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "979ea40e-9d72-4907-ada9-386de33fc945", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons i. International refugee law International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (the \u20181951 Convention\u2019) establishes the rights and duties of refugees, and the obligations of States to such persons, including the prohibition of forced repatriation of asylum seekers and refugees (the principle of non-refoulement). While the UN is not a party to the 1951 Convention, it provides relevant standards to guide its operations (ST/SGB/1999/13). The Convention is both a status- and rights-based instrument and is founded upon a number of fundamental principles, most notably non-discrimination, non-penalization for illegal entry or presence, and non-refoulement. A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution. However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants. During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available. Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation. ii. The principle of non-refoulement The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk. In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected. Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located. While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR. In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance. As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees. iii. Internally displaced persons Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out. Red lines DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "27c34986-40db-4d3e-b4bb-2bb2499fdfdc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context. National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes. In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide; (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population; (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence; and (4) the crime of aggression. The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties and customary international law). Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law. Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes. Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.\u00a0 The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out. Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes.\u00a0However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.\u00a0 It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6. The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and/or national accountability and/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "3c7a9963-a1b4-4899-ac7a-b34437d42891", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes DDR processes may be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. In particular, the fact that an individual or a group has been designated by a Security Council Sanctions Committee may have implications for their eligibility to participate in DDR processes, or their potential integration into the national security sector (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). Sanctions pertaining to the counter-terrorism framework are discussed further in section 4.2.6(iii). For additional information on the Security Council sanction regimes, please refer to: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/information. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, if any, targeting individuals, groups and entities in the State in which they are operating. DDR practitioners shall take particular note of arms embargo measures, which may restrict the options available for the disposal of arms, ammunition and related material collected during the implementation of disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR practitioners should be aware of individuals, groups and entities listed by the Security Council under its sanctions regimes, in particular when conducting screening for eligibility for participation in DDR processes, or when providing any financial support to DDR participants. Legal advice should be sought if in doubt. 4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019 The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments, which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights law. Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts, including with respect to: Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters. Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure and Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals. While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing. The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: A Security Council resolution or One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a party. DDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party. Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation. There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons. As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive. The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework. Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme. Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S/2018/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S/2015/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014). Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.\u00a0 In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation. Member States\u2019 listings may be premised upon an expansive definition of terrorism that may go beyond the terrorist acts described in either Security Council resolutions 1373 (2001) or 2178 (2014) or in any of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments. DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019. Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization. Red line Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "a24f487b-abed-4e70-87da-55745aac04c1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.7 International arms control framework The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to\u00a0control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles. Specific guiding principles In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9d975e8b-975a-4483-a278-8655d0736549", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State. In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations. For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: Length of pre-trial detention; Due process rights; Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and Criminal penalties. Similarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work. For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedoms. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessary. Red line DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "69458973-fba1-4e57-97d8-4a637c4da62b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures. Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance. The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A/67/775-S/2013/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP. The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and courses. Red line Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "da896f19-231d-4b3d-bac8-f248328af9d8", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "4.5 Status, privileges and immunities Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d. These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019). Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel. As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country. Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country. Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel. With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts. Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN. Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds. The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located. Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST/SGB/2007/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential. Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed. In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities. In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities. Red lines DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity).", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "86733877-5431-4a5a-8586-9a4891ae682a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "CAT\tConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CEDAW\tConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CONOPS\tconcept of operations CPRD\tConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CRC\tConvention on the Rights of the Child HRDDP\tHuman Rights Due Diligence Policy ICC\tInternational Criminal Court ICCPR\tInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR\tInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICPPED\tInternational Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance IDPs\tinternally displaced persons IHL\tinternational humanitarian law SBAA\tStandard Basic Assistance Agreement SOFA\tStatus-of-Forces Agreement SOMA\tStatus-of-Mission Agreement SOPS\tstandard operating procedures TJ\ttransitional justice UDHR\tUniversal Declaration of Human Rights", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "d3f824cf-615a-4db3-aa48-e455bdcd4e02", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakeholders (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and regional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict. Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportionality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account. DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agreements. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be implemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and management of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities. DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or whether local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach. Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interventions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "864a0fd3-8bf7-43a7-97fb-b93f26ae97c6", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives This module introduces the political dynamics of DDR and provides an overview of how to analyse and better understand them so as to develop politically sensitive DDR processes. It discusses the role of DDR practitioners in the negotiation of local and national peace agreements, the role of transitional and final security arrangements, and how practitioners may work to generate political will for DDR among warring parties. Finally, this chapter discusses the transformation of armed groups into political parties and the political dynamics of DDR in active conflict settings.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9a62f04a-71ac-4ad4-8d70-21b0d49c894b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 3, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "a672a29c-3bb0-4289-8b86-79e5c98045b6", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels. In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local-level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from ceasefire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being represented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties. DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a conflict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment. The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "8634bbe7-da9a-4768-8289-bd3fb2886b26", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4. Guiding principles IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the political dynamics of DDR:", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "07ed39e2-1411-490e-ab0e-18d2f8981d16", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.1 People-centred A people-centred approach shall be followed. This approach must take into account the needs and positions of all stakeholders (Government, armed and unarmed opposition, the population and the international community) in a sensitive manner and seek to understand and accommodate them.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "f6bbc2cc-7d6f-4351-aa34-ece904b147b3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive DDR processes shall be gender-responsive and -inclusive, and at all stages take into account the gender dimensions of peace processes and conflict resolution. DDR practitioners shall advance substantive gender equality before, during and after conflict and ensure that women\u2019s diverse experiences are fully integrated into all peacebuilding, peacemaking and reconstruction processes.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "4a9ba503-895e-4c7e-b7bd-6f23cb834ea2", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.3 Flexible, accountable and transparent Accountability, transparency and flexibility shall be maintained not only when holding stakeholders to their commitments, but also when ensuring that the process designed is appropriate for the context in which it is to be implemented.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "552ad34f-2114-41c6-ae38-e358a3f49940", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "4.4 Integrated It is essential to encourage unity of effort in the analysis, design and implementation of politically sensitive DDR processes. This emphasis must start with ensuring that those negotiating a peace agreement are properly advised so as to reach technically sound agreements and to integrate DDR processes with other relevant parts of the peace process.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "910888d4-8809-4fc7-bd67-3e9fe9d4218c", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.1 Contextual considerations To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process. In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested/mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contextual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "0593c1b2-f020-40f2-831e-a013034ddee3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "5.1.1 The political and historical context Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowledge of the historical and political context. A summary of relevant factors to consider can be found in Table 1 below. Table 1: Factors That Influence DDR Processes", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "556c3d94-2272-4b7b-80ca-1b94e9fec206", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "5.1.2 The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles. As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: Political \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. Social \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. Economic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. Security driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or perceived threat. Cultural/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. Religious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. Material \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. Opportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above. It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s political and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the organization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a population, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weakened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential individuals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or institutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and/or armed groups. External support: Are there regional and/or broader international actors or networks that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9b536f6e-0c84-4da8-9b43-4eab1ab0711f", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 8, - "Paragraph": "5.1.3 Conflict outcomes The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018impose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one targeted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrimination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of conflict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR-related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agreements can be unrealistic. Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non-signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "ec6bdcee-9933-44ff-967f-2d4f78ba8909", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of traditional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed. In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from communities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate foreign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the confluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory movements may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives. The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific interests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific outcome. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "1ab91177-b34e-4ee7-9bd0-598e90e5ab7c", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics? In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "00f90ddf-fcbc-4efc-8245-ce75909c95fc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 10, - "Paragraph": "6. Fostering political support for DDR Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be taken to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f405ac3f-8fcf-41af-b2de-6ca7bd7a8ecc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 10, - "Paragraph": "6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportunity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system. Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re-absorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented. DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agendas through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures. The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office. For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections. The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime command structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR process could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "4ac4ed2c-d10e-472a-9ef6-d3df97ba01c0", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 11, - "Paragraph": "6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to undertake a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combatants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transitional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender-responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "139eaf22-c1bf-439d-8526-8383b7e34bc1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 11, - "Paragraph": "6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of understanding and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process. Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can undermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the decision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and mediation so that one does not undermine the other.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "c381ac71-c566-47f2-b895-ce36e08a68be", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR Although the negotiating parties may not need to know the details of a DDR process when they sign a peace agreement, they should have a shared understanding of the principles and outcomes of the DDR process and how this will be implemented. It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and protections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful discussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In contexts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes. The capacity-building and provision of expertise extends to the mediation teams and international supporters of the peace process (envoys, mediators, facilitators, sponsors and donors) who must have access to experts who can guide them in designing appropriate DDR provisions.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "14e12795-8cb2-4aaf-8fe2-c254393a91aa", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR International actors, including the UN, Member States and other concerned stakeholders must understand the need to politically support DDR processes. They must also ensure that the agreements reached are responsive to the parties\u2019 demands, fair and implementable, and create a supportive environment for DDR. Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expensive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is available for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "549663a7-e55c-4c42-ac71-19f90b707ab1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "7.1 Local peace agreements Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups. These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy. A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN. Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and mediation processes.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "5e752f16-d4a8-40e0-a766-20d8a0b70273", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements There are usually two types of agreements that are negotiated during a national-level peace process: preliminary ceasefires and CPAs.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "96ed4cb3-78c6-4ab7-a907-f7408e09cdbe", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "7.2.1 Preliminary ceasefires In some cases, preliminary ceasefires may be agreed to prior to a final agreement. These aim to create a more conducive environment for talks to take place. DDR provisions are not included in such agreements.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "60304c12-ac43-4efd-a68c-154c406934af", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. Diagram 1: Security arrangements and other issues in a comprehensive peace agreement The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5). Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for monitoring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registration of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration. Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide information as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present. In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA. Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "7ee38369-d2ee-4126-8d35-e4a424fbbe06", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 15, - "Paragraph": "7.3 DDR support to mediation As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Representative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes. In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women , youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution. Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around language and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reintegration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammunition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Mediators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions. Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation. If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national. Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agreements that include provisions for DDR.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9a60ee3a-3f6d-4332-8e0e-e7853630d5bf", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 16, - "Paragraph": "7.3.1 Peace mediation and gender Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including, inter alia: (a) The special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction; (b) Measures that support local women\u2019s peace initiatives and indigenous processes for conflict resolution, and that involve women in all of the implementation mechanisms of the peace agreements; (c) Measures that ensure the protection of and respect for human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "90292e6b-c754-4ae7-8de8-9b98b500c012", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 16, - "Paragraph": "7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met. Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing. Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "6e2eae41-4726-480a-903d-54b455f9316d", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 17, - "Paragraph": "7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrangements. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are unlikely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mechanism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "c1e74135-1a69-41fd-820e-d3b5967748ec", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 17, - "Paragraph": "7.5.1 Transitional security Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the communities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor. Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security provider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "957ffb8f-10a3-48d4-907e-f11352de89a3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 17, - "Paragraph": "7.5.2 Final security arrangements DDR programmes are usually considered to be part of the CPA\u2019s provisions on final security arrangements. These seek to address the final status of signatories to the CPA through DDR, SSR, restructuring of security governance institutions and other related reforms.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "1f30ffff-dd0e-445e-bf7c-e8f08bb83412", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "7.5.3 Verification Verification measures are used to ensure that the parties comply with an agreement. Verification is usually carried out by inclusive, neutral or joint bodies. The latter often include the parties and an impartial actor (such as the UN or local parties acceptable to all sides) that can help resolve disagreements. Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "31372dd1-5f89-43a4-bb7f-a784b90182b1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.1 Recognizing the political dynamics of DDR DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels. In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section. It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes. In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the responsibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "ce5b079c-ae73-40b4-a852-65f0170fa786", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "8.2 DDR-related tools A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level stabilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "9f869eb7-4dae-4ee1-b1b2-51a835b5b65e", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "8.3 DDR programmes If designed properly, DDR programmes and pre-DDR can reduce parties\u2019 concerns about disbanding their fighting forces and losing political and military advantage. The following political sensitivities should be taken into account:", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "cfc48586-44d3-4550-a1cf-1922409bc481", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.3.1 Political optics The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party. Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "0413afca-0ae0-4bca-a9aa-f3423af4bb75", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disarmament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups. Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "30063bb1-256a-47b5-ab22-4b852d1ec710", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; Pre-DDR activities; Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.\t\t\t Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization. Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles. Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "86a00d73-7e73-4919-a631-be53daba3365", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end. DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out. There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credibility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is completed can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "f47bde26-ce3a-4504-93fd-7785ab937382", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 21, - "Paragraph": "Annex A: Abbreviations CAAFG \tchildren associated with armed forces and groups CBM\tconfidence-building measures CDA\tconflict and development analysis CPA \tComprehensive Peace Agreement CVR\tcommunity violence reduction DSRSG \tDeputy Special Representative to the Secretary-General NGO\tnon-governmental organization PDA\tpeace and development advisors SRSG\tSpecial Representative to the Secretary-General SSR \tsecurity sector reform UNCT\tUnited Nations Country Team UN RC\tUnited Nations Resident Coordinator UNSDCF\tUnited Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework WAAFG \twomen associated with armed forces and groups WAM\tweapons and ammunition management", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f86654ac-5c3c-48d4-9306-3b3e5379bc8d", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes increasingly include a community violence reduction (CVR) component as a direct contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related deaths everywhere. As outlined in the United Nations (UN) approach to DDR, CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups, and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups. In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist, CVR may be pursued before, during, and after a DDR programme. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). CVR may also be pursued when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. In this context, CVR can contribute to security and stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. There is no uniform or standard template for CVR, although all CVR programmes share the overarching goal of reducing armed violence and sustaining peace (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). CVR can be used for a variety of purposes, ranging from the prevention of (re-)recruitment to improving the capacities of communities to absorb ex-combatants and associated groups. CVR may also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance at the community level, while reintegration is still at the planning and/or resource mobilization stage. Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be developed and adapted to particular contexts. However, very often an underlying expectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will foster social cohesion and provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives to joining armed groups. As a result, communities will become active participants in the reduction of armed violence. While CVR can achieve significant results, it is neither a short-term panacea nor a long-term development programme. Adequate linkages with recovery and development programmes are therefore key. CVR programmes may complement other elements of the broader DDR process. For example, CVR can complement other DDR-related tools such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management), and can be used as part of programmes for those leaving armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). In mission settings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, where appropriate, planning for CVR should ensure adequate linkages with support to the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR will depend on the allocation of national budgets and/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to community-based reintegration are both envisaged, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "25cadb53-2cfa-4545-83cb-207bfeb3ceb0", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives This module sets out the basic conceptual and strategic parameters of CVR and its place within integrated DDR processes. It also outlines the principles and programmatic considerations that should guide the design, planning and implementation of CVR.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "8f4286c0-9857-4ec2-9483-28829507e9c3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 3, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation. CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC/PRC. (See below.) All project selection should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. Project Approval/Review Committee (PAC/PRC): A PAC/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC/PRC members for consideration. The PAC/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "e8cb78dc-8b87-454c-8b55-d6acd37072fa", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups. CVR programmes have a variety of uses. In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from engaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), particularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and/or resource mobilization stage; Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards constructive activities; Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and/or sexual or gender-based violence; and Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants. CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: Weapons and ammunition management; Labour-intensive short-term employment; Vocational/skills training and job employment; Infrastructure improvement; Community security and police rapprochement; Educational outreach and social mobilization; Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; Civic education; and Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising programmes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response. Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth. All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues. Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular contexts. However, very often an underlying expectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strategies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, community members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to intervene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence. By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms. CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence. CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the process of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruitment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "d1be26a8-8e15-48a8-9db7-af38e0885396", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "4. Guiding principles IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to CVR:", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "02f9cf85-ec70-4613-88d4-26f6bb328ab7", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "4.2 Criteria for participation/eligibility The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target communities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent manner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of community tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who participate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for participation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signatory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further information on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "6e5c2ad2-339f-4ca2-91cd-4616788dcae3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.3 Unconditional release and protection of children Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activities, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for. Mental health and psychosocial support services as well as social services should be established, as appropriate, in consultation with relevant child protection units and agencies (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "942337cf-5a32-4505-83f1-a29f1b44e5bd", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.4 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance CVR does not reward those who have engaged in violent behaviours for their past activities, but rather invests in individuals and communities that actively renounce past violent behaviour and that are looking for a productive and peaceful future. CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "a916282c-c504-43f1-80a1-14cfb01bcc19", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorporate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence. In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u00b4s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners have introduced quota systems requiring a minimum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and explained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person. CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international human rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination. CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that promote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key feature of social cohesion.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "79ecfb0c-ec5a-4d82-9ace-087515cdf5fc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 7, - "Paragraph": "4.6 Conflict sensitive In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and create problems if they feel they are not adequately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "7bdeebc1-2f84-41b0-a724-e6a5a32810f4", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 7, - "Paragraph": "4.7 Context specific There is no single template for CVR, and the vast diversity of CVR programmes is by design: form follows function. As a practice area, CVR is continuing to evolve in both mission and non-mission settings. Whether implemented through the UN or through national and community-based non-governmental organizations, CVR can adapt and change over time, even in a single context.", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "30706e65-74fa-48e2-a2ba-e8f86c3ec345", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 8, - "Paragraph": "4.8 Nationally and locally owned CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil society capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities. Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular community should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected communities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, private and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private-sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers. CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitoring and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institutions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society. DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local economic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "2d78f0ef-0cd2-42e9-8002-5cad9e28242b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 8, - "Paragraph": "4.9 Integrated CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predictable direction is essential. CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR programmes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complementarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "441a199c-5b29-4c1d-a2f3-42e8bcef80a3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.10 Well planned CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and applied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-disaggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to relevant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "6ee0936d-0527-48d8-b118-fa07d5262108", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 9, - "Paragraph": "5. The role of CVR within a DDR process DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common understanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible relationship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical. The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sexual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "2f1d8112-2bf1-4d84-a0d1-6ac17fea2999", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 10, - "Paragraph": "5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.) TABLE 1. CVR BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER A DDR PROGRAMME \t CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and consequent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups. CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated. Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population. CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme. Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthening reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission settings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to community-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below. TABLE 2. DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN REINSERTION AND CVR CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For example, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "73e05dd7-bb17-4487-b273-09aa214a660c", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) TABLE 3: CVR IN THE ABSENCE OF A DDR PROGRAMME CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is conducive to the signing of a peace agreement. It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative measures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR). Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individuals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR programmes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "51984c77-5e24-43c8-9d97-66cdd04f02a9", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 14, - "Paragraph": "5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be\u00a0in line\u00a0with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to promote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to support national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of participation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility. DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition collected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "c9d1840a-f15b-4bef-a441-948ecd737f4f", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 15, - "Paragraph": "6. CVR programming The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engagement. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end. At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider national, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating community demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "efc883bb-0628-4e7d-b14c-873e93f4fae6", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 15, - "Paragraph": "6.1 CVR Strategy and Coordination Mechanisms In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strategic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets. CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised targets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems. While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and development priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sustainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant international and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy. Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frameworks may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, integrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and adequately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and priorities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development priorities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged. A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are highlighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society. Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. A Project Approval/Review Committee (PAC/PRC): A PAC/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC/PRC members for consideration. The PAC/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas. When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduction) should be favourably considered. PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC. PAC/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approving CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN entities. These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet project partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and updated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings. TABLE 4. CVR PROJECT SELECTION AND APPROVAL PROCESSES", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "23bc9686-af6c-4758-9a05-408801b4f80b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "6.2 CVR in Mission and Non-Mission Settings If the priority is for rapid delivery or if local government and non-government capacities are weak, then agreed-upon CVR responses should be administered directly by the UN. However, the UN may also work indirectly, by supporting local partners.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "945e9105-371c-4948-af9a-7e47d6f476ad", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and/or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific programming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR/CVR section should align CVR strategic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role. Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior representatives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of programming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale. The DDR/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular communication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities. The DDR/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC/PRC. In this event, the PAC/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appropriate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites. Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "bb7bf03e-ecd3-43a5-b389-7def0f0d121a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "6.2.2 Non-Mission Settings In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed violence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR-related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities. In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "afb33f01-dc6d-463e-a753-417e12d215d3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "6.3 Assessments In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that violence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. Conflict context analysis. A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. An assessment of local market conditions. The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support. Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess government, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "512ed569-436a-44e1-aa19-5bfc6513fb91", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 21, - "Paragraph": "6.4 Target groups and locations The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and Consultations with UN senior management. DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and/or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2). Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the identification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. The PAC/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees. Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to outbreaks of violence and/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "eadda1f3-533c-4994-844d-b9675d3460cd", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 21, - "Paragraph": "6.5 Types of projects There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and/or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective implementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays. A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agricultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconciliation), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-combatants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, management and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects. TABLE 5. GENERIC TYPOLOGY OF CVR PROJECTS \t * In mission contexts, these activities should take place in close coordination with mission components and specialized UN agencies, funds and programmes. The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demographic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace process (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geographic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific religious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing partners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly. Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also include a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provisions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capacities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "ec672c11-48bf-4534-88d7-d9b86c7d8ac9", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "6.6 Partnerships and implementation CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective partners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and international agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible. Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and generate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set realistic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, harvest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays). CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to beneficiaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelligence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis. CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinating mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of partnerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "3eec2d73-b3ec-4d39-a6fe-90f0e7aa666e", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 24, - "Paragraph": "6.7 Timeframes and budgeting There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate interventions, and communicate results. There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engineering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "fa46aff3-3e87-4943-8360-c19edd0e7d69", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 25, - "Paragraph": "6.8 Communication DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN representatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project beneficiaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of individuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leadership and implementation of outreach and education activities. The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and development priorities. The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strategies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "b878c07c-ee5d-4079-954f-86ac807deaf3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Annex A: Abbreviations CAPEX\t\tcapital expenditure CPA\t\tComprehensive Peace Agreement CVR\t\tcommunity violence reduction FOB\t\tforward operating base HCT\t\tHumanitarian Country Team HQ\t\theadquarters OPEX\t\toperational expenditure PAC/PRC\tProject Approval/Review Committee PSC\t\tProject Selection Committee SDG\t\tSustainable Development Goal SGBV\t\tsexual and gender-based violence UNCT\t\tUnited Nations Country Team UN DSRSG\tUnited Nations Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General UN RC\t\tUnited Nations Resident Coordinator UNSDCF\tUnited Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework WAM\t\tweapons and ammunition management", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "a4613b72-9df4-4f3d-8799-470cc1961e25", + "ID": "3792d87b-88ac-47b5-a73d-cfb826e1f574", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2261,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d89b3b05-ccd7-4ea8-95eb-765c4cba6b5a", + "ID": "2350dff8-a5fe-4c5a-9def-0fe9ebe66166", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2280,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "54df1f14-d3c9-4aa2-ba25-c87090aae82b", + "ID": "343b483b-e0e2-406e-9706-0da9fc477248", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2299,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b56947e8-607c-43ab-9151-aa0544c4f920", + "ID": "f74776aa-eee4-46e3-ab2f-6acfe5b379b3", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2318,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "abc65064-2cf0-4c68-8103-86c7e333b597", + "ID": "63e45385-98ef-4985-a473-423341b3d020", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2337,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "ca62208b-4b29-4429-80d4-6dd91cdd6310", + "ID": "557361e3-ddad-4eef-a3a4-368d6e3260f9", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2356,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "05714504-894a-4ea2-95ef-8990f0892fa8", + "ID": "a97a6ede-a17a-4862-a1e4-1d5843a3e1c1", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2375,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c0fd02e7-acd8-449b-bb84-f51e847cccf0", + "ID": "05778a9e-799a-4ba0-9852-588aae8b9a0e", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2394,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "08b46cf9-00bb-419e-8b46-04ceeee7b7ea", + "ID": "2fdfcb47-deee-4f41-96be-1d58fd8d2c3f", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2413,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cd51b96f-c370-4299-890d-65486d8b684e", + "ID": "ffe3bff1-b971-437a-90c5-bc66d9aad096", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2432,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "915fed7f-f942-4ae3-855d-62316fcb9178", + "ID": "96e459f0-e88c-4742-8226-764b44ec34d2", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2451,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7535fd09-6271-4bd6-9e71-46f0874ddbf1", + "ID": "d62c58ae-bfa1-4506-a691-6762cbe5b138", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2470,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "93a6d724-412f-4615-9dad-a4fdfc41bb1d", + "ID": "73bd6fca-389c-412f-9f8a-6c8fe29f1fd3", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2489,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "96643dc6-f73c-4711-8b3e-03bb0b26da03", + "ID": "122b898e-78f2-43c3-ad47-131dad635a12", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2508,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e2fe46c9-5a66-4b9e-93f1-c0b67d68f668", + "ID": "2e5c0b89-4f30-4942-8146-5757304dffee", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2527,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "5c4e67dc-dba0-4eee-9a02-f17c7db1f013", + "ID": "b77eb8c0-804f-48b3-8216-9c6bbfb58a0d", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2546,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d6deeb8e-b376-434d-8338-26be001e9d6b", + "ID": "655a60a6-431b-4eb0-98d6-96e007e37813", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2565,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0cfa95fa-91d9-49ec-a360-14d694f316a4", + "ID": "57aeb0f3-bf1b-44e3-b282-f00b9d5d2f43", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2584,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "50dcbbb5-2081-4ab4-9d1a-ee4bbe1f35b9", + "ID": "349477f4-d9b8-41ce-b7c7-8a7d9161cc62", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2603,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6436a510-ccdb-4004-a26e-89e21f7d0797", + "ID": "5d0a87b1-9a6c-4fde-ae63-e1ec3151d149", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2622,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf579ab7-73ed-4fb0-9970-08cb5730305a", + "ID": "a87abb6c-1a77-40e3-8f92-6049b88a679a", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2641,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4715cb8a-bdd4-4a9d-bf04-ea268627e860", + "ID": "c8ae43d3-6b1f-4a87-8a1a-df41811adc5f", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2660,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "85f87c9a-9f46-46d1-bd4f-4d075b029b33", + "ID": "da0ab391-5b4d-49ef-8105-0bc9592a7916", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2679,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3d53cec1-5899-4da6-a10b-7f3168f9d8da", + "ID": "218d2d29-263a-4053-ac52-1131590013fb", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2698,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dd8a51b8-1f48-4126-8128-dc778b092c63", + "ID": "cb963e47-e847-4e02-8b73-2c20751a3006", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2717,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "05709a54-9c09-44e0-883e-a8bb8b6c2a94", + "ID": "9b66ac16-6158-4924-a28c-bc5ad7d9a489", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2736,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7aa03a62-a06e-46f6-b0a3-44ed275b8bf0", + "ID": "e1d085bd-1874-40aa-ad08-3895d447ed9c", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2755,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f7e3c03a-cbd1-476e-a45a-6410feea536b", + "ID": "1bc9fa84-3a8e-44f5-be98-b8a98cd953d4", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2774,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "65d8cb10-1164-47f3-98c0-fe325eda16c6", + "ID": "92d2b125-e33c-4c2b-bca2-31c30c2ff8cf", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2793,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e8e6ea75-2495-4639-839c-b640bcbb4019", + "ID": "46977892-1b41-400e-ad20-403f6a3aa353", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2812,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0f7f0c8b-8f42-4125-a9ea-9618033a782b", + "ID": "ce5f49a6-4230-4d18-b2ae-1e1fa2937c08", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2831,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "672ecb9a-a481-4533-a4b4-86602a7b3ced", + "ID": "a66fc686-56cd-4b37-bf66-e56cd88af6db", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2850,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c1706aec-a139-4473-8f7f-6efb550738a9", + "ID": "ab02029a-78af-4499-8ef0-da2ce9b26167", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2869,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4d5de729-456f-4da0-9e83-a53789e28acf", + "ID": "47d4fe0e-8fa1-4fb9-9f6e-890768dbcfe5", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2888,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4b0684c0-40fa-4049-b114-12ebf09090a7", + "ID": "d8292b18-869d-4286-94b7-fa0b0f5bc562", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2907,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6d5f1f99-b0d3-4176-9bfa-e14ece718ef5", + "ID": "950e8ece-c251-4b8b-93cd-f9d60b104121", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2926,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d2becd1c-4d4d-4459-b020-5a93fa2f4b16", + "ID": "64cc3cd1-87ce-4e9b-9885-edaad74c83ff", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2945,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dedfcda4-bffe-44c6-8e74-6845284634d8", + "ID": "b9946957-4e0d-498d-98ba-b8ad9b503fed", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2964,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c064240d-ba9f-4f1e-8387-5e8d6ee640d8", + "ID": "854bcb27-4fd3-47fc-a9b7-890cf92dd571", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -2983,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e65b8f1c-e3b6-4b99-8798-615e8331db84", + "ID": "23ba6f7e-4a1d-42e1-9829-c371b9ea1319", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3002,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "84faff7a-d457-491c-99e2-cde6fb1435f9", + "ID": "79038cfa-2cd2-4f69-8d4a-da15f9e7a447", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3021,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "df199277-53f5-488c-abfb-6366e4b365c5", + "ID": "c7b06091-f524-4a30-96a6-d429ab2aa68b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3040,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "398cf6a0-ab71-4419-b2a2-9f6861d9fee3", + "ID": "d1859a8d-4d09-46b3-baa9-ae8de5b1766b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3059,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7190d03b-f41d-4189-b244-1e338066d519", + "ID": "296995d9-fdb5-4882-9961-3aa049139542", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3078,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4e96ed0f-4896-4c90-85fe-a403e88fdced", + "ID": "d5aabb81-bda4-415a-8653-e4eea06cab0b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3097,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "5c59255c-8fec-4878-94bd-9d0077c70c3c", + "ID": "2de2a2fa-6b77-4ff4-abf5-124b8634cb55", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3116,7 +874,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0db0f990-8a36-45c3-8889-b085b4d5b8c6", + "ID": "51c790ba-f389-4369-8d67-0baa1eacc9f7", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3135,7 +893,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8316669a-4675-4a4e-b841-41d522f63f9d", + "ID": "67d6b3b1-2c48-4456-abd2-20822df6b6ce", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3154,7 +912,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7d1df38a-5649-4b01-a232-094da06ff728", + "ID": "4110ba20-f746-4ada-8fbb-afcbd5ae0b8a", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3173,7 +931,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b0553f9f-1a50-4af0-823d-0440d557aeb1", + "ID": "c9788ef2-da09-4cb1-87c2-f02cad8ac2ef", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3192,7 +950,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "44decfa5-3c58-4a62-a3e1-ac2ae339afad", + "ID": "01fedc30-aace-4764-ae67-c876320572d4", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3211,7 +969,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fa9284e0-8586-48ed-848a-9efc7bdfc296", + "ID": "d71919ea-2bbf-4885-8e3c-cb76107d64ca", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3230,7 +988,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "462ea340-e1f1-4393-a21c-5af5d654e577", + "ID": "f1ead07e-9ca8-40a8-bde8-b57637cfe4f2", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3249,7 +1007,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c8c91be0-cd57-44ab-bd18-f534fbafadf1", + "ID": "e33e3024-9b4b-4640-8b7b-291a3f25271b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3268,7 +1026,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8a767bcf-54ad-4567-8456-cdc3254c9c6f", + "ID": "9e2edc35-420b-4182-a039-d544f75506bf", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3287,7 +1045,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3ad5ddf5-7001-422c-b1fa-f1b7d105688b", + "ID": "c730e311-2220-4fcd-b662-1cd89cf23a59", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3306,7 +1064,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9d5a05fc-d9b3-4e1b-a0ac-1a7902a6b349", + "ID": "ca621c50-f57a-48e1-862f-755bd4627c4a", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3325,7 +1083,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c2538536-0667-46fd-ae10-98ad3d41efb5", + "ID": "56e32dd9-1334-4ea4-9fdd-dc9bdb3eb400", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3344,7 +1102,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0a8482e1-feb1-4850-9c01-9fb18bcac152", + "ID": "823e1c2b-a26a-4277-b384-2778ed5cd4f0", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3363,7 +1121,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "75582f9d-7f5e-4daa-bfd0-1c3c1126e714", + "ID": "e443ba35-be91-4cfb-abf8-cae11935e882", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3382,7 +1140,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cae65cee-c591-4dd1-ba74-a522255c8c72", + "ID": "8aeea063-378a-4b46-923c-822dd4e69d3e", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3401,7 +1159,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "307aec90-191c-4916-b7c6-ad15a4af163e", + "ID": "72d1d504-5fb2-4e44-ba38-703074290930", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3420,7 +1178,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b0f488fa-61d5-45fd-8501-0adc925e2b77", + "ID": "79ba9a61-0939-4315-9eca-e7a8cc928df5", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3439,7 +1197,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f524f08b-175f-4a5e-8bf6-1187ebe83841", + "ID": "e1f090e9-f559-4fd2-bafc-d23522d50514", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3458,7 +1216,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ac762176-3873-402b-803b-75823cdb49e8", + "ID": "3c48e679-e430-48d9-b554-7314996ea01c", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3477,7 +1235,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a4b46403-cf17-4f44-88c3-e1425d05de8f", + "ID": "f2bf699a-877b-4b1d-a16d-5797dfd3d557", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3496,7 +1254,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dd385dfd-0921-4362-b87a-d90af038270a", + "ID": "28070004-106f-42ae-a1d3-5e614a622162", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3515,7 +1273,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d71c6912-b403-478a-9d0c-b3d9034d4bfb", + "ID": "dd2a48b2-3937-46c9-a335-0441ffc20c94", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3534,7 +1292,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ea233d33-80dc-44d2-b69a-78ca1c83652d", + "ID": "ad100177-9dde-4233-ba57-1a8ca58ebb34", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3553,7 +1311,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2a2a55ee-ad6a-4519-8e69-3128df7d9dcb", + "ID": "27bcb9ba-8fc2-4268-ac38-4649450d4d3d", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3572,7 +1330,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9d1fc1ca-2eda-492a-b64a-ae2a7bf32812", + "ID": "c2cb1d2f-99aa-4992-817d-e1da11543abd", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3591,7 +1349,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3ef7d4bc-2a4e-4a09-bd04-d52ab73fa785", + "ID": "b903e98e-fa5e-45da-b3fa-02fd227a3905", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3610,7 +1368,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e47fd5c7-0309-4f6a-afc6-3c15d07b9e78", + "ID": "92333268-9e4e-42bc-83b9-7636aef56bb7", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3629,7 +1387,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "10c146e2-b6c4-44e9-ac4b-e09a4baecf32", + "ID": "2b65019f-aaa4-444f-bbb3-97f727c7bb3d", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3648,7 +1406,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b5d565c4-8dee-43e4-aff7-45bff1741dd7", + "ID": "fa7abcb2-f79b-4268-a14c-fc7dfa086fc0", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3667,7 +1425,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a74e877f-fcad-4ee4-8b7f-05f2cd7d953a", + "ID": "d0ec47b8-bfcc-4e45-8e14-d0b5c7f29314", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3686,7 +1444,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "feccd8cc-3b17-4843-b81e-243f66b47a13", + "ID": "b272143c-2830-4eed-940d-257dd696c3ce", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -3705,7 +1463,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "17d385dc-9f1d-42fe-b0a7-505096cb661e", + "ID": "8e2e6e2c-84e2-4c71-a3c9-490914498db6", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3724,7 +1482,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "3f993b01-4796-4a75-8d86-11172a6bff1e", + "ID": "5c701de3-76ac-4789-8423-fdacef671a2e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3743,7 +1501,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "600bdd38-d24b-4682-9d55-416ee411b36c", + "ID": "ef3354e6-0664-4796-b048-2834556494b6", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3762,7 +1520,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d72f2ac5-0077-439e-ab44-a98b994000f4", + "ID": "51bf7659-a7aa-41e6-82b6-76c8a0fd8b3e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3781,7 +1539,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8512f525-6f88-4acd-bf88-281dc94ef599", + "ID": "ff1456d2-bcff-43d8-88ae-0f08572793e1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3800,7 +1558,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "269cc089-5dd9-4edf-9c24-0a5ca58eb534", + "ID": "15e0703c-e3a5-4051-96f6-dbb57fb34879", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3819,7 +1577,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7f4a4fce-24f7-417b-8af3-04c2901f152c", + "ID": "43c0bf95-82ff-40ff-ab68-74bf085dac1b", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3838,7 +1596,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "e2742012-7c82-4026-b267-4ae2a1734e26", + "ID": "e070d64a-00ca-4be6-9adc-950ae11e71cc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3857,7 +1615,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "367f084d-242c-421f-9208-b6494b137c26", + "ID": "de8efc5f-9035-4232-87a0-57b724103a7f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3876,7 +1634,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2bfbe72d-1b03-4486-8331-a76b10af0138", + "ID": "ea62ff16-fd8d-4854-9a60-d2f679854fe4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3895,7 +1653,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "863b5e88-33a7-4337-99e0-3a794be7233e", + "ID": "411f5510-b59a-4390-a05c-f543068d3843", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3914,7 +1672,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3a9c42c2-daff-4e21-b42d-669c8334eec0", + "ID": "b0a89c9f-8a2c-49ee-8762-015349bdc4ba", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3933,7 +1691,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8f1e8da6-4448-4d7b-a3a8-d316c91fd565", + "ID": "183a6b5d-e187-4bb3-9d5f-7ad54e578378", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3952,7 +1710,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "df78be00-cdd0-40b0-bcf6-bffae2e8e7d1", + "ID": "91f991aa-9248-4967-ba26-31796aed4b9f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3971,7 +1729,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "403df868-67ea-4ad9-9d6a-9835be852b91", + "ID": "3fea8b14-6969-4bf9-b4e6-9d15ec31df2c", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -3990,7 +1748,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4b82ca33-35fe-44cb-8e73-f8a71a4576cb", + "ID": "b8ebe262-7e2e-4c28-8702-bf421d584cd4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4009,7 +1767,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "50fd50f5-e5d4-41b4-8c03-7e6481eb7f55", + "ID": "599c0b32-3db5-48e3-a1f1-32c025cd3616", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4028,7 +1786,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c4a67ea0-ae03-4d6c-88e2-e4b26a7af27d", + "ID": "38cc6918-b9c3-433a-8a27-9c07e02deac4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4047,7 +1805,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a1534daa-bfa7-4197-b8be-487327d9f0ce", + "ID": "e4ce10c3-b764-4303-b2b6-1660057610dc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4066,7 +1824,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8e0301f2-c052-4660-af1b-ed2092ca3ba1", + "ID": "60947fdc-01ef-408a-a5f1-3c06f4e413f7", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4085,7 +1843,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "45f63efe-522e-4e6c-840f-a48802b01bf1", + "ID": "401f0afe-5bc8-42ea-a594-275a4b640aef", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4104,7 +1862,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fa348611-0e51-4f25-9f37-4dd5f2befaff", + "ID": "cebb7051-8d64-4ab6-aff0-7acfad05964d", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4123,7 +1881,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c8b3647a-9068-458d-bdac-29e9d9c4a585", + "ID": "8cb6f11e-effa-4056-adc1-f11010f1e7a5", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4142,7 +1900,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c7175a6e-27c2-4612-964f-891f94a823ce", + "ID": "56e78eeb-39ee-48d6-a8a2-fc41f32c7550", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4161,7 +1919,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bf3b4d91-7180-4f09-b489-05d41c9a7d67", + "ID": "3a12366d-9f75-430c-8ced-010f348b7ad6", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4180,7 +1938,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5c584161-dfe4-4c31-a6c6-e74410bf5cbc", + "ID": "c8971dc8-2cbe-4f8d-9df6-163cbff77b5f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4199,7 +1957,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2b001723-0f91-4451-a3cd-5b27e5561003", + "ID": "308bf403-7958-4192-972d-bb33748765b4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4218,7 +1976,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0a658acd-9f90-45df-9d87-b7ff590c72ff", + "ID": "af0e226c-bff4-470d-9820-939773e8ce42", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4237,7 +1995,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9ccef630-cc8c-4e0a-8a6e-4b30e73d9be2", + "ID": "78d3590f-1d8a-415c-b201-d0873e490952", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4256,7 +2014,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "932987a7-5a06-444a-a05c-0b9a929cd94b", + "ID": "c69578db-66c7-4040-966b-8eecbcc3b396", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4275,7 +2033,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4886f25f-8428-4fbd-8279-6b7b13d1bdc2", + "ID": "20018301-b227-458d-8184-514b2a5b26f4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4294,7 +2052,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f3396751-d6b2-4c40-a33c-49eed9c66eab", + "ID": "52183809-d118-4b0e-9173-895db619dfa8", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4313,7 +2071,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "17e04a5e-bca5-47d3-bdf7-69b8d3f92523", + "ID": "efe7b762-3036-43bd-a4e9-2ae2f0471d30", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4332,7 +2090,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "a80d0b2b-45ac-49b8-aa52-772750483f4a", + "ID": "38937412-b43a-406f-9706-eb027d1f12bc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4351,7 +2109,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2eaeb21c-ce58-47d9-be2e-fa7b0eeaa1db", + "ID": "79a4860b-85ac-46f0-84f8-bf64e6c8f64f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4370,7 +2128,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d3ee845e-5278-48f8-99e0-095b314f41c6", + "ID": "2656a2a2-191d-4ffc-97ec-64f6f22295ef", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4389,7 +2147,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6efb1d41-f6e5-47ab-9c43-aac21328b000", + "ID": "295abe59-21a7-4d4c-be29-649f4b848886", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4408,7 +2166,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f6b95f47-53d6-48de-84d7-2ceed13d7bc9", + "ID": "034e4ff0-af92-493e-82d0-c22d0f2a2a2e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4427,7 +2185,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "52562106-e116-4028-8cc0-292e8632ca51", + "ID": "125cdc05-51d5-4727-872a-8d4f5f95f545", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4446,7 +2204,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "edb13fe5-e1eb-4b4c-94a4-7a10d0e8590b", + "ID": "3f33c063-1967-45b5-9e7b-f2d221287740", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4465,7 +2223,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2ad5a301-a2a4-4cf5-918a-289b6a74a0cd", + "ID": "50751a60-9736-4356-a73e-5d8c2d6d7d5a", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4484,7 +2242,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dda3531e-3a3a-4047-8419-c65c52ed6f2a", + "ID": "e6f23b9e-6d7c-49ef-b649-4d342cfe1d3c", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4503,7 +2261,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4cfc2833-c483-4ce9-9132-2afe82177dd6", + "ID": "709f49e7-4788-4126-b817-0ac81e21b86b", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4522,7 +2280,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3d9d0e8c-0ec4-4f10-b393-5cc4cd5e10ad", + "ID": "50e27784-3833-4f75-afb7-c5111c00125b", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4541,7 +2299,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "09f45e19-0e7e-47b5-abde-8f217e8fa85a", + "ID": "b555dd71-ccd3-411f-be11-36dee14fdfe2", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4560,7 +2318,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "34fb848d-489f-4b31-943a-bfa93dc09a61", + "ID": "6ea990f5-220d-43aa-ac44-01621fbd2192", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4579,7 +2337,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c98fadba-2de3-4985-a4e1-db0551106981", + "ID": "da0839e5-497d-42c7-898c-2ab1932a3854", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4598,7 +2356,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bd21ac71-bab3-4bd0-8901-0dd98efc7410", + "ID": "9e5211c6-ecee-470e-bb09-cae26df1d8f8", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4617,7 +2375,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "37ad3a6d-faaf-4453-88f6-254db77d629c", + "ID": "6e709520-3664-4f5a-9fbe-e8c8decf16ba", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4636,7 +2394,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5a1171ab-12eb-4397-af46-1b555e5ba3bd", + "ID": "6e5c4103-c23f-4f2c-bdd9-ee9e7ea7ae9e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4655,7 +2413,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cd46f117-4abb-4569-a807-aef57a4f670d", + "ID": "36c05bf4-73c3-4ea2-afc9-d5d138de5407", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4674,7 +2432,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "62dcda95-3cf2-48da-ac8a-ee3b21c9bb11", + "ID": "f6ebc616-148a-49f3-bf1a-f52e30283a50", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4693,7 +2451,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "233d14dd-76e3-4cf1-b2d8-021644b92d2d", + "ID": "82c96c7e-81e9-4c5e-a964-2b35b89ca09d", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4712,7 +2470,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "452db97f-a195-4229-aee2-4a1c7b3757d8", + "ID": "b1cd4177-8c7d-4eb5-874b-2b7a2cb4b35a", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4731,7 +2489,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fbdd01f5-2f45-4096-8165-f5ca431bbc92", + "ID": "12959678-d4ed-4571-b451-e0e0bd633d58", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4750,7 +2508,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "119593be-9f55-41c9-b95f-38607bc50bc7", + "ID": "6f0ac243-362b-49cf-a384-847797bfb9d1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4769,7 +2527,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a7fff097-a65f-483f-a24f-48572ecc2a4b", + "ID": "3ac29b52-9335-4d36-ba1b-b28640931667", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4788,7 +2546,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8e6b4a7a-3ca6-4311-9d30-435fc6ed95e6", + "ID": "ab78f7f9-aee6-428e-992e-096ec7e07a00", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4807,7 +2565,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "048e033e-cf32-4036-ab03-be2287e50ab6", + "ID": "6762e8e4-d702-41b5-be5b-73dfa4a1f067", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4826,7 +2584,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0c79c0d1-44f1-4e9e-8775-55669aec116a", + "ID": "bb640201-3e69-4e0f-9afc-4d232b11d609", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4845,7 +2603,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0668ac3f-a603-4c23-b709-db3919abf3d7", + "ID": "27517442-2b38-4343-81b5-f4e3d5ba8fe1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4864,7 +2622,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9f4f3588-a4c5-462d-a25e-f26ef1942fc3", + "ID": "0e2a4fcc-0bd2-4e98-9c74-9f42eec59002", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4883,7 +2641,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9aba57bd-3172-465a-bb53-37ae537f97f4", + "ID": "7b6a74d8-24f7-4388-acb2-d4be223cd49e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4902,7 +2660,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "bbc06e99-bdf7-4776-8c5b-345774f54b00", + "ID": "b1ca7a24-ed39-4c7f-afa2-02dcaf88a6cc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4921,7 +2679,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "521008d1-2ad5-4bcb-a8f9-4d9697d621e2", + "ID": "2076bdaa-9eb2-475d-87e3-300041875fd1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4940,7 +2698,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "ff04151c-45a3-49fb-884c-9e9f7ea33c4f", + "ID": "9403e65d-80cf-4187-b28a-d20af7b45648", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4959,7 +2717,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0913febd-eaf0-4c70-9e26-284bd87519b5", + "ID": "a8ce81a0-7b16-431f-87bf-7cf830f8b006", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4978,7 +2736,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d92d9b4a-3082-43fa-ae42-6bb449bae71f", + "ID": "c62c2490-0c72-477b-981c-c37186858517", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -4997,7 +2755,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cee5cfea-5ac7-4e97-b1b3-507af6b7b44f", + "ID": "196a0f2b-a241-493a-8382-65e4ef83fd17", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5016,7 +2774,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf40a1e4-cbb9-4ca7-9b93-4b55c3497a36", + "ID": "ad2238a3-a196-4f8f-937e-9ef510638075", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5035,7 +2793,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f8388d42-676e-4493-b724-f74850d9d385", + "ID": "b46a13ee-1e29-46c8-a6c2-7813c90caf31", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5054,7 +2812,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "e3588b98-4b08-45fd-a900-2d9b3cf58d1f", + "ID": "aa97f9e1-5493-4e25-b1d5-29083aec6702", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5073,7 +2831,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fbc83da9-cb8d-452d-900f-63256bc78dbb", + "ID": "bbe6ad31-d1a0-4e19-af25-82901e9952ee", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5092,7 +2850,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f11e5799-2cd1-4472-a33a-d3f7f7817c5e", + "ID": "477a1ff8-1a27-4464-a8a0-10a4d9080705", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5111,7 +2869,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "472a91cc-6679-4d47-9b8f-e8cf6b213d70", + "ID": "455645d4-8800-4bc2-9c90-455c8579a6ef", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5130,7 +2888,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ff29b917-2411-4080-bdf9-628d00948650", + "ID": "c7fd84e9-cf3d-4f9c-9036-90386a44a939", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5149,7 +2907,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1b8b2d38-3a59-4637-9701-23f9e4d17df7", + "ID": "b66c1e47-f4a2-4fba-95be-4f356a1e9162", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5168,7 +2926,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a5918c9f-177c-4422-9e55-2394dfc1ff68", + "ID": "0528bb9d-3817-49a4-8027-b8f16b09dde0", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5187,7 +2945,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cb2017a6-6c56-4c20-95e3-d6d76fd1cde2", + "ID": "064a202d-a11b-4a84-8a1f-28b6ab9f2770", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5206,7 +2964,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0fa4614e-8661-40e0-94b4-21549ba6b84d", + "ID": "5a4b9f69-a62b-4d09-9204-c0dc5ba83aca", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5225,7 +2983,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ae1faa32-b91e-4a4b-92ba-2caf3ef3cd94", + "ID": "8c37366e-5058-4092-871a-3105f26572da", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5244,7 +3002,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0bd6f182-2fb6-46d4-b1da-3aece8336624", + "ID": "b5f1162a-dd05-4d7a-81c4-00c433cf93cd", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -5263,7 +3021,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bea495c0-0e38-4a5f-a417-77835db10c42", + "ID": "b3b096d4-d4f4-4068-bcaf-2e72973f9f2e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5282,7 +3040,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2f8f5db5-09e5-4553-a120-41f4667fc4b7", + "ID": "98d6481f-0b50-428f-985b-aef2b51ea475", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5301,7 +3059,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6b210380-e6e1-44c2-b8af-f0394217f3ae", + "ID": "9cbae31e-ca86-46df-87cb-66b437ff2dcb", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5320,7 +3078,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "dd4fe561-7a09-4ffc-9cd4-34a2f6ade6a2", + "ID": "da056dc2-f112-4d98-933c-930c6f180836", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5339,7 +3097,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "67a525f3-6c32-4e4c-ab8d-0d5a0a1549dd", + "ID": "4d6b8d34-f136-4a9e-9996-861ad7ecf0d5", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5358,7 +3116,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "57378c5a-9646-418b-b46b-e49480064aed", + "ID": "f41dd15f-c310-4410-9c60-4c38b5c1664f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5377,7 +3135,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f7e2326c-e9fe-4b9e-97d9-c7384a5485e6", + "ID": "5f0c2c66-10c8-409d-b1dc-5fdcc28368f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5396,7 +3154,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "59df27e1-c065-4405-86a5-44fd7f3e1296", + "ID": "2e2ad41d-78bf-41cc-bfce-2cb66efbeec1", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5415,7 +3173,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "88cce7af-6082-4d9a-9b46-1574fab8f10d", + "ID": "6365d59e-ace4-41b9-93e0-b06d47cb8001", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5434,7 +3192,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "feb65ea5-e347-421b-8d37-acd770d6a0c8", + "ID": "5c1bf8c7-8d88-4cf8-861e-fcc5c08c6ff0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5453,7 +3211,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3b6083d3-65d4-4266-a3ce-6e7776aad121", + "ID": "cf0f19c2-54f1-4e6c-9b98-8b3ed71ab572", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5472,7 +3230,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d2a8aebc-221d-4119-ad0f-ca7c406200af", + "ID": "70b7244f-a061-401f-8408-21d5dc096cd7", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5491,7 +3249,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2920afab-86bc-44ab-832a-2d8bd95bbfc4", + "ID": "3d06c314-6058-4b3b-85db-ace3d6fcab81", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5510,7 +3268,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "90018428-9d82-489c-9731-eda742865c80", + "ID": "fcc9867f-af96-47c3-a25c-dc01fa1d84ff", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5529,7 +3287,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "29553d0e-235d-456f-8ff0-fa9407cbc760", + "ID": "f0e7e548-0347-45f8-9cb9-312d294f102f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5548,7 +3306,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d901dfe9-b4bd-4503-bfad-916dae3ba33c", + "ID": "764d729a-b547-4935-963c-eb8c99410e23", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5567,7 +3325,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5d5ec6c2-2ead-499e-917d-50bc0e51f8a8", + "ID": "61b5778a-ada7-4889-848e-8c72a88c4c21", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5586,7 +3344,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "aadad3dc-15f4-4bf0-93ab-1c0dac25ddbc", + "ID": "2eaa8aa0-24b5-44bb-b74d-aa7f258ca2be", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5605,7 +3363,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e6573ec0-6cde-4348-bb5a-49fd8f2ceb2a", + "ID": "cfb4360b-c97b-4adb-a4cd-9bf547856e4e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5624,7 +3382,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "572968eb-dd80-4b1d-8849-d88487ae7081", + "ID": "a68c6cc3-c822-4c7b-afff-203abbe3ef7e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5643,7 +3401,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c0a6e9cd-d9d2-48c4-829b-02fee158f644", + "ID": "b2c9d38d-1c8f-47b0-a13a-8ce19c9a4342", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5662,7 +3420,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0e011565-37fa-4e56-92e9-41556fe4794a", + "ID": "845dd50a-3991-4e14-b5ec-f69e31967141", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5681,7 +3439,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5e4a6ef1-a367-4d63-bfa0-d38f0a3122b7", + "ID": "ebc715d7-63d2-41c4-82a4-3c8b82f2505a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5700,7 +3458,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "46b0967a-76af-4777-812a-9cbd3948d4fd", + "ID": "6c9fc30c-0b4b-485a-8ec7-d9e590587bea", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5719,7 +3477,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2178bb09-57f0-414b-9780-8c2b2ff59668", + "ID": "e3857cfc-22f5-4ed7-b6d6-ae33e6f473e6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5738,7 +3496,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4aca41f4-ac24-4300-b8ae-56f55da2869c", + "ID": "f41b4238-c11b-4f6b-a1dd-1f9412f0581e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5757,7 +3515,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5eb732b2-bacd-49bc-9f53-c2e9f7973921", + "ID": "928dca6a-6984-4b4a-89d5-961f8df0a7e4", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5776,7 +3534,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "55e726f2-014e-4cbb-bffc-46292e98ee2c", + "ID": "a7ee3edf-cb73-4419-bfe0-aeebf195686c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5795,7 +3553,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "466e2245-ed54-4fe3-9328-7faf56d61ca3", + "ID": "abb69533-1077-4334-9c3c-0ccf8464be63", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5814,7 +3572,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ceb0de61-a375-422d-9649-922eb6e9a5de", + "ID": "bf0e23b0-499c-41a2-89bb-436413912d88", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5833,7 +3591,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cbd57ca1-621a-4f0b-85a5-c88299f6aabc", + "ID": "cc690b61-e1e8-4c1f-91a1-4c11bba1ef64", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5852,7 +3610,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "91255568-c058-4e70-91a4-e3f330b72b07", + "ID": "2d260d41-1ea8-4c3a-9435-12252035c3f8", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5871,7 +3629,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ba57880f-9d2b-43a5-9a59-3a543f0b75a0", + "ID": "fdfa9ff1-ae46-4e66-b250-2227209092c3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5890,7 +3648,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0135aea4-1ddb-4de1-bdf0-5df10573481d", + "ID": "30269615-2635-400d-961b-3437e912922f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5909,7 +3667,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2a41cd4d-6339-418a-ab0f-131e9ddbb37f", + "ID": "b0cf8640-80a3-4081-bf3a-8b18865f8a09", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5928,7 +3686,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28b03567-e272-4211-a0f3-87695fc02292", + "ID": "eb5e3ecf-f4d8-4056-86a0-663564b1a302", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5947,7 +3705,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5356174c-ba80-4fc4-9a54-33be9b335001", + "ID": "aff39ee6-642d-4b60-9109-e551f1cf73f3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5966,7 +3724,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "df872e8d-8b9d-4e4d-b6ad-c9794509eaf4", + "ID": "207cd4c9-4348-42b7-996f-05c80013d949", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -5985,7 +3743,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "660e2ab3-1482-48e1-802c-c1a75aa7b1b0", + "ID": "576c5d80-3699-4823-b227-bc914ed8d191", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6004,7 +3762,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f210a73b-9ab7-4117-9a61-1dff51fe7276", + "ID": "83fda258-cc33-45f3-a400-09e347d0c48f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6023,7 +3781,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "894339c2-79a4-46a4-8ff6-205a6b866755", + "ID": "adf512a9-1e3c-4f9a-882f-96134324169e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6042,7 +3800,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cd76dce5-8f7d-4e30-a635-a4f467f273dd", + "ID": "8d3e1b43-9a0b-4765-aa8c-69c243dc173b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6061,7 +3819,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1c345c72-d1a7-4301-b2e6-871730e18a33", + "ID": "5314d341-f68e-46ac-84f4-b2337a3ed704", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6080,7 +3838,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "43c25b6a-c6c8-468a-b14c-e3f948672191", + "ID": "1d6949f1-c02a-46eb-8adc-982f9934fa7c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6099,7 +3857,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "432a930b-ef3a-4786-9ac1-7d2638cfe639", + "ID": "6289d86f-7a8f-4f72-a982-d6137285c7da", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6118,7 +3876,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "a5c6bbc9-bb20-4687-a605-867d99cff615", + "ID": "f7395fd8-4d01-442d-92cb-f5396513c66f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6137,7 +3895,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e438e014-21d7-4ad6-b675-1b8afb2005c8", + "ID": "1cbe9398-5528-4b59-bba8-8d136fcc2a6f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6156,7 +3914,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "871a4ebc-75fe-4f67-b890-aa8358dcdcfa", + "ID": "e4c909c6-20f6-4b3f-8b0c-4046bf7bff1c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6175,7 +3933,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d24e8aaa-694f-4391-aedd-9d6e265b12e5", + "ID": "d49e7844-aed7-4d45-8997-5aad918819b5", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6194,7 +3952,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0740a069-2682-4634-9e4f-88823d0af789", + "ID": "e4866f20-f3fd-4c2c-a781-e37d4ed74c4a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6213,7 +3971,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "d55161d4-5af8-484f-86dd-f2ca5cfb758f", + "ID": "1d9f098a-657c-47d9-a235-18980e42d975", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6232,7 +3990,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3cb2dcda-7b7d-41c7-9f20-40e1e7eebc4f", + "ID": "6f14e8cc-e7e7-4e44-94ad-f3ec1d02a28e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6251,7 +4009,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5f5ab52c-4b02-4fe7-9a8f-27329ed60ee1", + "ID": "5d8ee25a-5db3-451f-a5bf-1c98e63ce1fc", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6270,7 +4028,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b6572779-03b7-41b4-9233-01393eed48e5", + "ID": "8cf44e02-3a22-4147-ae89-7bb5d04b7657", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6289,7 +4047,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "85c319e7-2ac6-4ad4-862c-6dad0b58542e", + "ID": "6734cb06-f780-482a-96f5-a4d0aa2c9b00", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6308,7 +4066,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c8c70c1b-883c-437b-ac33-6f9f37e5f9ef", + "ID": "b135dc99-8e12-4c7f-b9b6-4e98e2274a60", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6327,7 +4085,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a19930ae-4ee2-47bc-838d-deb070ad53ed", + "ID": "840c3742-6fa0-439c-8e9f-f77011ef9f0e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6346,7 +4104,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "378cee56-c4ab-43bd-bdd1-505a5163f373", + "ID": "103a2e5d-32e6-477a-8a26-55004794f3a3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6365,7 +4123,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0f8e0e2a-7cef-49bc-a325-521f801e72ea", + "ID": "75aff96d-5b81-4a26-83f7-20b5e50593b2", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6384,7 +4142,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ec1acd36-bce9-4c30-a49c-a89d07e088c8", + "ID": "6b67d6c0-8ef6-4886-b8ad-c521e6f1515b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6403,7 +4161,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8f5ce82a-30b1-4a5d-9ed5-62a79afa0791", + "ID": "ccbb56d1-0947-4092-b156-ada111e02c6b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6422,7 +4180,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b7bc5485-8b06-42b4-888a-b2367d17c964", + "ID": "984333a6-8792-44d0-84fc-d15bbad6a46e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6441,7 +4199,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "acf1b637-77b9-47b3-9050-0d97541ff87c", + "ID": "d5c8c25f-3973-4d4c-bac1-a92635a73d1c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6460,7 +4218,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d8a3f8f7-7a56-4c4a-badf-cd1cfa70db4c", + "ID": "70a67dc9-b2a5-4202-ba44-073a51b2348c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6479,7 +4237,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a0956233-f086-4fc6-8a64-6b04cd8f5e7d", + "ID": "36815bbe-ef13-4228-97a6-54ace4f34116", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6498,7 +4256,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "fac32f96-f429-4dd3-b073-b8a504eadff3", + "ID": "1b89966c-6814-4db1-96f2-60192c6c319c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6517,7 +4275,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28b384ef-04af-46de-91a1-3d09186949ea", + "ID": "51907ca2-35db-4684-8ea8-a5017c76b12f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6536,7 +4294,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "01620340-2fc1-44a0-a514-06cabc6a4d88", + "ID": "f33459b1-e35c-4e16-bb06-3fe64d157065", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6555,7 +4313,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "59754d8e-72a8-4185-9221-7db4810765ad", + "ID": "23130a8b-934f-4ef7-b216-2c4be8bf0b24", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6574,7 +4332,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "083243d4-dc08-48f0-9836-ca105b8e5356", + "ID": "0ed01057-6305-4432-abdb-4a11f60b2127", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6593,7 +4351,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "85f8e63b-3416-457c-8bdf-28e1f4aa9b5d", + "ID": "a18a3246-3091-40a1-8db8-7b7257dee0f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6612,7 +4370,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b13b8044-8589-4c2e-8909-db951e0b63f3", + "ID": "30e53223-7e0a-45b4-822b-d3aed5a01fc6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6631,7 +4389,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "91e336f9-4855-4cc4-a1dd-f0e6e649a38d", + "ID": "6d32dd8d-b5fd-4a70-949e-f49e2b04f618", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6650,7 +4408,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "07b0730d-ad01-40f3-a307-147860348e0d", + "ID": "50b28ae3-04a9-421f-9333-db39a8ccd93f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6669,7 +4427,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "98eafbac-4902-465b-acc9-a2d7e37dc758", + "ID": "913de38a-dccf-4abb-8ac4-0ea5e4708285", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6688,7 +4446,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e42b1c69-c93f-4ee3-9283-e8fc8488559a", + "ID": "2f1d5315-2845-4bca-a1b2-d11e38708d40", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6707,7 +4465,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "aafabad7-c76b-4fe3-814f-de5a50bdc00e", + "ID": "634a4b9e-2ec9-4c79-82fb-392d43d4da4e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6726,7 +4484,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "60d2cc96-406d-4318-a46d-0094e602b812", + "ID": "be442db0-f056-418e-a4c5-b6467e256090", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6745,7 +4503,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "b3f9ddbe-4474-4efe-b1d2-4f69b85fadeb", + "ID": "06ac9516-5618-4ae4-9fc1-3ea207350592", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6764,7 +4522,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "114205b2-76b0-430a-bed5-19888b3414b5", + "ID": "0503502e-4041-44e0-902a-f81bf5d7fc31", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6783,7 +4541,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d94c95b9-4fdd-4031-a2d4-4d244afde38a", + "ID": "f3e0fdd7-3d05-4bc1-b252-4cf9651a834b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6802,7 +4560,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "35b0b0ea-6e3e-4c48-a783-6ccbb1944089", + "ID": "d67dd99e-dbcf-4c8f-b4d2-222513744460", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6821,7 +4579,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5b08cdbb-2ed1-4a94-802e-2dd6857bdb28", + "ID": "288c8143-5ba7-47cf-bc2b-090644775cac", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6840,7 +4598,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0b25af36-9829-4071-8fdd-8472f7be6edd", + "ID": "2abb4623-6abf-4023-af02-96cf74e1ba3b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6859,7 +4617,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9e68ff02-8ab5-4fa4-b2b2-fa73679cbbe9", + "ID": "3f4d7d5e-789d-4486-a323-e51e3ccd6552", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6878,7 +4636,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bf2f1cea-3112-42e7-815e-640a1ebe2ad3", + "ID": "66eb81d5-3afe-4326-a9b3-b1b6dc47a23b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6897,7 +4655,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "27397845-a559-437a-8c66-a6ae0e2c78fe", + "ID": "8d26babf-06f0-4d37-a309-f45b8b5e12a9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6916,7 +4674,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "ab20b7f3-c18b-45fe-909c-f6673e7a49ee", + "ID": "6bd87938-8761-4cb0-ab62-127f0dbde289", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6935,7 +4693,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0bb56572-c462-444d-a125-788c7daa2d39", + "ID": "7a788a38-0b2f-4166-84c4-2ea68b44ec71", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6954,7 +4712,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e29bed27-9848-469e-86b3-a36729771717", + "ID": "e3b5a6af-b137-46ab-9727-94315e68aab8", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6973,7 +4731,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3a89678e-871a-45db-afa2-0ce40f1a2590", + "ID": "4bb88b88-185f-46d9-9c69-424690cf25f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -6992,7 +4750,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4ad25f6e-901f-4705-aa35-edaddc01405f", + "ID": "1f209ff6-b4d0-425b-885c-7c6831c25e1f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7011,7 +4769,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "f4fa8cca-3e1c-4f3a-a0f9-6986e3bbf557", + "ID": "b6539c1f-07cd-46d1-b48b-c28862c15808", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7030,7 +4788,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "63a9563c-143f-4924-899b-0c16e08c7e59", + "ID": "96deb9b0-12a1-4202-996f-ef948cfd5286", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7049,7 +4807,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5405a157-3839-4e19-8631-84badc514c17", + "ID": "ac487c3d-1d7e-4459-a7a0-ea7843928dec", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7068,7 +4826,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "f7869e7d-9e1d-4b11-89ef-3dc2d0c23374", + "ID": "f7ea88fc-9533-4897-bff1-1be52de339bb", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7087,7 +4845,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d65bee57-e936-4d6a-a47c-fbc536ea13ff", + "ID": "9e850ba5-1b8b-4541-b2a0-7693b585a2bd", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7106,7 +4864,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "a5af9403-3287-455b-9871-4864b4c24576", + "ID": "3e8c92eb-595f-4074-a566-cdee065f037c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7125,7 +4883,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4322b9b0-c60c-4f7b-9481-585fe568b227", + "ID": "a4670019-d447-410e-8da0-2de88734388b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7144,7 +4902,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "2ee73d5d-e5b1-4b66-a5a1-6fd7ac327144", + "ID": "fecccd96-5e3e-47d0-bc6e-4a591ce25378", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7163,7 +4921,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a9e48cce-6bbc-46f9-a938-9f2b6853e18a", + "ID": "768d9786-1557-4f94-a056-bafedcf63419", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7182,7 +4940,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bdc61ff3-3b58-4b08-b1df-019d0426548f", + "ID": "6b541079-4afb-4bf9-9274-9c682c1abe56", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7201,7 +4959,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6509b651-d005-4e84-8886-e2ce1f6ae0b9", + "ID": "62efe9fa-8f89-4bc1-a2fb-01e094656146", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7220,7 +4978,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2469719d-29d4-42af-9882-edd59553a648", + "ID": "5f3d20f3-3ddf-4ebe-aca7-6ed598f94946", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7239,7 +4997,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "26d0d204-9a19-438c-95c9-4ca4df8cc1d7", + "ID": "237a9b5f-61d3-410c-9d7b-9f3ec49d88af", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7258,7 +5016,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f28b1d0-029a-42f1-aa8b-85e5d620b1fb", + "ID": "bf8475da-500c-4117-b9f4-f0c502e19251", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7277,7 +5035,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0b0777e4-6557-4414-b4fb-7234ddc32adb", + "ID": "ed3ca2e5-75b4-4498-82c8-d791370e583f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7296,7 +5054,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4da3115f-0a7a-491e-bbda-3abe9d8e5912", + "ID": "ac23089a-c72c-4ff7-9588-c5f3790cce92", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7315,7 +5073,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6d4b051b-c033-47f2-a75d-1442f0400405", + "ID": "4df1fe0e-08f2-4b69-b852-a1e7c5b48232", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7334,7 +5092,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "279af31f-f5c8-48fa-845e-52879ec04a2a", + "ID": "dbf01c90-03b8-458e-ac9f-1eb16997ec51", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7353,7 +5111,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e9e7672c-f89b-4c83-8f93-b21ce52fd773", + "ID": "9750f29e-e905-486e-9240-a84f0238bb01", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7372,7 +5130,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4795cc2d-a9c2-446b-b7bd-949df20a77bf", + "ID": "03f75a3c-3d8b-4b40-b75c-e798163a5660", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7391,7 +5149,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "fef52305-a8fb-4286-b663-11091f0a08f9", + "ID": "6db1d89e-db85-4815-90e5-25f41ef134df", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7410,7 +5168,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "86a0e86d-9ae5-4990-8108-acd3868a355f", + "ID": "8a7d6d45-d93b-48e6-83ff-6d92369208f6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7429,7 +5187,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b40ae2d1-eccd-482b-ab65-b9edba90c170", + "ID": "488cf280-ac3f-41c1-82f0-dd71bbbcf82b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7448,7 +5206,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3d2c6b0c-7346-46d3-96c8-ecee5c03bc81", + "ID": "1c854592-86c5-4daf-bef0-35d48bbe0e0c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7467,7 +5225,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2e4161e6-72c7-4b69-afa6-cd65eabe0b22", + "ID": "e8471f35-fc5d-42ec-99d0-61d35e808359", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7486,7 +5244,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dcdb36a2-702a-4cdd-9faf-6de769a08514", + "ID": "2d024965-8758-49b4-b857-0c31934c994d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7505,7 +5263,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "017143e6-f7a6-4f7e-8b1f-3f5ec23ec158", + "ID": "9a1dd273-81af-41e0-b375-9a002521fe98", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7524,7 +5282,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cc9b0a8c-1e92-4b97-a37b-28ae22d5c978", + "ID": "9ec9ba0c-5c51-4f88-800b-bf3889b02e02", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7543,7 +5301,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "e2c65d2e-4098-45ca-b343-aac1257e5869", + "ID": "04a0bd98-cacc-4fb1-94d9-19eb3c8b141a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7562,7 +5320,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "9ba712ec-9cef-4580-9b97-2dc159d28fdb", + "ID": "7723f70c-6189-4cb3-93df-aade4a12b716", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7581,7 +5339,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "98127748-4d03-4547-9533-8c6fde33b7e6", + "ID": "8b7af404-424d-4de2-aedd-763bc09b9ff3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7600,7 +5358,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "94154e0e-1157-4378-8512-1b2a052c12fe", + "ID": "b683e3b8-2a13-4999-8cb1-c5d29448745a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7619,7 +5377,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "deac44c6-0371-43fb-952e-c1701d1f4502", + "ID": "784d3e44-62db-42f5-8a85-160c465c2d7a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7638,7 +5396,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6ce6517e-da41-4784-90af-8f5e12a508fc", + "ID": "ccedbfa6-93c1-43e1-93dd-4340fcf3e397", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7657,7 +5415,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1c43bc80-7c76-4ffd-9dce-3f2b013530f9", + "ID": "dd1c0c7a-4838-4f13-97ee-4621ac180791", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7676,7 +5434,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "201a8d98-ad1e-4f47-95a1-ede6149b1802", + "ID": "041ddda9-04cc-413b-abe8-55153f9d86e7", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7695,7 +5453,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3c3e8946-b9be-4d28-ab5d-9209ea9df789", + "ID": "8f427def-0b7c-430e-a3c8-201a55bc1d97", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7714,7 +5472,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f56ae66-ccd0-47c9-9dc5-19f3e1b3bac3", + "ID": "7f3b24fb-23b2-4d55-b7e9-7e0bfada5f1a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7733,7 +5491,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "376311e0-45b4-465f-8ba4-001516e39359", + "ID": "43bb182b-d466-41ab-918a-6d26cfb0bd16", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7752,7 +5510,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b07b9f8d-a6f2-49f8-b02d-fb24d6702ea7", + "ID": "462762b0-08f8-4528-9a7e-cd924a5849c9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7771,7 +5529,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "336b680b-1328-4703-8970-b3d45dd9e9e9", + "ID": "0cd8f782-ec30-424f-8e77-49f01fe852ae", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7790,7 +5548,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "36a42bf6-9687-4635-bdfd-ade86e084930", + "ID": "d69485f6-0f13-43f8-bbb2-1a25f2f710b6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7809,7 +5567,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "96a460e7-a53e-4eb7-bac3-2d8f1fe5de07", + "ID": "fc48a166-c25f-4412-81dc-df9f90789c78", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7828,7 +5586,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "43ead83d-a004-45f1-b127-5b7223c5ec01", + "ID": "bb1a2a2a-d201-4a3a-b496-d822e773b2be", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7847,7 +5605,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c0756079-a624-48a9-9795-967b6f9229ca", + "ID": "cc12ebf1-01f9-4823-9a14-cf981ddfa7b4", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7866,7 +5624,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "aac5e243-117d-4b9b-87bd-d78e7638f2ef", + "ID": "6bcdb238-cff4-48cb-bebb-57f93eed72b2", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7885,7 +5643,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f85e1cc2-2f85-42b2-b539-19288e115d1b", + "ID": "36e3455f-bc3d-4baa-834f-9ff20f6e2b9e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7904,7 +5662,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d787debc-9544-4fbc-90ed-13297b6f183c", + "ID": "b19086b1-8336-41d3-a1ff-fb8a07e4661f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7923,7 +5681,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "474fc319-3e84-459e-94d0-bea1b46d1173", + "ID": "18e4e926-a76d-4582-a43f-5c93593ed758", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7942,7 +5700,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "80fd5681-eb76-4e3a-b451-8b4ec1cfbd4a", + "ID": "84e26289-ccbf-4487-8484-97340f0cfe0c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7961,7 +5719,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f62ef495-de09-4ecd-9650-bf15588cd970", + "ID": "ca552f61-1389-4971-8ced-5199a75c7ffe", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7980,7 +5738,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "01e0f954-15ed-4c0a-95da-40d3a122a663", + "ID": "e8b3266b-9d23-49b4-ae89-e9b0a0407995", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -7999,7 +5757,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "5db58f4c-17f2-4bc6-8bff-fa174d89409d", + "ID": "a7a8e3ca-93e4-4fda-92e2-7a2ea4b046a8", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8018,7 +5776,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "44ea7e13-72d7-45a7-b6a1-e134845656bd", + "ID": "07dbf885-379c-4015-9276-3ad6e42eeebb", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8037,7 +5795,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "357d67af-e254-4c2e-8e5b-e5c5a6b2b882", + "ID": "fbe56faf-96ef-41a5-b091-9132c36fd93b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8056,7 +5814,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf27990a-5d65-4415-a6a4-9021611f784b", + "ID": "ab0440a1-6740-4f6e-977c-3870b93b8d59", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8075,7 +5833,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "7504b87b-e7f3-43a8-a415-1cb5eb538a7e", + "ID": "0b4ebddf-b6a3-426e-bbd4-290791ea802b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8094,7 +5852,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ad9b593f-56bd-4b7f-adbf-77bb2cc926d3", + "ID": "5ff433f5-6f31-401a-9d44-184d2f181956", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8113,7 +5871,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d787dcc7-5b0f-426a-9a65-b6b1ac9dceb2", + "ID": "5c273e47-4c46-4fdc-a6a9-2595ae1ea7f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8132,7 +5890,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "54fdee0d-42e9-4a30-8344-edef545524fd", + "ID": "f81e74d0-ba79-45fb-ab6f-133a1d16363d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8151,7 +5909,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0bb19b65-d195-4d30-a35f-bc01d7c7fc25", + "ID": "aa9d41cc-641f-48d2-9705-a941f5d50c3c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8170,7 +5928,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8445e023-70fd-4105-a2b4-7fcc40a4e361", + "ID": "cf550380-a6af-4e6e-9418-9c8c956345a2", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8189,7 +5947,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1d43d145-be14-48a4-83c1-960343819405", + "ID": "ca615a7b-c9ac-4ea5-819e-e58b566b0427", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8208,7 +5966,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c6a92ae1-d4e6-4469-a8a7-d5481a23faff", + "ID": "badfa765-a612-40a1-937b-1b80269a4515", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8227,7 +5985,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "abc659a3-1521-49d8-b162-4924e474abae", + "ID": "ec11a83b-46a6-44c7-b357-5784c3bb9b8d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8246,7 +6004,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2d75bd27-7ca4-4f16-a350-f54d79fb502b", + "ID": "0749b935-4415-41a8-927b-4b1b5932ce5e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8265,7 +6023,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "70d909a2-109e-4c96-b137-061c3020e4af", + "ID": "e06d129a-e056-4de4-adc1-a98f98187d5a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8284,7 +6042,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b720c8cd-29b7-4404-b4f2-72978e541628", + "ID": "8de8737b-6fc0-4697-8a21-993d9ae3c5a5", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8303,7 +6061,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e9fbd7ad-c63d-494d-bb89-3946eeacb308", + "ID": "5b45d29d-6a1b-42f9-8a98-a82fa8d95254", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8322,7 +6080,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e9ed20f4-ef3a-4cb8-b80b-a382828eaf2f", + "ID": "837e4a0d-3867-414d-8350-4a7e34375262", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8341,7 +6099,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f0a90275-dc35-442a-8db4-b84b85477458", + "ID": "2cb8c4a4-7bf4-46e5-ab9a-8faa4369c37b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8360,7 +6118,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cdf306d2-2c9c-4b32-a6de-1bdbd45d7e7a", + "ID": "e9c9fa67-7e35-4f1c-8095-cb9d4d2d1793", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8379,7 +6137,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5fb68acb-daea-458f-8709-edba0229675e", + "ID": "90d91e60-8e66-4f29-a46d-727440d3d987", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8398,7 +6156,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1fe6d72e-f2c2-4fbb-a9ca-cb2e1dd35237", + "ID": "f16367c1-8ea2-41f2-aa28-4054c943972d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8417,7 +6175,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "723671b5-2a7a-4f79-9ee8-74e98a411557", + "ID": "748d7bed-3220-4e29-90e9-afb0c052db76", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8436,7 +6194,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8bce49ea-9a80-4b36-bdcf-57e606666248", + "ID": "facab657-d20f-4e8d-91f8-6adfcc1e48f9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8455,7 +6213,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "eba65c32-f683-4950-8072-a1ad7b2492a9", + "ID": "78c2083d-8328-4eb6-9bf8-c0a98f9ebd15", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8474,7 +6232,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8284c53d-7cbb-444b-a516-3efaed0eb59e", + "ID": "ec0588c2-ddf7-4115-966c-24e5f4715ff9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8493,7 +6251,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a64329e2-9843-48a1-8b19-e39cc165c379", + "ID": "029b8056-e2f1-46a8-a770-d64aa45ae844", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8512,7 +6270,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1acc7ec7-4aa0-4712-83ee-93149c0abe07", + "ID": "e0b3a4a7-6fd3-4dc3-ad08-4b493171555c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8531,7 +6289,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e25fc74e-ae93-4ae2-afd6-cbefd4d075ec", + "ID": "d19a68b2-608e-4ad9-882c-90d6be377ab1", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8550,7 +6308,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ade5ff8b-b170-4b08-8e95-1f7d5e51c8e8", + "ID": "bd7c26d3-af22-4788-b25e-8711beef1ec1", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8569,7 +6327,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c4f9b5c4-2bc5-4bc0-98ec-950556a316bb", + "ID": "b7998ace-b9b3-45b6-a8a9-b8c11db0a05b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8588,7 +6346,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d8736521-7dfe-42b4-a954-545111b81a28", + "ID": "64607e35-131d-45bd-a7a0-959d17696773", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8607,7 +6365,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6f4abf6b-c75c-4d72-a62b-b7aec2dc5b6e", + "ID": "ac00b2ea-5a11-497d-9d74-c605b5541940", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8626,7 +6384,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "728f9b4d-b4a9-489e-b6c6-10d9330c8328", + "ID": "4b34101d-0144-440a-80f2-4abf7eff0903", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8645,7 +6403,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "30e62a71-fe2f-4ac6-ad81-cae7ce495c45", + "ID": "fc77c2c2-8bbb-484e-b358-a250206a24cd", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8664,7 +6422,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f3a7cec-037f-431d-830f-bb5233cbd94a", + "ID": "7557eb47-5727-4eff-af03-4768aacf610f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8683,7 +6441,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f1ccfbf-474f-4dd3-a7a7-fce6afb0b8dd", + "ID": "8408dd09-dfb5-4cd2-823c-58cfde690926", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8702,7 +6460,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "62acf125-2fc6-42f6-b3b3-e865c6a0106e", + "ID": "b2cbe385-cf25-4fce-ad5f-9b78ae36615b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8721,7 +6479,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "006c0c04-9c98-4a9c-ae31-e689b46f2764", + "ID": "2f820690-41f7-40d3-82e3-ecfb716b1106", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8740,7 +6498,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "f78b3c5c-eb2a-47f2-8f83-2b9448e3783e", + "ID": "625e1e56-00ee-467a-9e34-462eac2d02ec", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8759,7 +6517,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c324846d-26ee-4a10-8ab8-50c016f32116", + "ID": "44f98afa-985c-4342-8ecd-8f64197456f6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8778,7 +6536,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c74347ba-c4de-4f5e-8e36-179d028ba119", + "ID": "bf8c1b8f-83af-41ca-983e-6642a1a24941", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8797,7 +6555,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0122a3f6-23d6-4570-a8bc-52ed78e326df", + "ID": "0b393480-c1ad-44a0-890f-d90f3d52613f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8816,7 +6574,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8a35057b-8d2c-42e8-bb7d-23a86c54c473", + "ID": "fbfc1a98-8a35-4858-b41b-fa1ee5e386c6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8835,7 +6593,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9ed8ca6a-d6db-4280-84af-3648d545c315", + "ID": "a24be40c-4ecc-46b1-865e-9e7a51363e1d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8854,7 +6612,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4fb37ea6-f9aa-4adc-b5d6-6e53391b07bb", + "ID": "e3073fc4-e83e-4f38-9f9d-08070dca745e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8873,7 +6631,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0f5883bc-09f8-4cac-880a-083a5bd7aa48", + "ID": "02000e1d-6d17-4c9c-afd0-1be95eaffd30", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8892,7 +6650,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cadfceec-ae82-42ee-8047-992d2f0c0f0e", + "ID": "fa143f56-3282-44ca-892b-61be4cf014b7", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8911,7 +6669,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "18b674f7-e68c-4d3e-82b0-ac4fc7334a63", + "ID": "9b79b301-cb26-41fd-ae0a-81870ee0b3ac", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8930,7 +6688,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "85922805-33d0-4715-b2ca-b4b485334c7a", + "ID": "16302cbe-0fb8-4aec-8ebb-7ae84ce0ce21", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8949,7 +6707,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf19ccb4-91e2-4ae2-95c9-6c5542c8d33d", + "ID": "2edbcf29-93db-4a80-bd07-fc22002277ff", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8968,7 +6726,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bac0937f-286e-46e7-8222-a7f1d89b2a32", + "ID": "27fe07ea-3f56-4e25-a878-88ac9d568d69", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -8987,7 +6745,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "775e1584-8de6-4e47-a691-5a1fac8eeef6", + "ID": "8fe04957-f880-48c5-8a99-2b921cdd4875", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9006,7 +6764,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "90eeb4b8-af85-40f7-93e9-13a1f95a925e", + "ID": "c25af8ba-364c-46c5-81be-011b04ceeea3", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9025,7 +6783,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e30c2e65-18d7-4587-8830-f90bbad6b6c6", + "ID": "8e88044b-6d97-46b5-b445-d3e053a65da1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9044,7 +6802,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "41f3e9cc-22a7-40f4-93dc-1f71b24b8e12", + "ID": "3d8860e6-dc9a-49b6-94fe-2b93b9d94c09", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9063,7 +6821,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "28c47b4a-f56f-4359-b336-4c9bda45f96e", + "ID": "475e920c-3530-428e-9288-eca0a528efc8", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9082,7 +6840,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "eedde4ff-fc62-4e69-a7c9-f6942722abdc", + "ID": "cb0e8bf0-9091-4fd0-b6da-252e71beae24", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9101,7 +6859,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28398afd-057b-4fd1-8dd1-26baea3f3f02", + "ID": "1a3133a7-7c41-4078-9891-8eeec6563b35", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9120,7 +6878,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9a420f8f-fde6-4de6-aa5e-4ee90403bd63", + "ID": "97db3733-9037-4225-a334-622710e1f8e7", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9139,7 +6897,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "52b819fa-d7ce-4cf6-86fd-bdb70e017bab", + "ID": "0d70927d-efbc-4b15-8888-aa1310ca033d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9158,7 +6916,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7280c8d9-7c35-495a-9289-c94493a17454", + "ID": "8e4b31c8-818b-414f-90bc-355950faa026", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9177,7 +6935,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cb815078-b0e4-4cdb-8582-d1a54afd9a9a", + "ID": "c72c1a78-132e-435e-aea2-81ae824ce67f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9196,7 +6954,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "60160bca-6174-4c23-abfd-ff99e40f18f5", + "ID": "021c01b9-110a-4bca-bf5f-d1a0c2f9e6a0", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9215,7 +6973,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8ca8578e-9cc2-4af7-88b8-c4795631d50d", + "ID": "049d7dc6-c0e4-4d0e-9161-64c3c4083ae5", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9234,7 +6992,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1fe8fae2-7cf2-4459-9a57-e76f5ad66e12", + "ID": "1ad1b506-b525-4356-bd5c-7e491bc52d20", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9253,7 +7011,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "fbf67a8f-c70b-4e1c-8309-f95e203efbab", + "ID": "a0f76bc0-07ac-440d-9848-c47c83e47a5f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9272,7 +7030,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "381f3f55-c94a-487a-be34-0ee9c85aa0a7", + "ID": "245b4ae5-c00d-4932-a5c6-1229227b9b9a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9291,7 +7049,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6da8b4d3-713c-481b-89d9-8d6b82b772c5", + "ID": "3860b21b-326f-48c8-a407-cb17684033ea", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9310,7 +7068,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5e078f3f-7e74-4658-b868-1f3eac9976ae", + "ID": "2a1d1136-a243-4c38-865c-eddca55e32a6", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9329,7 +7087,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c86d3cb2-de89-4516-a4cd-1125d06b206b", + "ID": "a339cfbb-f86d-4cc3-8f12-6e250ebf23bc", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9348,7 +7106,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b7b0f116-e1e8-4d6d-a884-2043105ff408", + "ID": "b1b27b52-73c3-4469-8ba9-00712024ce9c", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9367,7 +7125,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6402024c-f7a6-471c-87c8-9fbbcaf6d0ba", + "ID": "e409eb40-2f95-478b-8ef8-96d973504da1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9386,7 +7144,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d686c36d-056c-47c0-9efa-b8cdc7477649", + "ID": "cbee8085-5ed9-43ca-9c63-5c25fc479935", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9405,7 +7163,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9f8d2ce7-337e-49d7-950b-5d5b0bf2684b", + "ID": "afca7cb1-255f-43c5-86cc-b66a5516d319", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9424,7 +7182,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7584d3fe-b061-4a10-aca1-131562a9ceeb", + "ID": "2d4844a9-6b26-4164-af2f-ef8143411c7d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9443,7 +7201,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "872b75f3-c36c-46e3-9956-10b29d1cffe1", + "ID": "a609a498-d660-45de-b017-0b95c41f8c47", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9462,7 +7220,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a4fbd6e7-add7-4575-bd84-be9aed04c6f1", + "ID": "cc2ff1a4-d304-49be-9351-a909309f26ba", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9481,7 +7239,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cfe91eac-f7d2-4e24-b982-fe65751d4493", + "ID": "84a7ea10-f7e5-457e-bb00-bd58aa9e0af0", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9500,7 +7258,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4839b443-eb39-4dac-a7dc-d84a7c106949", + "ID": "c214472b-77d8-48ef-bb67-3446d285c5b1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9519,7 +7277,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b14a28f6-53a6-457f-8455-b3458366bd81", + "ID": "a7616555-d98c-45a1-96c1-83e37e347c99", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9538,7 +7296,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c75da2b9-45af-4fcd-841c-1c1260a9d28e", + "ID": "5fb600cd-0adc-41e3-bd4f-6a03074a1a53", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9557,7 +7315,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0bcbf682-b54d-41a8-8898-503f1a65898b", + "ID": "caa3b006-816a-4d16-b050-c2fdf7c9c66f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9576,7 +7334,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b4b12525-2034-4d9e-9154-9a5613ecc92e", + "ID": "9ecab374-33c1-46f9-ac27-88ccf4e424cd", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9595,7 +7353,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "81ac5517-0044-4b8d-aae2-550941f0b559", + "ID": "88ff1683-5477-4d11-a635-5fa6d1ba61f2", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9614,7 +7372,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1f30406d-3790-4404-be20-6ff3a2d248bb", + "ID": "04f23991-ad54-4a4c-828b-23071f86224a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9633,7 +7391,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "af757de1-79a6-4af2-9e16-1721952aa355", + "ID": "20619290-dba9-4fa8-9b9b-42c3931113ae", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9652,7 +7410,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cef135e3-a792-4a2c-837d-def521823f59", + "ID": "66940411-076a-4258-809b-6796b7ce31e8", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9671,7 +7429,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b17b3d61-1b6b-43c3-b8d7-42db2afb33e5", + "ID": "ef9049fe-04b7-4e74-a438-66ec5e96c04d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9690,7 +7448,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f050509c-e6a6-4510-94da-7bc1ba497f72", + "ID": "39a7ab9f-cf0d-4796-b934-8a78e2341961", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9709,7 +7467,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4875232c-dc20-4630-a106-d4213c0f9516", + "ID": "0e5852ee-ecb8-44e5-824b-24a12b3d09b3", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9728,7 +7486,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "65fd7cf2-aec6-4979-8ba5-77951d19929f", + "ID": "604437f3-85f8-41aa-a34d-b15010bf7bd2", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9747,7 +7505,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8e340635-70b9-4d18-ba62-3ec0ebb7f594", + "ID": "090b804a-3e11-40ae-8403-89db8d0bb81e", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9766,7 +7524,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0d1345b6-ec5a-4f0b-b7ef-1cb2c0a1a399", + "ID": "68b81447-1264-416f-9e80-e599f9dd7398", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9785,7 +7543,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28924185-25c1-46c0-a18e-6ea764c742d5", + "ID": "661d9b67-92e1-43ec-9270-259438d0cb76", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9804,7 +7562,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e68d5188-ed9f-4c9c-aa38-7aac1c5f2ba9", + "ID": "2290958f-dced-414f-9afa-c83aaad80157", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9823,7 +7581,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d6ea91b9-0e83-4011-a38f-0433dd2194fd", + "ID": "933c5e0f-5d3d-46e2-9d99-65a1bb88258a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9842,7 +7600,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5a80907b-4384-4796-866c-67c73ab7b016", + "ID": "87ebf051-23e5-48d7-94be-625dd4b5aafd", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9861,7 +7619,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8f16b1a7-aac7-4745-80df-f4a571ed8230", + "ID": "d0484ef2-a90a-432f-9d5d-686ef1a1d73a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9880,7 +7638,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e36cbe17-c784-496e-9c80-1f0f8466ff2f", + "ID": "880bd3d1-154b-4443-bd32-adcd6ae8444f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9899,7 +7657,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "31907619-8a4a-42e3-bd73-d516167f6955", + "ID": "75016284-3de2-4912-ac42-13ba77d18f98", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9918,7 +7676,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f697f6f-c3ff-4e53-98af-bd65501ec852", + "ID": "04027f69-fc42-4e0a-bec2-4f7a5d00fa0f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9937,7 +7695,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ac34f30b-b123-4974-b78a-440163a9b2f6", + "ID": "89fce011-453d-4ce0-a0a4-6d62933d2ce0", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9956,7 +7714,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3e77cb1e-9330-4366-83b6-b65d94bc22fa", + "ID": "744d1019-1bad-4d0c-b36b-58c61fd6dc35", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9975,7 +7733,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d60925f5-f364-4978-b52b-90a8971c5d6f", + "ID": "13131cbb-deea-4a06-8e09-30a8625dcfdb", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -9994,7 +7752,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "014d43a4-a601-4dc0-83b8-0027cd457ac4", + "ID": "048b5293-eddc-447d-a588-76cb3011e3d3", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10013,7 +7771,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "512d2f97-dbe4-4a0c-b581-335e6294703b", + "ID": "f1c30eb5-cb6a-4ac1-9e4d-104b7e5d8881", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10032,7 +7790,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "522f7a42-9e19-4282-bc72-296ed2cf7f54", + "ID": "dc889e0e-0db5-4f5c-84f6-289c92615ebf", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10051,7 +7809,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9b616911-a021-49b9-b6b4-66f18a1d6f17", + "ID": "42e4bc22-5a14-4772-8f49-722ba080f416", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10070,7 +7828,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "00eca0ca-9613-4f92-9e10-4725af599c6f", + "ID": "5912a6ac-c995-4adc-a813-3eaac95c2b8e", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10089,7 +7847,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8e6e44e5-3fac-483c-908b-beafbb3ce68f", + "ID": "615f54a7-cdbe-4641-90a4-1ada4b527793", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10108,7 +7866,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c258082a-d5aa-46db-b077-29daed37640e", + "ID": "2818cde1-191f-4b11-8dcf-00e1828fb870", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10127,7 +7885,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e561d0cb-a5bd-4c6e-94ab-4658c38a0c0e", + "ID": "58e5dd38-a2de-42cd-8d2f-2a5831060bdf", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10146,7 +7904,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "21e80b12-7456-46f6-8a80-b49f9babc8b1", + "ID": "3e6befae-b78d-49a9-829d-4009585f619b", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10165,7 +7923,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "24903ee8-670a-41c5-b2dc-a187219eaa70", + "ID": "0712082c-8731-437a-b7bd-70d72381f7b5", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10184,7 +7942,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ed74576e-40fe-44aa-b8ff-6fa72d4234b8", + "ID": "8ba8492f-ca6b-421e-9b42-dd0974440c6f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10203,7 +7961,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "3b93d3e7-8e69-4005-98c8-f04c7554f118", + "ID": "f0cf2eed-8d15-4d06-b8a5-0d0152a12cad", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10222,7 +7980,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3816e60f-0210-4fb7-9d9a-b787ee78b3da", + "ID": "251190bb-3b35-41f3-97d2-e30165c51a95", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10241,7 +7999,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "95d4f09f-1eb8-4b56-b7c6-4bee72643c6f", + "ID": "6976da6f-c12f-4082-afd7-bcf31f0db432", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10260,7 +8018,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bbdc8c3f-52fb-4890-a643-094b2f293ebd", + "ID": "b8872892-c702-47a3-8088-e83a4db0b086", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10279,7 +8037,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0ecda9d1-ba92-401c-9c6f-a2b283799a5c", + "ID": "247b81e5-b3e3-4e95-9a60-ea856029458a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10298,7 +8056,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d201e8c4-583d-4e35-afad-23c8a8556fa0", + "ID": "7350afd5-816c-47a0-a9f2-f2782f993380", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10317,7 +8075,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2ec60bd8-5d85-4539-adcf-b49dee9c4f93", + "ID": "60f412ea-0cce-43cb-aa1b-9c9b0aca9eb9", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10336,7 +8094,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5dbe6105-f60b-4e95-aeef-913927c9f533", + "ID": "f2757409-c5a4-4cdd-b11d-4d82b8da789a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10355,7 +8113,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "401c374d-34f7-4c45-88a0-521075e27c1d", + "ID": "5670a339-a4bd-4234-93d6-4c15bdcc5718", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10374,7 +8132,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "93bda4c7-aa28-4c64-a88c-0bcb480337ac", + "ID": "852f8e4c-8080-4b5e-a5f6-d6f79c37b980", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10393,7 +8151,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f9ecdffe-0bf0-4036-8f35-16d934f031d7", + "ID": "44e5d7a2-9613-4a34-847a-d36f3d5424ae", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10412,7 +8170,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6199f91a-0b9c-4abe-9e41-c803751eb302", + "ID": "68baf8b5-ac4c-4399-9899-cab1ab041c16", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10431,7 +8189,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "549d7fda-0c7b-45fb-8932-4fdfddc988a1", + "ID": "9c0676d9-d077-4fb6-9529-72ed5065fcce", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10450,7 +8208,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b4647f60-f9e0-4d27-8551-819a84b77e82", + "ID": "d5b24504-9407-4908-8519-ac8e13796d84", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10469,7 +8227,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "09b3d0e6-ffe6-4928-a07b-85d8035f4552", + "ID": "a4dc8e83-7ee4-4e6c-89bb-5daaaf5a7d63", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10488,7 +8246,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "751c9011-3feb-4921-9cd5-8a9ba0b0fbf7", + "ID": "4364f618-7c9b-444b-b9e4-5cc35525768b", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10507,7 +8265,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0511bdbd-b280-4b50-a5ad-38fb97611bf7", + "ID": "9d505a6d-df02-4efa-a79a-beb3b102d297", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10526,7 +8284,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4225b61d-7a8a-4407-8266-27e203573e48", + "ID": "1aa32b9e-af53-4b5e-8d0a-6db5699446f6", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10545,7 +8303,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "97dfcaab-e848-41f7-853f-8228439221c0", + "ID": "46dafad0-2d16-4c46-8dda-af00ad3a5a49", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10564,7 +8322,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9b55be9a-9375-4c00-8a22-903206cce558", + "ID": "82a50b5f-e29d-4c21-beb2-66a3237f52c2", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10583,7 +8341,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e80439d4-f1a0-4f6d-834c-f0ef354e811b", + "ID": "24220fdd-b0d6-44b4-baa0-a650888d5c31", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10602,7 +8360,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "68c74945-de15-435a-85b7-08e2e27647ba", + "ID": "e6a9fa8e-305a-4a84-bee7-9fe1c6c36b8d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10621,7 +8379,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5f46e904-1606-4a16-9459-cc796471d779", + "ID": "2aff659d-5cef-4629-b5b9-e594cb7e6bc9", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10640,7 +8398,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e20438b8-7b62-4055-9a11-7df88765ca83", + "ID": "e421ac3c-78df-4778-a5b7-683aa8ec0a15", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10659,7 +8417,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a571a705-738a-4dbc-9339-b89e552f4057", + "ID": "74392180-6b12-4bcf-838d-191a36b7e97a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10678,7 +8436,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b445f854-25bf-4445-b29b-1a3f39f4c89f", + "ID": "95e6a962-c872-4fee-8a4c-f56d4e2a1134", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10697,7 +8455,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "94845479-f9df-4564-80cd-bdc6c7c4c043", + "ID": "9dec5564-19fd-408a-99a1-4ce9a623a9aa", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10716,7 +8474,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1d4c40e5-dae0-4955-80b7-d706097869e0", + "ID": "699f830d-2123-4129-a50c-61fbc2f82601", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10735,7 +8493,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "69d6774e-bde5-4b41-b7de-d76bcbee3f21", + "ID": "839cceca-6f92-49eb-86fb-dd126f59aa66", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10754,7 +8512,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8eaf73e5-d371-4390-921e-dd727a94c64f", + "ID": "57d2abba-ab48-4701-b73b-377ddb959da1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10773,7 +8531,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5001c915-5aac-41a0-9ad2-7d4b1194bdf3", + "ID": "f5f10405-de53-4271-882e-86d070502549", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10792,7 +8550,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b20d19c9-e5cc-4fb6-b0bc-01fa8630ed79", + "ID": "7efed4d6-fd7e-4069-b87b-37d26c6a0edc", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10811,7 +8569,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e6ebe736-f222-43af-92d0-fc257781c147", + "ID": "ee04a865-79b4-4b9f-a88c-35cb34bf8640", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10830,7 +8588,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c18b1844-30a9-4406-842a-7c501abf7b94", + "ID": "e1632f91-409d-4ba3-be8c-fc8597329b76", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10849,7 +8607,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "06f1025a-cb67-4c90-9422-ed0f23cb3295", + "ID": "d7b6e362-b528-44fa-934e-8009297a9021", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10868,7 +8626,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8841a8c0-bc46-4376-86c3-c3e9feade63f", + "ID": "822bc224-416b-4c6b-a2fd-ccc5ec6523c6", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10887,7 +8645,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "61e24ffd-30e2-4091-a920-58a53c581ccb", + "ID": "f9a78cb5-ac18-49fc-8d21-6ddbbb237ff7", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10906,7 +8664,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0d019aca-a754-457e-966c-69501aa3783b", + "ID": "89f4f9f6-4b62-4182-b4f5-7a44ee8aeefc", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10925,7 +8683,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c2425aaf-38d2-460b-91bd-217bc354463b", + "ID": "e6a258c0-778a-494f-ad8c-75ac9bf8e14a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10944,7 +8702,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "735eb1b5-c83e-42a8-9589-353784ddaee0", + "ID": "98b6b3e5-c9f5-4b43-b769-2c0ded9fb256", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10963,7 +8721,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fa0ef8e8-6082-440f-b05d-0d51e15141bc", + "ID": "6124ab31-ad71-42af-946b-79da6df66e56", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -10982,7 +8740,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "644317c6-a956-408b-9d5c-11631af495f9", + "ID": "3d3d261e-9448-466b-be48-3424fd33e5b1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -11001,7 +8759,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a531b5bf-8565-4ade-9f35-780a574cb239", + "ID": "28959e0d-5140-4205-a482-9143909eda0d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -11020,7 +8778,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "847c3937-b19d-4cb0-a264-5c9864c244d3", + "ID": "c3817f8e-9c9b-4461-8f65-7340cb16ca70", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -11039,7 +8797,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6c2cc06a-c76c-4ad2-87cf-e07b70ad1d3c", + "ID": "55799d88-77a1-4145-b648-a0c0e6bcc64a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -11058,7 +8816,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "db7f2e47-a2b7-435a-a372-2a4eae1a03cd", + "ID": "7b336ae1-c059-44f6-8a5c-105ba9e2cdb9", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -11077,7 +8835,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b2c8095c-403b-4fc0-874b-883f28bc4830", + "ID": "745f6562-1eea-4ba6-87d4-331633ee82b4", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -11096,7 +8854,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1ca59f76-f9a1-4b82-983e-fb690b87eaa4", + "ID": "b29f2ccd-f323-49be-a88c-b21d6acfe698", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json deleted file mode 100644 index 97dff82..0000000 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,572 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "ID": "e0411707-58af-45f4-8d54-51797c0b6318", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Contents Summary 1. Module scope and objectives 2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR 4. The UN DDR approach 5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings \t5.1 DDR in mission settings \t5.2 DDR in non-mission settings 6. When is DDR appropriate? 6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place 6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place 7. Who is DDR for? 8. What principles guide UN DDR? 8.1 Voluntary 8.2 People-centred 8.3 Gender-responsive and inclusive 8.4 Conflict sensitive 8.5 Context specific 8.6 Flexible, sustainable and transparent 8.7 Nationally and locally owned 8.8 Regionally supported 8.9 Integrated 8.10 Well planned Annex A: Abbreviations", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "a4992c53-e575-4ad1-96ad-f020fdd2e133", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary\t Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is part of the United Nations (UN) system\u2019s multidimensional approach that contributes to the entire peace continuum, from prevention, conflict resolution and peacekeeping, to peacebuilding and development. Integrated DDR processes are made up of various combinations of: DDR programmes; DDR-related tools; Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. DDR practitioners select the most appropriate of these measures to be applied on the basis of a thorough analysis of the particular context. Coordination is key to integrated DDR and is predicated on mechanisms that guarantee synergy and common purpose among all UN actors. The Integrated DDR Standards (IDDRS) contained in this document are a compilation of the UN\u2019s knowledge and experience in this field. They show how integrated DDR processes can contribute to preventing conflict escalation, supporting political processes, building security, protecting civilians, promoting gender equality and addressing its root causes, reconstructing the social fabric and developing human capacity. Integrated DDR is at the heart of peacebuilding and aims to contribute to long-term security and stability. Within the UN, integrated DDR takes place in partnership with Member States in both mission and non-mission settings, including in peace operations where they are mandated, and with the cooperation of agencies, funds and programmes. In countries and regions where integrated DDR processes are implemented, there should be a focus on capacity-building at the regional, national and local levels in order to encourage sustainable regional, national and/or local ownership and other peacebuilding measures. Integrated DDR processes should work towards sustaining peace. Whereas peacebuilding activities are typically understood as a response to conflict once it has already broken out, the sustaining peace approach recognizes the need to work along the entire peace continuum and towards the prevention of conflict before it occurs. In this way the UN should support those capacities, institutions and attitudes that help communities to resolve conflicts peacefully. The implications of working along the peace continuum are particularly important for the provision of reintegration support. Now, as part of the sustaining peace approach those individuals leaving armed groups can be supported not only in post-conflict situations, but also during conflict escalation and ongoing conflict. Community-based approaches to reintegration support, in particular, are well positioned to operationalize the sustaining peace approach. They address the needs of former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and receiving communities, while necessitating the multidimensional/sectoral expertise of several UN and regional actors across the humanitarian-peace-development nexus (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). Integrated DDR should also be characterized by flexibility, including in funding structures, to adapt quickly to the dynamic and often volatile conflict and post-conflict environment. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, in whichever combination they are implemented, shall be synchronized through integrated coordination mechanisms, and carefully monitored and evaluated for effectiveness and with sensitivity to conflict dynamics and potential unintended effects. Five categories of people should be taken into consideration in integrated DDR processes as participants or beneficiaries, depending on the context: 1)\tmembers of armed forces and groups who served in combat and/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); 2)\tabductees or victims; 3)\tdependents/families; 4)\tcivilian returnees or \u2018self-demobilized\u2019; 5)\tcommunity members. In each of these five categories, consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs and capacities of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses. In particular, the unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. DDR programmes consist of a set of related measures, with a particular aim, falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. Disarmament and other DDR-related weapons control activities aim to reduce the number of illicit weapons, ammunition and explosives in circulation and are important elements in responding to and addressing the drivers of conflict. Demobilization, including the provision of tailored reinsertion packages, is crucial in discharging combatants and those in support roles from the structures of armed forces and groups. Furthermore, DDR programmes emphasize the developmental impact of sustainable and inclusive reintegration and its positive effect on the consolidation of long-lasting peace and security. Lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. When these preconditions are in place, a DDR programme provides a common results framework for the coordination, management and implementation of DDR by national Governments with support from the UN system and regional and local stakeholders. A DDR programme establishes the outcomes, outputs, activities and inputs required, organizes costing requirements into a budget, and sets the monitoring and evaluation framework, including by identifying indicators, targets and milestones. In addition to DDR programmes, the UN has developed a set of DDR-related tools aiming to provide immediate and targeted responses. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation, and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations may also be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards. The specific aims of DDR-related tools vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools. DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes. The UN approach to integrated DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside/following DDR-related tools, or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes also aim to contribute to preventing further recruitment and to sustaining peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. In this context, exits from armed groups and the reintegration of adult ex-combatants can and should be supported at all times, even in the absence of a DDR programme. Support to sustainable reintegration that addresses the needs of affected groups and harnesses their capacities, either as part of DDR programmes or not, requires a thorough understanding of the drivers of conflict, the specific needs of men, women, children and youth, their coping mechanisms and the opportunities for peace. Reintegration assistance should ensure the transition from individually focused to community approaches. This is so that resources can be applied to the benefit of the community in a balanced manner minimizing the stigmatization of former armed group members and contributing to reconciliation and reconstruction of the social fabric. In non-mission contexts, where funding mechanisms are not linked to peacekeeping assessed budgets, the use of DDR-related tools should, even in the initial planning phases, be coordinated with community-based reintegration support in order to ensure sustainability. Together, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support provide a menu of options for DDR practitioners. If the aforementioned preconditions are in place, DDR-related tools may be used before, after or alongside a DDR programme. DDR-related tools and/or reintegration support may also be applied in the absence of preconditions and/or following the determination that a DDR programme is not appropriate for the context. In these cases, DDR-related tools may serve to build trust among the parties and contribute to a secure environment, possibly even paving the way for a DDR programme in the future (if still necessary). Notably, if DDR-related tools are applied with the explicit intent of creating the preconditions for a DDR programme, a combination of top-down and bottom-up measures (e.g., CVR coupled with DDR support to mediation) may be required. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, all DDR-related tools and support to reintegration efforts shall be implemented in line with the applicable legal framework and the key principles of integrated DDR as defined in these standards.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "52af1e84-5299-44f3-a82c-6a4d0a55cd1e", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives\t This module outlines the reasons behind integrated DDR, defines the elements that make up DDR programmes as agreed by the UN General Assembly, and establishes how the UN views integrated DDR processes. The module also defines the UN approach to integrated DDR for both mission and non-mission settings, which is: voluntary; people-centred; gender-responsive and inclusive; conflict-sensitive; context-specific; flexible, accountable and transparent; nationally and locally owned; regionally supported; integrated; and well planned.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "df526c52-47a6-4218-970f-e9841ff60977", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation. A DDR programme contains the elements set out by the Secretary-General in his May 2005 note to the General Assembly (A/C.5/59/31). (See box below.) These definitions are also used for drawing up budgets where UN Member States have agreed to fund the disarmament and demobilization (including reinsertion) phases of DDR programmes from the peacekeeping assessed budget. These budgetary aspects are also reflected in a General Assembly resolution on cross-cutting issues, including DDR (A/RES/59/296). Further reviews of both the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda refer to the full, unencumbered participation of women in all phases of DDR programmes, as ex-combatants or persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups. DDR-related tools are immediate and targeted measures that may be used before, after or alongside DDR programmes or when the preconditions for DDR-programmes are not in place. These include pre-DDR, transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM), community violence reduction (CVR), initiatives to prevent individuals from joining armed groups designated as terrorist organizations, DDR support to mediation and DDR support to transitional security arrangements. In addition, support to programmes for those leaving armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations may be provided by DDR practitioners in compliance with international standards. Reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools: The UN should provide support to the reintegration of former members of armed forces and groups not only as part of DDR programmes, but also in the absence of such programmes, during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. In these contexts, reintegration may take place alongside/following DDR-related tools or when DDR-related tools are not in use. The aim of this support is to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. Moreover, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent further recruitment and sustain peace, by supporting communities of return, restoring social relations and avoiding perceptions of inequitable access to resources. Integrated DDR processes are made up of different combinations of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. These different measures should be applied in an integrated manner, with joint mechanisms that guarantee coordination and synergy among all UN actors. The UN shall use the concept and abbreviation \u2018DDR\u2019 as a comprehensive term referring to integrated DDR, and including DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. Importantly, integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "d6db000e-5d82-4efd-b1fa-4edd36853ab1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction: The rationale and mandate for integrated DDR As DDR is implemented in partnership with Member States and draws on the expertise of a wide range of stakeholders, an integrated approach is vital to ensure that all actors are working in harmony towards the same end. Past experiences have highlighted the need for those involved in planning and implementing DDR and monitoring its impacts to work together in a complementary way that avoids unnecessary duplication of effort or competition for funds and other resources (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is guided by several policies and agendas that frame the UN\u2019s work on peace, security and development: Echoing the Brahimi Report (A/55/305; S/2000/809), the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) in June 2015 recommended a common and realistic understanding of mandates, including required capabilities and standards, to improve the design and delivery of peace operations. Integrated DDR is part of this effort, based on joint analysis, comprehensive approaches, coordinated policies, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support. The Sustaining Peace Approach \u2013 manifested in the General Assembly and Security Council twin resolutions on the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture (General Assembly resolution 70/262 and Security Council resolution 2282 [2016]) \u2013 underscores the mutually reinforcing relationship between prevention and sustaining peace, while recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire UN system. It also emphasizes the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the UN system in its long-term engagement with conflict-affected countries, and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and sub-regional organizations as well as international financial institutions. Integrated DDR also needs to be understood as a concrete and direct contribution to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are underpinned by the principle of leaving no one behind. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development explicitly links development to peace and security, while SDG 16 is focused on the promotion of peaceful, just and inclusive societies. Specifically, integrated DDR contributes to the implementation of: SDG 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. SDG 16.4: By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime. SDG 8.7: Take immediate steps to \u2026 secure the prohibition and elimination of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2015 end child labour in all its forms. Gender-responsive DDR also contributes to: SDG 5.1: End all forms of discrimination against women. SDG 5.2: Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in public and private spaces, including trafficking, sexual and other types of exploitation. SDG 5.6: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights. The Quadrennial Comprehensive Policy Review (A/71/243, 21 December 2016, para. 14), states that \u201ca comprehensive whole-of-system response, including greater cooperation and complementarity among development, disaster risk reduction, humanitarian action and sustaining peace, is fundamental to most efficiently and effectively addressing needs and attaining the Sustainable Development Goals.\u201d Moreover, integrated DDR often takes place amid protracted humanitarian contexts which, since the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit Commitment to Action, have been framed through various initiatives that recognize the need to strengthen the humanitarian, development and peace nexus. These initiatives \u2013 such as the Grand Bargain, the New Way of Working (NWoW), and the Global Compact on Refugees \u2013 all call for humanitarian, development and peace stakeholders to identify shared priorities or collective outcomes that can serve as a common framework to guide respective planning processes. In contexts where the UN system implements these approaches, integrated DDR processes can contribute to the achievement of these collective outcomes. In all contexts \u2013 humanitarian, development, and peacebuilding \u2013 upholding human rights, including gender equality, is pivotal to UN-supported integrated DDR. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, UNGA 217, 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights form the International Bill of Human Rights. These fundamental instruments, combined with various treaties and conventions, including (but not limited to) the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the\u00a0International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the\u00a0United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the\u00a0United Nations Convention Against Torture, establish the obligations of Governments to promote and protect human rights and the fundamental freedoms of individuals and groups, applicable throughout integrated DDR. The work of the United Nations in all contexts is conducted under the auspices of upholding this body of law, promoting and protecting the rights of DDR participants and the communities into which they integrate, and assisting States in carrying out their responsibilities. \tAt the same time, the Secretary-General\u2019s Action for Peacekeeping (A4P) initiative, launched in March 2018 as the core agenda for peacekeeping reform, seeks to refocus peacekeeping with realistic expectations, make peacekeeping missions stronger and safer, and mobilize greater support for political solutions and for well-structured, well-equipped and well-trained forces. In relation to the need for integrated DDR solutions, the A4P Declaration of Shared Commitment, shared by the Secretary-General on 16 August 2018, calls for the inclusion and engagement of civil society and all segments of the local population in peacekeeping mandate implementation. In addition, it includes commitments related to strengthening national ownership and capacity, ensuring integrated analysis and planning, and seeking greater coherence among UN system actors, including through joint platforms such as the Global Focal Point on Police, Justice and Corrections. Relatedly, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament, launched in May 2018, also calls for \u201cdisarmament that saves lives\u201d, including new efforts to rein in the use of explosive weapons in populated areas \u2013 through common standards, the collection of data on collateral harm, and the sharing of policy and practice. The UN General Assembly and the Security Council have called on all parts of the UN system to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women within their mandates, ensuring that commitments made are translated into progress on the ground and gender policies in the IDDRS. More concretely, UNSCR 1325 (2000) encourages all those involved in the planning of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration to consider the distinct needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. The Global Study on 1325, reflected in UNSCR 2242 (2015), also recommends that mission planning include gender-responsive DDR programmes. Furthermore, Security Council Resolution 2282 (2016), the Review of the United Nations Peacebuilding Architecture, the Review of Women, Peace and Security, and the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations (HIPPO) note the importance of women\u2019s roles in sustaining peace. UNSCR 2282 highlights the importance of women\u2019s leadership and participation in conflict prevention, resolution and peacebuilding, recognizing the continued need to increase the representation of women at all decision-making levels, including in the negotiation and implementation of DDR programmes. UN General Assembly resolution 70/304 calls for women\u2019s participation as negotiators in peace processes, including those incorporating DDR provisions, while the Secretary-General\u2019s Seven Point Action Plan on Gender-Responsive Peacebuilding calls for 15% of funding in support of post-conflict peacebuilding projects to be earmarked for women\u2019s empowerment and gender-equality programming. Finally, the Secretary-General\u2019s Agenda for Disarmament calls on States to incorporate gender perspectives into the development of national legislation and policies on disarmament and arms control \u2013 in particular, the gendered aspects of ownership, use and misuse of arms; the differentiated impacts of weapons on women and men; and the ways in which gender roles can shape arms control and disarmament policies and practices.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "421be60a-f6a3-488d-b05b-8c2291e97a18", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4. The UN DDR approach\t The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR is applicable to mission and non-mission contexts, and emphasizes the role of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support, including when complementing DDR-related tools. The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority. Children must be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities at all times, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. DDR programmes consist of a range of activities falling under the operational categories of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration. (See definitions above.) These programmes are typically top-down and are designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement between armed groups and the Government. The UN views DDR programmes as an integral part of peacebuilding efforts. DDR programmes focus on the post-conflict security problem that arises when combatants are left without livelihoods and support networks during the vital period stretching from conflict to peace, recovery and development. DDR programmes also help to build national capacity for long-term reintegration and human security, and they recognize the need to contribute to the right to reparation and to guarantees of non-repetition (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). DDR programmes are complex endeavours, with political, military, security, humanitarian and socio-economic dimensions. The establishment of a DDR programme is usually agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. This provides the political, policy and operational framework for the DDR programme. More generally, lessons and experiences have shown that the following preconditions are required for the implementation of a viable DDR programme: the signing of a negotiated ceasefire and/or peace agreement that provides the framework for DDR; trust in the peace process; willingness of the parties to the armed conflict to engage in DDR; and a minimum guarantee of security. DDR programmes provide a framework for their coordination, management and implementation by national Governments with support from the UN system, international financial institutions, and regional stakeholders. They establish the expected outcomes, outputs and activities required, organize costing requirements into a budget, and set the monitoring and evaluation framework by identifying indicators, targets and milestones. The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR acknowledges that planning for DDR programmes shall be initiated as early as possible, even before a ceasefire and/or peace agreement is signed, before sufficient trust is built in the peace process, and before minimum conditions of security are reached that enable the parties to the conflict to engage willingly in DDR (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning). DDR programmes alone cannot resolve conflict or prevent violence, and such programmes need to be firmly anchored in an overall political and peacebuilding strategy. However, DDR programmes can contribute to security and stability so that other elements of a political and peacebuilding strategy, such as elections and power sharing, weapons and ammunition management, security sector reform (SSR) and rule of law reform, can proceed (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and SSR). In recent years, DDR practitioners have increasingly been deployed in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. In some contexts, a peace agreement may have been signed but the armed groups have lost trust in the peace process or reneged on the terms of the deal. In other settings, where there are multiple armed groups, some may sign on to a peace agreement while others do not. In contexts of violent extremism conducive to terrorism, peace agreements are only a remote possibility. It is not solely the lack of ceasefire agreements or peace processes that makes integrated DDR more challenging, but also the proliferation and diversification of armed groups, including some with links to transnational networks and organized crime. The phenomenon of violent extremism, as and when conducive to terrorism, creates legal and operational challenges for integrated DDR and, as a result, requires specific guidance. (For legal guidance pertinent to the UN approach to DDR, see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR.) Support to programmes for individuals leaving armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations, among other things, should be predicated on a comprehensive screening process based on international standards, including international human rights obligations and national justice frameworks. There is no universally agreed upon definition of \u2018terrorism\u2019, nor associated terms such as \u2018violent extremism\u2019. Nevertheless, the 19 international instruments on terrorism agree on definitions of terrorist acts/offenses, which are binding on Member States that are party to these conventions, as well as Security Council resolutions that describe terrorist acts. Practitioners should have a solid grounding in the evolving international counter-terrorism framework as established by the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, relevant General Assembly and Security Council resolutions and mandates, and the Secretary-General\u2019s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism. In response to these challenges, DDR practitioners may contribute to stabilization initiatives through the use of DDR-related tools. The specific aims of DDR-related tools will vary according to the context and can contribute to broader political and peacebuilding efforts in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), and/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools. DDR-related tools may be applied before, during and after DDR programmes as complementary measures. However, they may also be used when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not in place. When this occurs, it is particularly important to delimit the boundaries of an integrated DDR process. Integrated DDR processes without DDR programmes do not include all ongoing stabilization and recovery measures, but only those DDR-related tools (CVR, transitional WAM, and so forth) and reintegration efforts that directly respond to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups. Clear DDR mandates and specific requests for DDR assistance also define the parameters and scope of integrated DDR processes. The UN\u2019s integrated approach to DDR recognizes the need to provide support for reintegration when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. In line with the sustaining peace approach, this means that the UN should provide long-term support to reintegration that takes place in the absence of DDR programmes during conflict escalation, ongoing conflict and post-conflict reconstruction (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). The first goal of this support should be to facilitate the sustainable reintegration of those leaving armed forces and groups. However, as part of the sustaining peace approach, community-based reintegration programmes should also aim to contribute to dynamics that aim to prevent future recruitment and sustain peace. In this regard, opportunities should be seized to prevent relapse into conflict (or any form of violence), including by tackling root causes and understanding peace dynamics. Appropriate linkages should also be established with local and national stabilization, recovery and development plans. Reintegration support as part of sustaining peace is not only an integral part of DDR programmes, it also follows SSR where armed forces or the police are rightsized; complements DDR-related tools, such as CVR, through sustainable measures; or is provided to persons formerly associated with armed groups labelled and/or designated as terrorist organizations. In sum, in countries in active armed conflict or emerging from armed conflict, DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support contribute to stabilization efforts, to addressing gender inequalities exacerbated by conflict, and to creating an environment in which a peace process, political and social reconciliation, access to livelihoods and sustainable decent work, and long-term development can take root. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place, the DDR of combatants from both armed forces and groups can help to establish a climate of confidence and security, a necessity for recovery activities to begin, which can directly yield tangible benefits for the population. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, practitioners may choose from a set of DDR-related tools and measures in support of reintegration that can contribute to stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. As such, integrated DDR processes should be seen as integral parts of efforts to consolidate peace and promote stability, and not merely as a set of sequenced technical programmes and activities. Overall, integrated DDR has evolved beyond support to national, linear and sequenced DDR programmes, to become a process addressing the entire peace continuum in both mission and non-mission contexts, at regional, national and local levels.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "369b63e4-437e-4ecd-b4e5-98606d1eba64", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "5. UN DDR in mission and non-mission settings The UN has been involved in integrated DDR across the peace continuum since the late 1980s. During the past 25 years, the UN has amassed considerable experience and knowledge of the coordination, design, implementation, financing, and monitoring and evaluation of DDR programmes. Over the past 10 years the UN has also gained similar experience in the use of DDR-related tools and reintegration support when the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present. Integrated DDR originates from various parts of the UN\u2019s core mandate, as set out in the Charter of the UN, particularly the areas of peace and security, economic and social development, human rights and humanitarian assistance. UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds are uniquely able to support integrated DDR processes both in mission settings, where peace operations are in place, and in non-mission settings, where there is no peace operation present, providing breadth of scope, neutrality, impartiality and capacity-building through the sharing of technical DDR skills.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "ba9339cd-a86d-480c-a660-c4f9e50a5b09", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "5.1 DDR in mission settings Mission settings are those situations in which peace operations are deployed through peacekeeping operations, political missions and good offices engagements, by the UN or a regional organization. Where peace operations are mandated to manage and resolve an actual or potential conflict within States, DDR is generally mandated through a UN Security Council resolution, ideally within the framework of a ceasefire and/or a comprehensive peace agreement with specific provisions on DDR. Decision-making and accountability rest with the Special Representative or Special Envoy of the Secretary-General. Missions with a DDR mandate usually include a dedicated DDR component to support the design and implementation of a nationally led DDR programme. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the Security Council may also mandate UN peace operations to implement specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, to support the creation of a conducive environment for a DDR programme. These types of DDR-related tools can also be designed and implemented to contribute to other mandated priorities such as the protection of civilians, stabilization and support to the overall peace process. Integrated disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and other DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support) fall under the responsibility of the UN peace operation\u2019s DDR component. The reintegration component will be supported and/or undertaken in an integrated manner very often by relevant agencies, funds and programmes within the United Nations Country Team (UNCT), as well as international financial institutions, under the leadership of the Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General (DSRSG)/Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)/Resident Coordinator (RC), who will designate lead agency(ies). The DDR mission component shall therefore work in close coordination with the UNCT. The UN DSRSG/HC/RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group at the country level with co-chairs to be defined, as appropriate, to coordinate the contributions of the UNCT and international financial institutions to integrated DDR. While UN military and police contingents provide a minimum level of security, support from other mission components may include communications, gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and youth and child protection. With regard to special political missions and good offices engagements, DDR implementation structures and partnerships may need to be adjusted to the mission\u2019s composition as the mandate evolves. This adjustment can take account of needs at the country level, most notably with regard to the size and capacities of the DDR component, uniformed personnel and other relevant technical expertise. In the case of peace operations, the Security Council mandate also forms the basis for assessed funding for all activities related to disarmament, demobilization (including reinsertion) and DDR-related tools (except those covering reintegration support). Fundraising for reintegration assistance and other activities needs to be conducted by Governments and/or regional organizations with support from United Nations peace operations, agencies, funds and programmes, bilateral donors and relevant international financial institutions. Regarding special political missions and good offices engagements, support to integrated DDR planning and implementation may require extra-budgetary funding in the form of voluntary contributions and the establishment of alternative financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "cfc5272d-44bc-4a45-a7df-3d5f150d3bc1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.2 DDR in non-mission settings Non-mission settings are those situations in which there is no peace operation deployed to a country, either through peacekeeping, political missions or good offices engagements, by either the UN or regional organizations. In countries where there is no United Nations peace operation mandated by the Security Council, UN DDR support will be provided when either a national Government and/or UN RC requests assistance. The disarmament and demobilization components of a DDR programme will be undertaken by national institutions with advice and technical support from relevant UN departments, agencies, programmes and funds, the UNCT, regional organizations and bilateral actors. The reintegration component will be supported and/or implemented by the UNCT and relevant international financial institutions in an integrated manner. When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the implementation of specific DDR-related tools, such as CVR, and/or reintegration support, may be considered. The alignment of CVR initiatives in non-mission contexts with reintegration assistance is essential. Decision-making and accountability for UN-supported DDR rest, in this context, with the UN RC, who will identify one or more UN lead agency(ies) in the UNCT based on in-country capacity and expertise. The UN RC should establish a UN DDR Working Group co-chaired by the lead agency(ies) at the country level to coordinate the contribution of the UNCT to integrated DDR, including on issues related to gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities. DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support, where applicable, will require the allocation of national budgets and/or the mobilization of voluntary contributions, including through the establishment of financial management structures, such as a dedicated multi-donor trust fund or catalytic funding provided by the Peacebuilding Fund (PBF).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f52e2f3e-3f68-441e-aa39-87dd1388161f", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "6. When is DDR appropriate? Violent conflicts do not always completely cease when a political settlement is reached or a peace agreement is signed. There remains a real danger that violence will flare up again during the immediate post-conflict period, because putting right the political, security, social and economic problems and other root causes of war is a long-term project. Furthermore, peace operations are often mandated in contexts where an agreement is yet to be reached or where a peace process is yet to be initiated or is only partially initiated. In non-mission contexts, requests from the Government for the UN to support DDR are made either when ceasefires are reached or when a peace agreement or a comprehensive peace agreement is signed. This is why practitioners should decide whether DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and/or reintegration support constitute the most appropriate response to a particular situation. A DDR programme will only be appropriate when the preconditions referred to above are in place.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "e7f9effd-f546-4481-98d8-8a4421e5a2f3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "6.1 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place When the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, the reintegration of former combatants and persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups may be supported in line with the sustaining peace approach, i.e., during conflict escalation, conflict and post-conflict. Furthermore, practitioners may choose from a menu of DDR-related tools. (See table above.) Unlike DDR programmes, DDR-related tools are not designed to implement the terms of a peace agreement. Instead, when the preconditions for a DDR-programme are not in place, DDR-related tools may be used in line with United Nations Security Council and General Assembly mandates and broader strategic frameworks, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), the Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) and/or the Integrated Strategic Framework. A gender- and child-sensitive approach should be applied to the planning, implementation and monitoring of DDR-related tools.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "afb9bd7c-1647-4376-be0b-c2bd64d4cb32", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "6.2 When the preconditions for a DDR programme are in place When the preconditions are in place, the UN may support the establishment of DDR programmes. Other DDR-related tools can also be implemented before, after or alongside DDR programmes, as complementary measures (see table above). The UN may employ or support a variety of DDR programming elements adapted to suit each context. These may include: The disbanding of armed groups: Governments may request assistance to disband armed groups. The establishment of a DDR programme is agreed to and defined within a ceasefire, the ending of hostilities or a comprehensive peace agreement. Trust and commitment by the parties to the implementation of an agreement and minimum conditions of security are essential for the success of a DDR programme. Administratively, there is little difference between DDR programmes for armed forces and armed groups. Both may require the full registration of weapons and personnel, followed by the collection of information, referral and counselling that are needed before effective reintegration programmes can be put in place. The rightsizing of armed forces or police: Governments may request assistance to downsize or restructure their armies or police and supporting institutional infrastructure (salaries, benefits, basic services, etc.). Such processes contribute to security sector reform (SSR) (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). DDR practitioners should work in close collaboration with SSR experts while planning reintegration support to former members of armed forces. The repatriation of foreign combatants and associated groups: Considering the regional dimensions of conflict, Governments may agree to assistance to repatriation. DDR programmes may need to become involved in repatriating national combatants and their civilian family members, as well as children associated with armed forces and groups who may have crossed an international border. Such repatriation needs to be in accordance with the principle of non-refoulement, as set out in international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). While DDR programmes are primarily used to address the security challenges posed by members of armed forces and groups, provisions should be made for the inclusion of other groups (including civilians and youth at risk), depending on resources and local circumstances. National institutions should be supported to determine the policy on direct benefits and reintegration assistance during a DDR programme. Civilians and civil society groups in communities to which members of the abovementioned groups will return should be consulted during the planning and design phase of DDR programmes, as well as informed and supported in order to assist them to receive ex-combatants and their dependents/families during the reintegration phase.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "effce415-7ad1-4f91-bfd2-2963d1253688", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "7. Who is DDR for? Five categories of people should be taken into consideration, as participants and beneficiaries, in integrated DDR processes. This will depend on the context, and the particular combination of DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support in use: 1)\tmembers of armed forces and groups who served in combat and/or support roles (those in support roles are often referred to as being associated with armed forces and groups); 2)\tabductees/victims; 3)\tdependents/families; 4)\tcivilian returnees/\u2019self-demobilized\u2019; 5)\tcommunity members. Consideration should be given to addressing the specific needs of women, youth, children, persons with disabilities, and persons with chronic illnesses in each of these five categories. National actors, such as Governments, political parties, the military, signatory and non-signatory armed groups, non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations and the media are all stakeholders in integrated DDR processes along with international actors.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "55241941-4b0b-4cc8-bf5a-b93620907096", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8. What principles guide UN DDR? All UN DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, and reintegration support shall be voluntary, people-centred, gender-responsive and inclusive, conflict sensitive, context specific, flexible, accountable and transparent, nationally and locally owned, regionally supported, integrated and well planned.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f696b32e-7dad-4785-a3bb-7e0f44b85a72", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.1 Voluntary Integrated DDR shall be a voluntary process for both armed forces and groups, both as organizations and individual (ex)combatants. Groups and individuals shall not be coerced to participate. This principle has become even more important, but contested, in contemporary conflict environments where the participation of some combatants in nationally, locally, or privately supported efforts is arguably involuntary, for example as a result of their capture on the battlefield or their being forced into a DDR programme under duress. Integrated DDR should not be conflated with military operations or counter-insurgency strategies. Although the UN does not generally engage in detention operations and DDR has traditionally been a voluntary process, the nature of conflict environments and the growing potential for overlap with State-led efforts countering violent extremism and counter-terrorism has increased the likelihood that the UN and other actors engaging in DDR may be faced with detention-related dilemmas. DDR practitioners should therefore pay particular attention to such questions when operating in complex conflict environments and seek legal advice if confronted with surrendered or captured combatants in overt military operations, or if there are any concerns regarding the voluntariness of persons participating in DDR. They should also be aware of requirements contained in Chapter VII resolutions of the Security Council that, among other things, call for Member States to bring terrorists to justice and oblige national authorities to ensure the prosecution of suspected terrorists as appropriate (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "bd8ffabb-f5b8-43ab-9ed2-d5c6032ab935", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "8.2.1. Criteria for participation/eligibility Determining the criteria that define which people are eligible to participate in integrated DDR, particularly in situations where mainly armed groups are involved, is vital if aims are to be achieved. In DDR programmes, eligibility criteria must be carefully designed and ready for use in the disarmament and demobilization stages. DDR programmes are aimed at combatants and persons associated with armed forces and groups. These groups may be composed of different categories of people who have participated in the conflict within armed forces and groups such as abductees/victims or dependents/families. In instances where the preconditions for a DDR programme are not in place, or where combatants are ineligible for DDR programmes, DDR-related tools, such as CVR, or support to reintegration may be provided. Determination of eligibility for these activities should be undertaken by relevant national and local authorities with support from UN missions, agencies, programmes and funds as appropriate. Armed groups in particular have a variety of structures \u2014 rebel groups, armed gangs, etc. In order to provide the best assistance, operational and implementation strategies that deal with their specific needs should be adopted.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "83167a56-ac6a-42b4-862a-64fd42813a59", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "8.2.2. Unconditional release and protection of children The unconditional and immediate release of children associated with armed forces and groups must be a priority, irrespective of the status of peace negotiations and/or the development of DDR programmes and DDR-related tools. UN-supported DDR interventions shall not be allowed to encourage the recruitment of children into armed forces and groups in any way, especially by commanders trying to increase the number of combatants entering DDR programmes in order to profit from assistance provided to combatants. When DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are implemented, children shall be separated from armed forces and groups and handed over to child protection agencies. Children will then be supported to demobilize and reintegrate into families and communities (see IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). Only child protection practitioners should interview children associated with armed forces and groups.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "704dbd5a-0709-4079-a3f4-940e6b1d9803", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "UN-supported integrated DDR processes promote the human rights of participants and the communities into which they integrate, and are conducted in line with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law. The UN and its partners should be neutral, transparent and impartial, and should not take sides in any conflict or in political, racial, religious or ideological controversies, or give preferential treatment to different parties taking part in DDR. Neutrality within a rights-based approach should not, however, prevent UN personnel from protesting against or documenting human rights violations or taking some other action (e.g., advocacy, simple presence, political steps, local negotiations, etc.) to prevent them. Under the UN's Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP), providers of support have a responsibility to monitor the related human rights context, to suspend support under certain circumstances and to engage with national authorities towards addressing violations. Where one or more parties or individuals violate agreements and undertakings, the UN can take appropriate remedial action and/or exclude individuals from DDR. Humanitarian aid must be delivered to all those who are suffering, according to their need, and human rights provide the framework on which an assessment of needs is based. However, mechanisms must also be designed to prevent those who have committed violations of human rights from going unpunished by ensuring that DDR programmes, related tools and reintegration support do not operate as a reward system for the worst violators. In many post-conflict situations, there is often a tension between reconciliation and justice, but efforts must be made to ensure that serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law by ex-combatants and their supporters are dealt with through appropriate national and international legal and/or transitional justice mechanisms. Children released from their association with armed forces and groups who have committed war crimes and mass violations of human rights may also be criminally responsible under national law, though any criminal responsibility must be in accordance with international juvenile justice standards and the International Criminal Court Policy on Children (see IDDRS 5.20 on Youth and DDR, and IDDRS 5.30 on Children and DDR). UN-supported DDR interventions should take into consideration local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability, as well as respect for the rule of law, including any accountability, justice and reconciliation mechanisms that may be established with respect to crimes committed in a particular Member State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of the local context.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "e3f04360-4211-47c0-98e8-e14b447fe950", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.3 Gender responsive and inclusive Like men and boys, women and girls are likely to have played many different roles in armed forces and groups, as fighters, supporters, wives or sex slaves, messengers and cooks. The design and implementation of integrated DDR processes should aim to address the specific needs of women and girls, as well as men and boys, taking into account these different experiences, roles, capacities and responsibilities acquired during and after conflicts. Specific measures should be put in place to ensure the equal and meaningful participation of women in all stages of integrated DDR \u2014 from the negotiation of DDR provisions in peace agreements and the establishment of national institutions, to CVR and community-based reintegration support (see IDDRS 5.10 on Gender and DDR). Non-discrimination and fair and equitable treatment are core principles in both the design and implementation of integrated DDR processes. The eligibility criteria for DDR shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of sex, age, gender identity, race, religion, nationality, ethnic origin, political opinion, or other personal characteristics or associations. Furthermore, the opportunities/benefits that eligible ex-combatants have access to when participating in a particular DDR process shall not discriminate against individuals on the basis of their former affiliation with a particular armed force or group. It is likely there will be a need to address potential \u2018spoilers\u2019, e.g., by negotiating \u2018special packages\u2019 for commanders in order to secure their buy-in and to ensure that they allow combatants to participate. This political compromise must be carefully negotiated on a case-by-case basis. Furthermore, the inclusion of youth at risk and other non-combatants should also be seen as a measure helping to prevent future recruitment.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "e772bbd4-fc98-44a7-9ae3-db5b41d9b5a9", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 22, - "Paragraph": "8.4 Conflict sensitive \u2018Do no harm\u2019 is a standard principle against which all DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support shall be evaluated at all times. No false promises shall be made; and, ultimately, no individual or community should be made less secure by the return of ex-combatants or the presence of UN peacekeeping, police or civilian personnel. The establishment of UN-supported prevention, protection and monitoring mechanisms (including systems for ensuring access to justice and police protection, etc.) is essential to prevent and punish sexual and gender-based violence, harassment and intimidation, or any other violation of human rights. It is particularly important to consider \u2018do no harm\u2019 when assessing the reinsertion and reintegration options for female fighters or women and girls associated with armed forces and groups.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "2e266cf8-5370-4857-b40d-4e9e13772906", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 22, - "Paragraph": "8.5 Context specific Integrated DDR needs to be flexible and context-specific in order to address national, regional, and global realities. DDR should consider the nature of armed groups, conflict drivers, peace opportunities, gender dynamics, and community dynamics. All UN or UN-supported DDR interventions shall be designed to take local conditions and needs into account. The IDDRS provide DDR practitioners with comprehensive guidance and analytical tools for the planning and design of DDR rather than a standard formula that is applicable to every situation.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "5372bd4e-3762-4d7a-b6ec-3487ddc98349", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 22, - "Paragraph": "8.6.1 Flexible, sustainable and transparent funding arrangements Due to the complex and dynamic nature of integrated DDR processes, flexible and long-term funding arrangements are essential. The multidimensional nature of DDR requires an initial investment of staff and funds for planning and programming, as well as accessible and sustainable sources of funding throughout the different phases of implementation. Funding mechanisms, including trust funds, pooled funding, etc., and the criteria established for the use of funds shall be flexible. Past experience has shown that assigning funds exclusively for specific DDR components (e.g., disarmament and demobilization) or expenditures (e.g., logistics and equipment) sets up an artificial distinction between the different elements of a DDR programme and makes it difficult to implement the programme in an integrated, flexible and dynamic way. The importance of planning and initiating reinsertion and reintegration support activities at the start of a DDR programme has become increasingly evident, so adequate financing for reintegration needs to be secured in advance. This should help to prevent delays or gaps in implementation that could threaten or undermine the programme\u2019s credibility and viability (see IDDRS 3.41 on Finance and Budgeting).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "3d121eea-581f-45da-87b4-bb56adce7af2", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.6.2 Accountability and transparency In order to build confidence and ensure legitimacy, and to justify financial and technical support by international actors, DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are, from the very beginning, predicated on the principles of accountability and transparency. Post-conflict stabilization and the establishment of immediate security are the overall goals of DDR, but integrated DDR also takes place in a wider recovery and reconstruction framework. While both short-term and long-term strategies should be developed in the planning phase, due to the dynamic and volatile conflict and post-conflict context, interventions must be flexible and adaptable. The UN aims to establish transparent mechanisms for the independent monitoring, oversight and evaluation of integrated DDR and its financing mechanisms. It also attempts to create an environment in which all stakeholders understand and are accountable for achieving broad objectives and implementing the details of integrated DDR processes, even if circumstances change. Many types of accountability are needed to ensure transparency, including: the commitment of the national authorities and the parties to a peace agreement or political framework to honour the agreements they have signed and implement DDR programmes in good faith; the accountability and transparency of all relevant actors in contexts where the preconditions for DDR are not in place and alternative DDR-related tools and reintegration support measures are implemented; the accountability of national and international implementing agencies to the five categories of persons who can become participants in DDR for the professional and timely carrying out of activities and delivery of services; the adherence of all parts of the UN system (missions, departments, agencies, programmes and funds) to IDDRS principles and guidance for designing and implementing DDR; the commitment of Member States and bilateral partners to provide timely political and financial support to integrated DDR processes. Although DDR practitioners should always aim to meet core commitments, setbacks and unforeseen events should be expected. Flexibility and contingency planning are therefore needed. It is essential to establish realistic goals and make reasonable promises to those involved, and to explain setbacks to stakeholders and participants in order to maintain their confidence and cooperation.", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "186b4be7-8b1b-4d7a-adcd-5577fe7cb033", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 24, - "Paragraph": "8.7. Nationally and locally owned Ensuring national and local ownership is crucial to the success of integrated DDR. National ownership ensures that DDR programmes, DDR-related tools and reintegration support are informed by an understanding of the local context, the dynamics of the conflict, and the dynamics between ex-combatants and community members. Even when receiving financial and technical assistance from partners, it is the responsibility of national Governments to ensure coordination between government ministries and local government, between Government and national civil society, and between Government and external partners. In contexts where national capacity is weak, a Government exerts national ownership by building the capacity of its national institutions, by contributing to the integrated DDR process and by creating links to other peacebuilding and development initiatives. This is particularly important in the case of reintegration support, as measures should be designed as part of national development and recovery efforts. National and local capacity must be systematically developed, as follows: Creating national and local institutional capacity: A primary role of the UN is to supply technical assistance, training and financial support to national authorities to establish credible, capable, representative and sustainable national institutions and programmes. Such assistance should be based on an assessment and understanding of the particular context and the type of DDR activities to be implemented, including commitments to gender equality. Finding implementing partners: Besides national institutions, civil society is a key partner in DDR. The technical capacity and expertise of civil society groups will often need to be strengthened, particularly when conflict has diminished human and financial resources. Particular attention should be paid to supporting the capacity development of women\u2019s civil society groups to ensure equal participation as partners in DDR. Doing so will help to create a sustainable environment for DDR and to ensure its long-term success. Employing local communities and authorities: Local communities and authorities play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of DDR, particularly in support of reintegration and the implementation of DDR-related tools. Therefore, their capacities for strategic planning and programme and/or financial management must be strengthened. Local authorities and populations, ex-combatants and their dependents/families, and women and girls formerly associated with armed forces and groups shall all be involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of integrated DDR processes. This is to ensure that the needs of both individuals and the community are addressed. Increased local ownership builds support for reintegration and reconciliation efforts and supports other local peacebuilding and recovery processes. As the above list shows, national ownership involves more than just central government leadership: it includes the participation of a broad range of State and non-State actors at national, provincial and local levels. Within the IDDRS framework, the UN supports the development of a national DDR strategy, not only by representatives of the various parties to the conflict, but also by civil society; and it encourages the active participation of affected communities and groups, particularly those formerly marginalized in DDR and post-conflict reconstruction processes, such as representatives of women\u2019s groups, children\u2019s advocates, people from minority communities, and persons with disabilities and chronic illness. In supporting national institutions, the UN, along with key international and regional actors, can help to ensure broad national ownership, adherence to international principles, credibility, transparency and accountability (see IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR).", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "3cced4cd-3c8e-4e33-8da2-dfd2f9f912d4", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 24, - "Paragraph": "8.8 Regionally supported The regional causes of conflict and the political, social and economic interrelationships among neighbouring States sharing insecure borders will present challenges in the implementation of DDR. Managing repatriation and the cross-border movement of weapons and armed groups requires careful coordination among UN agencies and regional organizations supporting DDR, both in the countries concerned and in neighbouring countries where there may be spill-over effects. The return of foreign former combatants and mercenaries may be a particular problem and will require a separate strategy (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Most notably, UN actors need to engage regional stakeholders in order to foster a conducive regional environment, including support from neighbouring countries, for DDR interventions addressing armed groups operating on foreign national territory and with regional structures.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "97b1314a-0d6f-45ce-b7c9-368eb92e34a7", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.9. Integrated From the earliest assessment phase and throughout all stages of strategy development, planning and implementation, it is essential to encourage integration and unity of effort within the UN system and with national players. It is also important to coordinate the participation of international partners so as to achieve common objectives. Joint assessments and programming are key to ensuring that DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission contexts are implemented in an integrated manner. DDR practitioners should also strive for an integrated approach in contexts where DDR programmes are used in combination with DDR-related tools, and in settings where the preconditions for DDR programmes are absent (see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "2f112f0c-5111-4326-8518-e4e38e73c7f7", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.10.1. Safety and security Given that DDR is aimed at groups who are a security risk and is implemented in fragile security environments, both risks and operational security and safety protocols should be decided on before the planning and implementation of activities. These should include the security and safety needs of UN and partner agency personnel involved in DDR operations, DDR participants (who will have many different needs) and members of local communities. Security and other services must be provided either by UN military and/or a UN police component or national police and security forces. Security concerns should be included in operational plans, and clear criteria, in line with the UN Programme Criticality Framework, should be established for starting, delaying, suspending or cancelling activities and/or operations, should security risks be too high.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "ad2d73ac-9e3d-47b1-82f6-4a01bcda3cda", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 25, - "Paragraph": "8.10.2. Planning: assessment, design, monitoring and evaluation Integrated DDR processes shall be designed on the basis of detailed quantitative and qualitative data. Supporting information management systems should ensure that this data remains up to date, accurate and accessible. In the planning stages, information is gathered on the location of armed forces and groups, the demographics of their members (grouped according to sex and age), their weapons stocks, and the political and conflict dynamics at national and local levels. Surveys of national and local labour market conditions and reintegration opportunities should be undertaken. Regularly updating this information, as well as population-specific surveys (e.g., with women associated with armed forces and groups), allows for DDR to adapt to changing circumstances (also see IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated Planning, IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design and IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR). Internal and external monitoring and evaluation mechanisms must be established from the start to strengthen accountability within integrated DDR, ensure quality in the implementation and delivery of DDR activities and services, and allow for flexibility and adaptation of strategies and activities when required. Monitoring and evaluation should be based on an integrated approach to metrics, and produce lessons learned and best practices that will influence the further development of IDDRS policy and practice (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation of DDR Programmes).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "51db6960-3ec5-4706-a488-d6fa0b4039be", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.10.3. Public information and community sensitization Public information, awareness-raising and community sensitization ensure that affected communities and participants receive accurate information on DDR procedures and benefits. The sharing of information helps generate broad public support and national ownership, and at the same time manages expectations and encourages behavioural change, the demilitarization of hearts and minds, and reconciliation between ex-combatants and war-affected communities. Public information strategies should be drawn up and implemented as early as possible. Messages should be appropriately tailored for different audiences, considering gender and cultural dimensions in design and delivery, and should employ many different and locally appropriate means of communication (see IDDRS 4.60 on Public Information and Strategic Communication in Support of DDR).", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "444d3fa0-3760-445c-a643-1657b7127142", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.10_The UN Approach to DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 26, - "Paragraph": "8.10.4. Transition and exit strategies While DDR programmes last for a specific period of time that includes the immediate post-conflict situation and the transition and early recovery periods, other aspects of DDR may need to be continued, albeit in a different form. DDR-related tools can be initiated after DDR programmes, such as when the disarmament of armed groups is followed by community-based weapons and ammunition management. Reintegration assistance also becomes an integral part of recovery and development. To ensure a smooth transition from one stage to another, an exit strategy should be defined as soon as possible, and should focus on how integrated DDR will seamlessly transform into broader and/or longer-term development strategies, such as security sector reform, violence prevention, socio-economic recovery, national reconciliation, peacebuilding, gender equality and poverty reduction. Annex A: Abbreviations A4P\t\tAction for Peacekeeping CEDAW\tConvention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women CVR\t\tcommunity violence reduction HIPPO\t\tHigh-Level Independent Panel of Peace Operations HRDDP\tHuman Rights Due Diligence Policy HRP\t\tHumanitarian Response Plan NWoW\t\tNew Way of Working PBF\t\tPeacebuilding Fund SDGs\t\tSustainable Development Goals SSR\t\tsecurity sector reform UDHR\t\tUniversal Declaration of Human Rights UNCT\t\tUN Country Team UN DSRSG\tUN Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General UN HC\t\tUN Humanitarian Coordinator UN RC\t\tUN Resident Coordinator UNSDCF\tUN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework WAM\t\tweapons and ammunition management", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json deleted file mode 100644 index 4ebde3f..0000000 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,344 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "ID": "cfa89d8f-a090-4845-9d49-b076dafdc377", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Contents Summary 1. Module scope and objectives 2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3. Introduction 4. General guiding principles 4.1 Mandate 4.2 Normative legal framework 4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework 4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures 4.5 Status, privileges and immunities Annex A: Abbreviations Endnotes", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "86adcb66-2161-49c2-8db9-d6f33466034a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary A variety of actors in the UN system support DDR processes within national contexts. In carrying out DDR, these actors are governed by their respective constituent instruments, by the specific mandates provided by their respective governing bodies, and by applicable internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR is also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework, which contains rights and obligations that may be of relevance for the implementation of DDR tasks. This framework includes international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law, as well as the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. UN system-supported DDR processes should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under the international legal framework are respected.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "990a4eb0-f76f-41bd-849c-fcbe908813a0", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 2, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives This module aims to provide an overview of the international legal framework that may be relevant to UN system-supported DDR processes. Unless otherwise stated, in this module, the term \u201cDDR practitioners\u201d refers only to DDR practitioners within the UN system, namely the United Nations (UN), its subsidiary organs, country offices and field missions, as well as UN specialized agencies and related organizations. This module is intended to sensitize DDR practitioners within the UN system to the legal issues that should be considered, and that may arise, when developing or implementing a DDR process. This sensitization is done so that DDR practitioners will be conscious of when to reach out to an appropriate, competent legal office to seek legal advice. Each section thus contains guiding principles and some red lines, where they exist, to highlight issues that DDR practitioners should be aware of. Guiding principles seek to provide direction, while red lines indicate boundaries that DDR practitioners should not cross. If it is possible that a red line might be crossed, or if a red line has been crossed inadvertently, legal advice should be sought immediately. This module should not be relied upon to the exclusion of legal advice in a specific case or context. In situations of doubt with regard to potential legal issues, or to the application or interpretation of a particular legal rule, advice should always be sought from the competent legal office of the relevant entity, who may, when and as appropriate, refer it to their relevant legal office at headquarters.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f4182401-3fd9-4432-ab38-e93091b2ae3a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 2, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation. This Module does not adopt the terminology of \u2018must\u2019. For the purposes of this Module, the word \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate an obligation, arising from a variety of sources, which has to be complied\u00a0with by the DDR practitioner.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "1ce15b8a-c46e-4594-be69-b674e93b1338", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 3, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction In carrying out DDR processes, UN system actors are governed by their constituent instruments and by the specific mandates given to them by their respective governing bodies. In general, a mandate authorizes and tasks an actor to carry out specific functions. Mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes that will determine the scope of activities that can be undertaken. In the case of the UN and its subsidiary organs, including its funds and programmes, the primary source of all mandates is the Charter of the United Nations (the \u2018Charter\u2019). Specific mandates are further established through the adoption of decisions by the Organization\u2019s principal organs in accordance with their authority under the Charter. Both the General Assembly and the Security Council have the competency to provide DDR mandates as measures related to the maintenance of international peace and security. For the funds and programmes, mandates are further provided by the decisions of their executive boards. Specialized agencies and related organizations of the UN system similarly operate in host States in accordance with the terms of their constituent instruments and the decisions of their deliberative bodies or other competent organs. In addition to mandates, UN system actors are governed by their internal rules, policies and procedures. DDR processes are also undertaken in the context of a broader international legal framework and should be implemented in a manner that ensures that the relevant rights and obligations under that broader legal framework are respected. Peace agreements, where they exist, are also crucial in informing the implementation of DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates by providing a framework for the DDR process. Peace agreements can take a variety of forms, ranging from local-level agreements to national-level ceasefires and Comprehensive Peace Agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Following the conclusion of an agreement, a DDR policy document may also be developed by the Government and the signatory armed groups, often with UN support. Where the UN DDR mandate consists of providing support to national DDR efforts and makes reference to the peace agreement, DDR practitioners will typically work within the framework of the peace agreement and the DDR policy document.\u00a0 DDR processes can also be implemented in contexts where there are no peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Therefore, if there is no such framework in place, UN system DDR practitioners will have to rely solely on their own entity\u2019s mandate in order to determine their role and responsibilities, as well as the applicable basic principles. Finally, to facilitate DDR processes, UN system actors conclude project and technical agreements with the States in which they operate, which also provide a framework. They also enter into agreements with the host State to regulate their status, privileges and immunities and those of their personnel.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "2deed1a3-57e9-49b4-968e-9d88ca2c8b07", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4. General guiding principles IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of UN supported DDR processes. In addition to these principles, the following general guiding principles related specifically to the legal framework apply when carrying out DDR processes. Abide by the applicable legal framework. The applicable legal framework should be a core consideration at all stages, when drafting, designing, executing and evaluating DDR processes. Failure to abide by the applicable legal framework may result in consequences for the UN entity involved and the UN more generally, including possible liabilities. It may also lead to personal accountability for the DDR practitioner(s) involved. Know your mandate. DDR practitioners should be familiar with the source and scope of their mandate. To the extent that their involvement in the DDR process requires coordination and/or cooperation with other UN system actors, they should also know the respective roles and responsibilities of those other actors. If a peace agreement exists, it should be one of the first documents that DDR practitioners consult to understand the framework in which they will carry out the DDR process. Develop a concept of operations (CONOPS). DDR practitioners should have a common, agreed approach in order to ensure coherence amongst UN system-supported DDR processes and coordination among the various UN system actors that are conducting DDR in a particular context. This can be achieved through a written CONOPS, developed in consultation, as necessary, with the relevant headquarters. The CONOPS can also be adjusted to include the legal obligations of the UN system actor. Develop operation-specific standard operating procedures (SOPs) or guidelines for DDR. Consistent with the CONOPS, DDR practitioners should consider developing operation-specific SOPs or guidelines. These may address, for instance, standards for cooperation with criminal justice and other accountability processes, measures for controlling access to DDR encampments or other installations, measures for the safe handling and destruction of weapons and ammunition, and other relevant issues. They may also include references to, and explanations of, the applicable legal standards. Include legal considerations in all relevant project documents. In general, legal considerations should be integrated and addressed, as appropriate, in all relevant written project documents, including those agreed with the host State. Seek legal advice. As a general matter, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice when they are in doubt as to whether a situation raises legal concerns. In particular, DDR practitioners should seek advice when they foresee new elements or significant changes in their DDR processes (e.g., when a new type of activity or new partners are involved). It is important to know where, and how, such advice may be requested and obtained. Familiarity with the legal office in-country and having clear channels of communication for seeking expeditious advice from headquarters are critical.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "671bcd4d-404c-425f-9e7f-ab4a5ac0399a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.1 Mandates As noted above, mandates are the main points of reference for UN-supported DDR processes. The mandate will determine what, when and how DDR processes can be supported or implemented. There are various sources of a UN actor\u2019s mandate to assist DDR processes. For UN peace operations, which are subsidiary organs of the Security Council, the mandate is found in the applicable Security Council resolution. Certain UN funds and programmes also have explicit mandates addressing DDR. In the absence of explicit, specific DDR-related provisions within their mandates, these UN funds and programmes should conduct any activity related to DDR processes in accordance with the principles and objectives in their general mandates. In addition, a number of specialized agencies and related organizations are mandated to conduct activities related to DDR processes. These entities often cooperate with UN peace operations, funds and programmes within their respective mandates in order to ensure a common approach to and coherency of their activities. Where a peace agreement exists, it may address the roles and responsibilities of DDR practitioners, both domestic and international, the basic principles applicable to the DDR process, the strategic approach, institutional mechanisms, timeframes and eligibility criteria. The peace agreement would thus provide guidance to DDR practitioners as to the implementation of their DDR mandate, where they are tasked with providing support to national DDR efforts undertaken pursuant to the peace agreement. It is important to remember, however, that while peace agreements may provide a framework for and guide the implementation of the DDR process, they do not provide the actual mandate to undertake such activities for UN system actors. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the practitioner\u2019s DDR mandate that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. As mentioned above, the authority to carry out DDR processes is established in a UN system actor\u2019s constitutive instrument and/or in a decision by the actor\u2019s governing organ. In countries where no peace agreement exists, there may be no overarching framework for the DDR process, which could result in a lack of clarity regarding objectives, activities, coordination and strategy. In such cases, the fall-back for DDR practitioners would be to rely solely on the mandate of their own entity that is applicable in the relevant State to determine their role in the DDR process, how to coordinate with other actors and the activities they may undertake. If a particular mandate includes assistance to the national authorities in the development and implementation of a DDR process, the UN system actor concerned may, in accordance with its mandate, enter into a technical agreement with the host State on logistical and operational coordination and cooperation. The technical agreement may, as necessary, integrate elements from the peace agreement, if one exists. DDR mandates may also include provisions that tie the development and implementation of DDR processes to other ongoing conflict and post-conflict initiatives, including ones concerning transitional justice (TJ). Many UN system entities operating in post-conflict situations have simultaneous DDR and TJ mandates. The overlap of TJ measures with DDR processes can create tension but may also contribute towards achieving the long-term shared objectives of reconciliation and peace. It is thus crucial that UN-supported DDR processes have a clear and coherent relationship with any TJ measures ongoing within the country (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be familiar with the most recent documents establishing the mandate to conduct DDR processes, specifically, the source and scope of that mandate. When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there is doubt as to whether this new form of activity is authorized under the mandate of their particular entity. When starting a new form of activity related to the DDR process, DDR practitioners should ensure coordination with other relevant initiatives. Peace agreements, in themselves, do not provide UN entities with a mandate to support DDR. It is the reference to the peace agreement in the mandate of the DDR practitioner\u2019s particular entity that makes the peace agreement (and the accompanying DDR policy document) relevant. This mandate may set boundaries regarding what DDR practitioners can do or how they go about their jobs.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9b7e4a0b-2b9a-4d3b-8b4a-d1fb3a1108cc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.2 Normative legal framework DDR processes are also undertaken within the context of a broader international legal framework of rights and obligations that may be relevant to their implementation. This includes, in particular, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, international refugee law, and the international counter-terrorism and arms control frameworks. For the purpose of this module, this international legal framework is referred to as the \u2018normative legal framework\u2019. UN-supported DDR processes should be implemented so as to ensure that the relevant rights and obligations under that normative legal framework are respected.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "5208a2ff-378e-48f2-83b9-c0402a6a4857", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.1 International humanitarian law International humanitarian law (IHL) applies to situations of armed conflict and regulates the conduct of armed forces and non-State armed groups in such situations. It seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, mainly by protecting persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities and by regulating the means and methods of warfare. Among other things, IHL sets out the obligations of parties to armed conflicts to protect civilians, injured and sick persons, and persons deprived of their liberty for reasons related to armed conflicts. The main sources of IHL are the Geneva Conventions (1949) and the two Additional Protocols (1977). There are two types of armed conflict under IHL: (1) international armed conflict (an armed conflict between States) and (2) non-international armed conflict (an armed conflict between a State\u2019s armed forces and an organized armed group, or between organized armed groups). Each type of armed conflict is governed by a distinct set of rules, though the differences between the two regimes have diminished as the law governing non-international armed conflict has developed. Article 3, which is contained in all four Geneva Conventions (often referred to as \u2018common article 3\u2019), applies to non-international armed conflicts and establishes fundamental rules from which no derogation is permitted (i.e., States cannot suspend the performance of their obligations under common article 3). It requires, among other things, humane treatment for all persons in enemy hands, without any adverse distinction. It also specifically prohibits murder; mutilation; torture; cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment; the taking of hostages and unfair trial. Serious violations of IHL (e.g., murder, rape, torture, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and unlawful confinement) in an international or non-international armed conflict situation may constitute war crimes. Issues relating to the possible commission of such crimes (together with crimes against humanity and genocide), and the prosecution of such criminals, are of particular concern when assisting Member States in the development of eligibility criteria for DDR processes (see section 4.2.4, as well as IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). The UN is not a party to the international legal instruments comprising IHL. However, the Secretary-General has confirmed that certain fundamental principles and rules of IHL are applicable to UN forces when, in situations of armed conflict, they are actively engaged as combatants, to the extent and for the duration of their engagement (ST/SGB/1999/13, sect. 1.1). In the context of DDR processes assisted by UN peacekeeping operations, IHL rules regarding deprivation of liberty are normally not applicable to activities undertaken within DDR processes. This is based on the fact that participation in DDR is voluntary \u2013 in other words, persons enrol in DDR processes of their own accord and stay in DDR processes voluntarily (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). They are not deprived of their liberty, and IHL rules concerning detention or internment do not apply. In the event that there are doubts as to whether a person is in fact enrolled in DDR voluntarily, this issue should immediately be brought to the attention of the competent legal office, and advice should be sought. Separately, legal advice should also be sought if the DDR practitioner is of the view that detention is in fact taking place. IHL may nevertheless apply to the wider context within which a DDR process is situated. For example, when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, the UN peacekeeping operation or other UN system actor concerned should take measures to ensure that those national authorities will treat the persons concerned in accordance with their obligations under IHL, and international human rights and refugee laws, where applicable. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be conscious of the conditions of DDR facilities, particularly with respect to the voluntariness of the presence and involvement of DDR participants and beneficiaries (see IDDRS 3.10 on Participants, Beneficiaries and Partners). DDR practitioners should be conscious of the fact that IHL may apply to the wider context within which DDR processes are situated. Safeguards should be put in place to ensure compliance with IHL and international human rights and refugee laws by the host State authorities. Red lines Participation in DDR processes shall be voluntary at all times. DDR participants and beneficiaries are not detained, interned or otherwise deprived of their liberty. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if there are concerns about the voluntariness of involvement in DDR processes.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "917b36b9-29c6-4850-9879-d977f50474dd", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 7, - "Paragraph": "4.2.2 International human rights law Article 55 of the UN Charter calls on the Organization to promote universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, based on the recognition of the dignity, worth and equal rights of all. In their work, all UN personnel have a responsibility to ensure that human rights are promoted, respected, protected and advanced. Accordingly, UN DDR practitioners have a duty in carrying out their work to promote and respect the human rights of all DDR participants and beneficiaries. The main sources of international human rights law are: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (UDHR) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations. It set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) (ICCPR) establishes a range of civil and political rights, including rights of due process and equality before the law, freedom of movement and association, freedom of religion and political opinion, and the right to liberty and security of person. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) (ICESCR) establishes the rights of individuals and duties of States to provide for the basic needs of all persons, including access to employment, education and health care. The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (1984) (CAT) establishes that torture is prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war, internal political instability or other public emergency, and regardless of the orders of superiors or public authorities. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) (CRC) and the Optional Protocol to the CRC on Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) recognize the special status of children and reconfirm their rights, as well as States\u2019 duty to protect children in a number of specific settings, including during armed conflict. The Optional Protocol is particularly relevant to the DDR context, as it concerns the rights of children involved in armed conflict. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) (CEDAW) defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action to end it. CEDAW provides the basis for realizing equality between women and men through ensuring women\u2019s equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life \u2013 including the right to vote and to stand for election \u2013 as well as education, health and employment. States parties agree to take all appropriate measures, including legislation and temporary special measures, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms. General recommendation No. 30 on women in conflict prevention, conflict and post-conflict situations, issued by the CEDAW Committee in 2013, specifically recommends that States parties, among others, ensure (a) women\u2019s participation in all stages of DDR processes; (b) that DDR processes specifically target female combatants and women and girls associated with armed groups and that barriers to their equitable participation are addressed; (c) that mental health and psychosocial support as well as other support services are provided to them; and (d) that DDR processes specifically address women\u2019s distinct needs in order to provide age and gender-specific DDR support. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) (CRPD) clarifies and qualifies how all categories of rights apply to persons with disabilities and identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, and where protection of rights must be reinforced. This is also relevant for people with psychosocial, intellectual and cognitive disabilities, and is a key legislative framework addressing their human rights including the right to quality services and the right to community integration. The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (2006) (ICPPED) establishes that enforced disappearances are prohibited under all circumstances, including in times of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or other public emergency. The following rights enshrined in these instruments are particularly relevant, as they often arise within the DDR context, especially with regard to the treatment of persons located in DDR facilities (including but not limited to encampments): Right to life (article 3 of UDHR; article 6 of ICCPR; article 6 of CRC; article 10 of CRPD); Right to freedom from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (article 5 of UDHR; article 7 of ICCPR; article 2 of CAT; article 37(a) of CRC; article 15 of CRPD); Right to liberty and security of person, which includes the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention (article 9 of UDHR; article 9(1) of ICCPR; article 37 of CRC); Right to fair trial (article 10 of UDHR; article 9 of ICCPR; article 40(2)(iii) of CRC); Right to be free from discrimination (article 2 of UDHR; articles 2 and 24 of ICCPR; article 2 of CRC; article 2 of CEDAW; article 5 of CRPD); and Rights of the child, including considering the best interests of the child (article 3 of CRC; article 7(2) of CRPD), and protection from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation (article 19 of CRC). While the UN is not a party to the above instruments, they provide relevant standards to guide its operations. Accordingly, the above rights should be taken into consideration when developing UN-supported DDR processes, when supporting host State DDR processes and when national authorities, for whatever purpose, wish to take into custody persons enrolled in DDR processes, in order to ensure that the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries are promoted and respected at all times. The application and interpretation of international human rights law must also be viewed in light of the voluntary nature of DDR processes. The participants and beneficiaries of DDR processes shall not be held against their will or subjected to other deprivations of their liberty and security of their persons. They shall be treated at all times in accordance with international human rights law norms and standards. Special protections may also apply with respect to members of particularly vulnerable groups, including women, children and persons with disabilities. Specifically, with regard to women participating in DDR processes, Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including the special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction (para. 8(a)), and encourages all those involved in the planning for DDR to consider the different needs of female and male ex-combatants and to take into account the needs of their dependents. In all, DDR processes should be gender-responsive, and there should be equal access for and participation of women at all stages (see IDDRS 5.10 on Women, Gender and DDR). Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of the international human rights instruments that guide the UN in supporting DDR processes. DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is being undertaken. DDR practitioners shall take the necessary precautions, special measures or actions to protect and ensure the human rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries. DDR practitioners shall report and seek legal advice in the event that they witness any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility. Red lines DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of human rights by national authorities within a UN-supported DDR facility.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "979ea40e-9d72-4907-ada9-386de33fc945", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.3 International refugee law and internally displaced persons i. International refugee law International refugee law serves as another part of the normative international legal framework that may be of relevance to UN-supported DDR processes. This area of law may be particularly relevant when DDR processes include a repatriation component or are open to foreign nationals (see IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (the \u20181951 Convention\u2019) establishes the rights and duties of refugees, and the obligations of States to such persons, including the prohibition of forced repatriation of asylum seekers and refugees (the principle of non-refoulement). While the UN is not a party to the 1951 Convention, it provides relevant standards to guide its operations (ST/SGB/1999/13). The Convention is both a status- and rights-based instrument and is founded upon a number of fundamental principles, most notably non-discrimination, non-penalization for illegal entry or presence, and non-refoulement. A refugee is a person who is outside his or her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of being persecuted because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution. However, articles 1C to 1F of the 1951 Convention provide for circumstances in which it shall not apply to a person who would otherwise fall within the general definition of a refugee. In the context of situations involving DDR processes, article 1F is of particular relevance, in that it stipulates that the provisions of the 1951 Convention shall not apply to any person with respect to whom there are serious reasons for considering that he or she has: committed a crime against peace, a war crime or a crime against humanity, as defined in relevant international instruments; committed a serious non-political crime outside the country of refuge prior to the person\u2019s admission to that country as a refugee; or been guilty of acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the UN. Asylum means the granting by a State of protection on its territory to individuals fleeing another country owing to persecution, armed conflict or violence. Military activity is incompatible with the concept of asylum. Persons who pursue military activities in a country of asylum cannot be asylum seekers or refugees. It is thus important to ensure that refugee camps/settlements are protected from militarization and the presence of fighters or combatants. During emergency situations, particularly when people are fleeing armed conflict, refugee flows may occur simultaneously or mixed with combatants or fighters. It is thus important that combatants or fighters are identified and separated. Once separated from the refugee population, combatants and fighters may enter into a DDR process, if available. Former combatants or fighters who have been verified to have genuinely and permanently renounced military activities may seek asylum. Participation in a DDR programme provides a verifiable process through which the former combatant or fighter genuinely and permanently renounces military activities. Other types of DDR processes may also provide this verification, as long as there is a formal process through which a combatant becomes an ex-combatant (see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). DDR practitioners should also take into consideration that civilian family members of participants in DDR processes may be refugees or asylum seekers, and efforts must be in place to consider family unity during, for example, repatriation. ii. The principle of non-refoulement The principle of non-refoulement (article 33 of the 1951 Convention) is so fundamental that no reservations or derogations may be made to it. The principle also has the status of international customary law, which means that it is binding on all States, including those that are not party to the 1951 Convention. It provides that no State shall expel or return (\u2018refouler\u2019) a refugee against his or her will, in any manner whatsoever, to a territory where he or she fears with good reason that his or her life or freedom would be threatened, or where he or she would be subject to persecution on account of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. The prohibition of refoulement under international refugee law is applicable to any form of forcible removal, including deportation, expulsion, extradition, informal transfer or \u2018renditions\u2019, and non-admission at the border, as per article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention, which refers to expulsion or return (refoulement) \u201cin any manner whatsoever\u201d. This has been interpreted to include not only a return to the country of origin or, in the case of a stateless person, the country of former habitual residence, but also to any other place where a person has reason to fear threats to his or her life or freedom related to one or more of the grounds set out in the 1951 Convention, or from where the person risks being sent to a territory where he or she faces such a risk. In the context of DDR, this means that a former fighter/combatant who has renounced military activity and been admitted to the asylum procedure is protected from refoulement by virtue of Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention and international customary law. This precludes the forced repatriation of this individual unless and until his or her asylum claim is finally rejected. Under Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention, an exception to the non-refoulement obligation in international refugee law exists where (1) there are reasonable grounds for regarding the refugee as a danger to the security of the country in which the refugee is located; or (2) the refugee, having been convicted of a particularly serious crime by final judgment, constitutes a danger to the community of the country where the refugee is located. While the principle of non-refoulement originates in international refugee law, it has also become an integral part of international human rights law. This principle is explicitly contained in Article 3 of the CAT, and has also been interpreted by the Human Rights Committee to be part of Articles 6 (right to life) and 7 (right to be free from torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment) of the ICCPR. In international human rights law, the principle applies without exception, and there is no provision similar to Article 33(2) of the 1951 Convention (see above). Accordingly, States are bound not to transfer any individual to another State, if this would expose him or her to a real risk of being subjected to arbitrary deprivation of life, or torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or enforced disappearance. As such, the principle of non-refoulement under international human rights law also applies to active fighters/combatants even though these individuals are not considered refugees. iii. Internally displaced persons Relatedly, a body of rules has also been developed with respect to internally displaced persons (IDPs). In addition to relevant human rights law principles, the \u201cGuiding Principles on Internal Displacement\u201d (E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2) provide a framework for the protection and assistance of IDPs. The Guiding Principles contain practical guidance to the UN in its protection of IDPs, as well as serve as an instrument for public policy education and awareness-raising. Substantively, the Guiding Principles address the specific needs of IDPs worldwide. They identify rights and guarantees relevant to the protection of persons from forced displacement and to their protection and assistance during displacement as well as during return or reintegration. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of international refugee law and how it relates to UN DDR processes. DDR practitioners should be aware of the principle of non-refoulement, which exists under both international human rights law and international refugee law, though with different conditions. DDR practitioners should be aware of the relevant domestic legislation that provides for the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State where the DDR process is carried out. Red lines DDR practitioners shall not facilitate any violations of international refugee law by national authorities. In particular, they shall not facilitate any violations of the principle of non-refoulement including for DDR participants and beneficiaries who may not qualify as refugees.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "27c34986-40db-4d3e-b4bb-2bb2499fdfdc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "4.2.4 Accountability mechanisms at the national and international levels In general, it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. DDR practitioners should be aware of local and international mechanisms for achieving justice and accountability for international crimes. These include any judicial or non-judicial mechanisms that may be established with respect to international crimes committed in the host State. These can take various forms, depending on the specificities of local context. National courts usually have jurisdiction over all crimes committed within the State\u2019s territory, even when there are international criminal accountability mechanisms with complementary or concurrent jurisdiction over the same crimes. In terms of international criminal law, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) establishes individual and command responsibility under international law for (1) genocide; (2) crimes against humanity, which include, inter alia, murder, enslavement, deportation or forcible transfer of population, imprisonment, torture, rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization or \u201cany other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity\u201d, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against the civilian population; (3) war crimes, which similarly include sexual violence; and (4) the crime of aggression. The law governing international crimes is also developed further by other sources of international law (e.g., treaties and customary international law). Separately, there have been a number of international criminal tribunals and \u2018hybrid\u2019 international tribunals addressing crimes committed in specific situations. These tribunals have contributed to the extensive development of substantive and procedural international criminal law. Recently, there have also been a number of initiatives to provide degrees of international support to domestic courts or tribunals that are established in States to try international law crimes. Various other transitional justice initiatives may also apply, depending on the context.\u00a0 The UN opposes the application of the death penalty, including with respect to persons convicted of international crimes. The UN also discourages the extradition or deportation of a person where there is genuine risk that the death penalty may be imposed unless credible and reliable assurances are obtained that the death penalty will not be sought or imposed and, if imposed, will not be carried out but commuted. The UN\u2019s own criminal tribunals, UN-assisted criminal tribunals and the ICC are not empowered to impose capital punishment on any convicted person, regardless of the seriousness of the crime(s) of which he or she has been convicted. UN investigative mechanisms mandated to share information with national courts and tribunals should only do so with jurisdictions that respect international human rights law and standards, including the right to a fair trial, and shall only do so for use in criminal proceedings in which capital punishment will not be sought, imposed or carried out. Accountability mechanisms, together with DDR processes, form part of the toolkit for advancing peace processes.\u00a0However, there is often tension, whether real or perceived, between peace, on the one hand, and justice and accountability, on the other. A prominent example is the issuance of amnesties or assurances of non-prosecution in exchange for participation in DDR processes, which could hinder the achievement of justice-related aims.\u00a0 It is a long-established policy that the UN will not endorse provisions in a transitional justice process that include amnesties for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and gross violations of human rights (see IDDRS 6.20 on DDR and Transitional Justice). With regard to the issue of terrorist offences, see section 4.2.6. The Security Council, in establishing a DDR mandate, may address the tension between transitional justice and DDR, by excluding combatants suspected of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or abuses of human rights from participation in DDR processes. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware that it is the primary duty of States to prosecute those responsible for international crimes. DDR practitioners should be aware of a parallel UN or national mandate, if any, for transitional justice in the State. DDR practitioners should be aware of ongoing international and/or national accountability and/or transitional justice mechanisms or processes. When planning for and conducting DDR processes, DDR practitioners should consult with UN human rights, accountability and/or transitional justice advisers to ensure coordination, where such mechanisms or processes exist. DDR practitioners should incorporate screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes for adults to identify suspected perpetrators of international crimes and exclude them from DDR processes. Suspected perpetrators should be reported to the competent national authorities. Legal advice should be sought, if possible, beforehand. If the potential DDR participant is under 18 years old, DDR practitioners should refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR for additional guidance.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "3c7a9963-a1b4-4899-ac7a-b34437d42891", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.5 UN Security Council sanctions regimes DDR processes may be impacted by Security Council sanctions regimes. In particular, the fact that an individual or a group has been designated by a Security Council Sanctions Committee may have implications for their eligibility to participate in DDR processes, or their potential integration into the national security sector (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform). Sanctions pertaining to the counter-terrorism framework are discussed further in section 4.2.6(iii). For additional information on the Security Council sanction regimes, please refer to: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/information. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of any relevant sanctions regime, if any, targeting individuals, groups and entities in the State in which they are operating. DDR practitioners shall take particular note of arms embargo measures, which may restrict the options available for the disposal of arms, ammunition and related material collected during the implementation of disarmament or transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). DDR practitioners should be aware of individuals, groups and entities listed by the Security Council under its sanctions regimes, in particular when conducting screening for eligibility for participation in DDR processes, or when providing any financial support to DDR participants. Legal advice should be sought if in doubt. 4.2.6 International counter-terrorism framework i. The requirement \u2018to bring terrorists to justice\u2019 The international counter-terrorism framework is comprised of relevant Security Council resolutions, as well as 19 international counter-terrorism instruments, which have been widely ratified by UN Member States. That framework must be implemented in compliance with other relevant international standards, particularly international humanitarian law, international refugee law and international human rights law. Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are required, among other things, to: Ensure that any person who participates in the preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or in supporting terrorist acts is brought to justice; Ensure that such terrorist acts are established as serious criminal offences in domestic laws and regulations and that the punishment duly reflects the seriousness of such terrorist acts, including with respect to: Financing, planning, preparation or perpetration of terrorist acts or support of these acts and Offences related to the travel of foreign terrorist fighters. Under the Security Council resolutions, Member States are also exhorted to establish criminal responsibility for: Terrorist acts intended to destroy critical infrastructure and Trafficking in persons by terrorist organizations and individuals. While there is no universally agreed definition of terrorism, several of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments define certain terrorist acts and/or offences with clarity and precision, including offences related to the financing of terrorism, the taking of hostages and terrorist bombing. The Member State\u2019s obligation to \u2018bring terrorists to justice\u2019 is triggered and it shall consider whether a prosecution is warranted when there are reasonable grounds to believe that a group or individual has committed a terrorist offence set out in: A Security Council resolution or One of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments to which a Member State is a party. DDR practitioners should be aware of the fact that their host State has an international legal obligation to comply with relevant Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism (that is, those that the Security Council has adopted in binding terms) and the international counter-terrorism instruments to which it is a party. Of particular relevance to the DDR practitioner is the fact that under Security Council resolutions, with respect to suspected terrorists (as defined above), Member States are further called upon to: Develop and implement comprehensive and tailored prosecution, rehabilitation, and reintegration strategies and protocols, in line with their obligations under international law, including with respect to returning and relocating foreign terrorist fighters and their spouses and children who accompany them, and to address their suitability for rehabilitation. There are two main scenarios where DDR processes and the international counter-terrorism legal framework may intersect: In addition to the traditional concerns with regard to screening out for prosecution persons suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity or genocide, the DDR practitioner, in advising and assisting a Member State, should also be aware of the Member State\u2019s obligations under the international counter-terrorism legal framework, and remind them of those obligations, if need be. Specific criteria, as appropriate and applicable to the context and Member States, should be incorporated into screening for DDR processes to identify and disqualify persons who have committed or are reasonably believed to have committed a terrorist act, or who are identified as clearly associated with a Security Council-designated terrorist organization. Although DDR programmes are not appropriate for persons associated with such organizations (see section below), lessons learned and programming experience from DDR programmes may be very relevant to the design, implementation and support to programmes to prosecute, rehabilitate and reintegrate these persons. As general guidance, for terrorist groups designated by the Security Council, Member States are required to develop prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration strategies. Terrorist suspects, including foreign terrorist fighters and their family members, and victims should be the subject of such strategies, which should be both tailored to specific categories and comprehensive. The initial step is to establish a clear and coherent screening process to determine the main profile of a person who is in the custody of authorities or under the responsibility of authorities, in order to recommend particular treatment, including further investigation or prosecution, or immediate entry into and participation in a rehabilitation and/or reintegration programme. The criteria to be applied during the screening process shall comply with international human rights norms and standards and conform to other applicable regimes, such as international humanitarian law and the international counter-terrorism framework. Not all persons will be prosecuted as a result of this screening, but the screening process shall address the question of whether or not a person should be prosecuted. In this respect, the term \u2018screening\u2019 should be distinguished from usage in the context of a DDR programme, where screening refers to the process of ensuring that a person who met previously agreed eligibility criteria will be registered in the programme. Additional UN guidance with regard to the prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of foreign terrorist fighters can be found, inter alia, in the Madrid Guiding Principles and their December 2018 Addendum (S/2018/1177). The Madrid Guiding Principles were adopted by the Security Council (S/2015/939) in December 2015 with the aim of becoming a practical tool for use by Member States in their efforts to combat terrorism and to stem the flow of foreign terrorist fighters in accordance with resolution 2178 (2014). Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware that the host State has legal obligations under Security Council resolutions and/or international counter-terrorism instruments to ensure that terrorists are brought to justice. DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria into DDR processes to identify suspected terrorists. Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in DDR processes. Children associated with such groups should be treated in accordance with the standards set out in IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR. ii. Sanctions relating to terrorism, including from Security Council committees The Security Council Committee concerning ISIL (Da\u2019esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities was established pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015). It is the only sanctions committee of the Security Council that lists individuals and groups for their association with terrorism. In addition, the Security Council may list individuals or groups for other reasons and impose sanctions on them. These individuals or groups may also be described as \u2018terrorist groups\u2019 in separate Council resolutions.\u00a0 In this regard, a specific set of issues arises vis-\u00e0-vis engaging groups or individuals in a DDR process when the group(s) or individual(s) are (a) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by the Security Council (either via the Da\u2019esh-Al Qaida Committee or another relevant Committee); and/or (b) listed as a terrorist group, individual or organization by a Member State for that Member State, by way of domestic legislation. Member States\u2019 listings may be premised upon an expansive definition of terrorism that may go beyond the terrorist acts described in either Security Council resolutions 1373 (2001) or 2178 (2014) or in any of the 19 international counter-terrorism instruments. DDR practitioners should be aware that donor states may also designate groups as terrorists through such \u2018national listings\u2019. Moreover, as a consequence of Security Council, regional or national listings, donor states in particular may have constraints placed upon them as a result of their national legislation that could impact what support (financial or otherwise) they can provide. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been listed by the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have for planning or implementation of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should be aware of whether or not a group, entity or individual has been designated a terrorist organization or individual by a regional organization or Member State (including the host State or donor country) and should consult their legal adviser on the implications this may have on the planning and implementation of DDR processes. DDR practitioners should consult with their legal adviser upon applicable host State national legislation targeting the provision of support to listed terrorist groups, including its possible criminalization. Red line Groups or individuals listed by the Security Council, as well as perpetrators or suspected perpetrators of terrorist acts cannot be participants in DDR programmes. However, in compliance with relevant international standards and within the proper framework, support may be provided by DDR practitioners, using DDR-related tools, to persons associated to Security Council\u2013designated terrorist organizations.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "a24f487b-abed-4e70-87da-55745aac04c1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.2.7 International arms control framework The international arms control framework is made up of a number of international legal instruments that set out obligations for Member States with regard to a range of arms control issues relevant to DDR activities, including the management, storage, security, transfer and disposal of arms, ammunition and related material. These instruments include: The Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is the only legally binding instrument at the global level to counter the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking in firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. It provides a framework for States to\u00a0control and regulate licit arms and arms flows, prevent their diversion into illegal circulation, and facilitate the investigation and prosecution of related offences without hampering legitimate transfers. The Arms Trade Treaty regulates the international trade in conventional arms, ranging from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects as amended on 21 December 2001 bans or restricts the use of specific types of weapons that are considered to cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to combatants or to affect civilians indiscriminately. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction prohibits the development, production, stockpiling, transfer and use of anti-personnel mines. The Convention on Cluster Munitions prohibits all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. It also establishes a framework for cooperation and assistance to ensure adequate support to survivors and their communities, clearance of contaminated areas, risk reduction education and destruction of stockpiles. Specific guiding principles In addition to relevant national legislation, DDR practitioners should be aware of the international and regional legal instruments that the State in which the DDR practitioner is operating has ratified, and how these may impact the design of disarmament and transitional weapons and ammunition management activities (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9d975e8b-975a-4483-a278-8655d0736549", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "4.3 Member States\u2019 international obligations and domestic legal framework A Member State\u2019s international obligations are usually translated into domestic legislation. A Member State\u2019s domestic legislation has effect within the territory of that Member State. In order to determine a DDR participant\u2019s immediate rights and freedoms in the Member State, and/or to find the domestic basis, within the State, to ensure the protection of the rights of DDR participants and beneficiaries, the DDR practitioner will have to look towards the specific context of the Member State, i.e., the Member State\u2019s international obligations and its domestic legislation. This is despite the fact that the UN DDR practitioner is guided by the international law principles set out above in the conduct of the Organization\u2019s activities, or that the DDR practitioner may wish to engage with Member States to ensure that their treatment of DDR participants and beneficiaries is in line with their international obligations. For example, the following issues would usually be addressed in a Member State\u2019s domestic legislation, in particular its constitution and criminal procedure code: Length of pre-trial detention; Due process rights; Protections and procedure with regard to investigations and prosecutions of alleged crimes, and Criminal penalties. Similarly, in order to understand how the Member State has decided to implement the above Security Council resolutions on counter-terrorism, as well as relevant resolutions on organized crimes, DDR practitioners will have to look towards domestic legislation, in particular, to understand the acts that would constitute crimes in the Member State in which they work. For the purposes of DDR, it is thus important to have an understanding of the Member State that the UN DDR practitioner is operating in, in particular, 1) the Member State\u2019s international obligations, including the international conventions that the Member State has signed and ratified; and 2) the relevant protections provided for under the Member State\u2019s domestic legislation that the UN DDR practitioner can rely upon to help ensure the protection of DDR participants\u2019 rights and freedoms. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of the international conventions that the Member State, in which they operate, has signed and ratified. DDR practitioners should be aware of domestic legislation that may address the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries, as well as limit their participation in DDR processes, in particular the penal code, criminal procedure code and counter-terrorism legislation. DDR practitioners may wish to rely on domestic legislation to secure the rights and freedoms of DDR participants and beneficiaries within the Member State, as appropriate and necessary. Red line DDR practitioners shall respect the national laws of the host State. If there is a concern regarding the obligation to respect a host State\u2019s law and the activities of the DDR practitioner, the DDR practitioner should seek legal advice.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "69458973-fba1-4e57-97d8-4a637c4da62b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "4.4 Internal rules, policies and procedures The UN has adopted a number of internal rules, policies and procedures. Other actors in the broader UN system also have similar rules, policies and procedures. Such rules, policies and procedures are binding internally. They typically also serve to signal to external parties the UN system\u2019s expectations regarding the behaviour of those to whom it provides assistance. The general guide for UN-supported DDR processes is the UN IDDRS. Other internal documents that may be relevant to DDR processes include the following: The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy (HRDDP) (A/67/775-S/2013/110) governs the UN\u2019s provision of support to non-UN security forces, which could include the provision of support to national DDR processes if such processes or their programmes are being implemented by security forces, or if there is any repatriation of DDR participants and beneficiaries by security forces. The HRDDP requires UN entities that are contemplating providing support to non-UN security forces to take certain due diligence, compliance and monitoring measures with the aim of ensuring that receiving entities do not commit grave violations of international humanitarian law, international human rights law or refugee law. Where there are substantial grounds for believing that grave violations are occurring or have occurred, involving security forces to which support is being provided by the UN, the UN shall intercede with the competent authorities to bring such violations to an end and/or seek accountability in respect of them. For further information, please refer to the Guidance Note for the implementation of the HRDDP. The Secretary-General issued a bulletin on special measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (ST/SGB/2003/13), which applies to the staff of all UN departments, programmes, funds and agencies, prohibiting them from committing acts of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. In line with the UN Staff Regulations and Rules, sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts of serious misconduct and are therefore grounds for disciplinary measures, including dismissal. Further, UN staff are obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility to support and develop systems that maintain this environment. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should be aware of and follow relevant internal rules, policies and procedures at all stages of the DDR process. DDR practitioners in management positions shall ensure that team members are kept up to date on the most recent developments in the internal rules, policies and procedures, and that managers and team members complete all necessary training and courses. Red line Violation of the UN internal rules, policies and procedures could lead to harm to the UN, and may lead to disciplinary measures for DDR practitioners.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "da896f19-231d-4b3d-bac8-f248328af9d8", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "4.5 Status, privileges and immunities Under the Charter, the Organization enjoys \u201cin the territory of each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the fulfilment of its purposes\u201d. Similarly, UN officials \u201cenjoy such privileges as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connexion with the Organization\u201d. These Charter provisions have been implemented in a detailed manner by the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (the \u2018General Convention\u2019). The privileges and immunities of the specialized agencies are separately set out in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies (\u2018Specialized Agencies Convention\u2019). Furthermore, privileges and immunities of the UN and its personnel may be incorporated in mission-specific Status-of-Forces Agreements (SOFAs) and Status-of-Mission Agreements (SOMAs), Standard Basic Assistance Agreements (SBAAs), host country agreements and other similar agreements concluded between the Organization and host States to allow for the secure and effective implementation of mandated activities. It is thus essential for each DDR practitioner to refer to the relevant agreement to determine the privileges and immunities of any relevant UN system actor, as well as its personnel. As regards military personnel of national contingents assigned to a UN peacekeeping operation\u2019s military component, the SOFA addresses the legal status and obligations of the military component in the host country, including with respect to privileges and immunities and criminal jurisdiction. Unlike other categories of UN personnel, military members of military contingents are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of their sending States in respect of any criminal offences they may commit in the host country. Under the SOFA or SOMA, the UN peacekeeping operation or mission, as well as its members, shall respect all local laws and regulations. Similarly, under the model host country agreement for the establishment of an office, it is the duty of all persons enjoying the privileges and immunities accorded by the agreement to respect the laws and regulations of the host country. Specifically, the General Convention provides certain privileges and immunities to the UN, as well as its officials, for the fulfilment of the Organization\u2019s purposes and to allow its personnel to conduct their official duties without interference. The Specialized Agencies Convention similarly provides for specialized agencies and their personnel. With the exception of certain high-ranking officials, who enjoy privileges and immunities similar to those accorded to diplomatic envoys by international law, UN officials and experts on mission, as well as officials of specialized agencies, enjoy immunity from legal process in the host State only in respect of official functions (\u2018functional immunity\u2019). This means that they are immune from legal proceedings only with respect to acts done in their official capacity. They do not enjoy immunity in respect of private acts. Immunity is granted to UN and specialized agencies personnel in the interests of their organization and not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned. The Secretary-General has the right and the duty to waive the immunity of any UN personnel where, in the opinion of the Secretary-General, the immunity would impede the course of justice and can be waived without prejudice to the interests of the UN. Each specialized agency shall have the right and the duty to waive the immunity of their officials on the same grounds. The General Convention and the Specialized Agencies Convention also provide that the premises of the UN and the specialized agencies are inviolable, and that the property, assets and archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall be immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation and any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. The archives of the UN and the specialized agencies, and in general all documents belonging to it or held by it, shall be inviolable wherever located. Any request for the production or disclosure of UN documents that are not in the public domain should be by way of an official request from the Member State Government to the UN. The sharing of information is regulated by the Secretary-General\u2019s bulletin on information sensitivity, classification, and handling (ST/SGB/2007/6). Pursuant to this bulletin, documents that are responsive to a request shall be reviewed to verify that they do not contain any sensitive information. \u2018Sensitive\u2019 information means: Information received from third parties under an expectation of confidentiality; Information whose disclosure would endanger the safety or security of any individual; Information whose disclosure would violate any individual\u2019s rights or invade his or her privacy; Information whose disclosure is likely to endanger the security of a Member State; Information whose disclosure would prejudice the security or proper conduct of any operation or activity of the UN; Information covered by legal privilege or relating to internal investigations; Information whose disclosure would undermine the Organization\u2019s free and independent decision-making process; Commercial information whose disclosure would harm either the financial interests of the UN or those of other parties involved; or Other kinds of information, which because of their content or the circumstances of their creation or communication shall be deemed confidential. Documents that contain sensitive information should be redacted to prevent the disclosure of their information or, when this is not practically possible, not disclosed. In accordance with the applicable legal framework, the UN is required to cooperate, at all times, with the appropriate authorities of host States to facilitate the proper administration of justice, secure the observance of police regulations and prevent the occurrence of any abuse in connection with the privileges, immunities and facilities. In the event of uncertainty with respect to privileges and immunities or individuals, all queries should be directed to the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence, who may then refer the matter to the Legal Counsel. For specialized agencies, all queries should be directed to the legal adviser of the specialized agency. Specific guiding principles DDR practitioners should seek legal advice from the relevant legal adviser of the mission or field presence if there are requests for the production or disclosure of documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN. DDR practitioners should seek legal advice if asked to provide testimony or participate in an interview or interrogation by national authorities. Red lines DDR practitioners shall not produce or disclose any documents or information produced by or in the possession of the UN that are not in the public domain without first seeking legal advice. DDR practitioners shall not provide testimony to or participate in any interview or interrogation by the State authorities without first seeking legal advice and receiving authorization to do so (which may require a waiver of immunity).", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "86733877-5431-4a5a-8586-9a4891ae682a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.11 The Legal Framework for UN DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "CAT\tConvention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment CEDAW\tConvention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CONOPS\tconcept of operations CPRD\tConvention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities CRC\tConvention on the Rights of the Child HRDDP\tHuman Rights Due Diligence Policy ICC\tInternational Criminal Court ICCPR\tInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICESCR\tInternational Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICPPED\tInternational Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance IDPs\tinternally displaced persons IHL\tinternational humanitarian law SBAA\tStandard Basic Assistance Agreement SOFA\tStatus-of-Forces Agreement SOMA\tStatus-of-Mission Agreement SOPS\tstandard operating procedures TJ\ttransitional justice UDHR\tUniversal Declaration of Human Rights", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json deleted file mode 100644 index 3668dbf..0000000 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,762 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "ID": "d3f824cf-615a-4db3-aa48-e455bdcd4e02", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is not only a technical undertaking. Many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowledge of the historical and political context, the actors and stakeholders (armed and unarmed), and the conflict drivers, including local, national and regional aspects that may interact and feed into an armed conflict. Armed groups often mobilize for political reasons and/or in response to a range of security, socioeconomic or other grievances. Peace negotiations and processes provide warring parties with a way to end violence and address their grievances through peaceful means. Armed forces may also need to be factored into peace agreements and proportionality between armed forces and groups \u2013 in terms of DDR support \u2013 taken into account. DDR practitioners may provide support to the mediation of peace agreements and to the subsequent oversight and implementation of the relevant parts of these agreements. DDR practitioners can also advise mediators and facilitators so as to ensure that peace agreements incorporate realistic DDR-related clauses, that the parties have a common understanding of the outcome of the DDR process and how this will be implemented, and that DDR processes are not undertaken in isolation but are integrated with other aspects of a peace process, since the success of each is mutually reinforcing. All peace agreements contain security provisions to address the control and management of violence in various forms including right-sizing, DDR, and/or other forms of security coordination and control. When and if a given peace agreement demands a DDR process, the national political framework for that particular DDR process is often provided by a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. In a CPA, it is very common for DDR programmes to be tied to ceasefire provisions and \u2018final security arrangements\u2019. If armed groups have political aspirations, the chances of the successful implementation of a CPA can be improved if DDR processes are sensitively designed to support the transformation of these groups into political entities. DDR processes may also follow local-level agreements. Local politics can be as important in driving armed conflict as grievances against the State. By focusing on the latter, national-level peace agreements may not address or resolve local conflicts. Therefore, these conflicts may continue even when national-level peace agreements have been signed and implemented. Local-level peace agreements may take a number of different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and community violence reduction (CVR) agreements. DDR practitioners should assess whether local DDR processes remain at the local level, or whether local- and national-level dynamics should be linked in a common multilevel approach. Finally, DDR processes can also be undertaken in the absence of peace agreements. In these instances, DDR interventions may be designed to contribute to stabilization, to make the returns of stability more tangible or to create more conducive environments for peace agreements (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). These interventions should not be reactive and ad hoc, but should be carefully planned in advance in accordance with a predefined strategy.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "864a0fd3-8bf7-43a7-97fb-b93f26ae97c6", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives This module introduces the political dynamics of DDR and provides an overview of how to analyse and better understand them so as to develop politically sensitive DDR processes. It discusses the role of DDR practitioners in the negotiation of local and national peace agreements, the role of transitional and final security arrangements, and how practitioners may work to generate political will for DDR among warring parties. Finally, this chapter discusses the transformation of armed groups into political parties and the political dynamics of DDR in active conflict settings.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9a62f04a-71ac-4ad4-8d70-21b0d49c894b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 3, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "a672a29c-3bb0-4289-8b86-79e5c98045b6", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction The impact of DDR on the political landscape is influenced by the context, the history of the conflict, and the structures and motivations of the warring parties. Some armed groups may have few political motivations or demands. Others, however, may fight against the State, seeking political power. Armed conflict may also be more localized, linked to local politics and issues such as access to land. There may also be complex interactions between political dynamics and conflict drivers at the local, national and regional levels. In order to support a peaceful resolution to armed conflict, DDR practitioners can support the mediation, oversight and implementation of peace agreements. Local-level peace agreements may take many forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements. National-level peace agreements may also vary, ranging from ceasefire agreements to Comprehensive Peace Agreements (CPAs) with provisions for the establishment of a political power-sharing system. In this context, the role of former warring parties in interim political institutions may include participation in the interim administration as well as in other political bodies or movements, such as being represented in national dialogues. DDR can support this process, including by helping to demilitarize politics and supporting the transformation of armed groups into political parties. DDR is not only a technical endeavour \u2013 many aspects of the DDR process will influence, and be influenced by, political dynamics. For example, armed groups may refuse to disarm and demobilize until they are sure that their political demands will be met. Having control over DDR processes can constitute a powerful political position, and, as a result, groups or individuals may attempt to manipulate these processes for political gain. Furthermore, during a conflict armed groups may become politically empowered and can challenge established political systems and structures, create alternative political arrangements or take over functions usually reserved for the State, including as security providers. Measures to disband armed groups can provide space for the restoration of the State in places where it was previously absent, and therefore can have a strong impact upon the security and political environment. The political limitations of DDR should also be considered. Integrated DDR processes can facilitate engagement with armed groups but will have limited impact unless parallel efforts are undertaken to address the reasons why these groups felt it necessary to mobilize in the first place, their current and prospective security concerns, and their expectations for the future. Overcoming these political limitations requires recognition of the strong linkages between DDR and other aspects of a peace process, including broader political arrangements, transitional justice and reconciliation, and peacebuilding activities, without which there will be no sustainable peace. Importantly, national-level peace agreements may not be appropriate to resolve ongoing local-level conflicts or regional conflicts, and it will be necessary for DDR practitioners to develop strategies and select DDR-related tools that are appropriate to each level.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "8634bbe7-da9a-4768-8289-bd3fb2886b26", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4. Guiding principles IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to the political dynamics of DDR:", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "07ed39e2-1411-490e-ab0e-18d2f8981d16", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.1 People-centred A people-centred approach shall be followed. This approach must take into account the needs and positions of all stakeholders (Government, armed and unarmed opposition, the population and the international community) in a sensitive manner and seek to understand and accommodate them.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "f6bbc2cc-7d6f-4351-aa34-ece904b147b3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.2 Gender-responsive and inclusive DDR processes shall be gender-responsive and -inclusive, and at all stages take into account the gender dimensions of peace processes and conflict resolution. DDR practitioners shall advance substantive gender equality before, during and after conflict and ensure that women\u2019s diverse experiences are fully integrated into all peacebuilding, peacemaking and reconstruction processes.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "4a9ba503-895e-4c7e-b7bd-6f23cb834ea2", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 4, - "Paragraph": "4.3 Flexible, accountable and transparent Accountability, transparency and flexibility shall be maintained not only when holding stakeholders to their commitments, but also when ensuring that the process designed is appropriate for the context in which it is to be implemented.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "552ad34f-2114-41c6-ae38-e358a3f49940", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "4.4 Integrated It is essential to encourage unity of effort in the analysis, design and implementation of politically sensitive DDR processes. This emphasis must start with ensuring that those negotiating a peace agreement are properly advised so as to reach technically sound agreements and to integrate DDR processes with other relevant parts of the peace process.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "910888d4-8809-4fc7-bd67-3e9fe9d4218c", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.1 Contextual considerations To understand the political dynamics of DDR processes, a thorough contextual analysis is required. In mission settings, such analyses are undertaken by UN peace operations, special political missions or offices. In non-mission settings, contextual analysis forms an integral part of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) process. In both mission and non-mission settings, the analysis of the political dynamics of a DDR process forms just one part of a broader situational analysis. It may therefore be linked to conflict and development analysis (CDA) or other analysis that is requested/mandatory in the UN system. The sections immediately below focus only on the contextual analysis of the political dynamics of DDR processes. This type of analysis should examine the following factors:", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "0593c1b2-f020-40f2-831e-a013034ddee3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "5.1.1 The political and historical context Understanding the political dynamics that influence DDR processes requires knowledge of the historical and political context. A summary of relevant factors to consider can be found in Table 1 below. Table 1: Factors That Influence DDR Processes", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "556c3d94-2272-4b7b-80ca-1b94e9fec206", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "5.1.2 The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups The structures and motivations of armed forces and groups should be assessed. It should be kept in mind, however, that these structures and motivations may vary over time and at the individual and collective levels. For example, certain individuals may have been motivated to join armed groups for reasons of opportunism rather than political goals. Some opportunist individuals may become progressively politicized or, alternatively, those with political motives may become more opportunist. Crafting an effective DDR process requires an understanding of these different and changing motivations. Furthermore, the stated motives of warring parties and their members may differ significantly from their actual motives or be against international law and principles. As explained in more detail in Annex B, potential motives may include one or several of the following: Political \u2013 seeking to impose or protect a political system, ideology or party. Social \u2013 seeking to bring about changes in social status, roles or balances of power, discrimination and marginalization. Economic \u2013 seeking a redistribution or accumulation of wealth, often coupled with joining to escape poverty and to provide for the family. Security driven \u2013 seeking to protect a community or group from a real or perceived threat. Cultural/spiritual \u2013 seeking to protect or impose values, ideas or principles. Religious \u2013 seeking to advance religious values, customs and ideas. Material \u2013 seeking to protect material resources. Opportunistic \u2013 seeking to leverage a situation to achieve any of the above. It is important to undertake a thorough analysis of armed forces and groups so as to better understand the DDR target groups and to design DDR processes that maximize political buy-in. Analysis of armed forces and groups should include the following: Leadership: Including associated political leaders or structures (see below) and other persons who may have influence over the warring parties. The analysis should take into account external actors, including possible foreign supporters but also exiled leaders or others who may have some control over armed groups. It should also consider how much control the leadership has over the combatants and to what extent the leadership is representative of its members. Both control and representativeness can change over time. Internal group dynamics: Including the balance between an organization\u2019s political and military wings, interactions between prominent members or factions within an armed force or group and how they influence the behaviour of the organization, internal conflict patterns and potential fragmentation, the presence of female fighters or women associated with armed forces and groups (WAAFG), gender norms in the group, and the existence and pervasiveness of sexual violence. Associated political leaders and structures: Including whether warring parties have a separate political branch or are integrated politico-military movements and how this shapes their agenda. Are women involved in political structures, and if so to what extent? Armed groups with separate political structures or a history of political engagement prior to the conflict have sometimes been more successful at transforming themselves into political parties, although this potential may erode during a prolonged conflict. Associated religious leaders: Are religious leaders or personalities associated with the armed groups? What role could they play in peace negotiations? Do they have influence on the warring parties, and how can they help to shape the outcome of peace efforts? Linkages with their base: Is a given armed group close to a political base or a population, and how do these linkages influence the group? Has this support been weakened by the use of certain tactics or actions (e.g., mass atrocities), or will repression of its base influence the armed group? Will efforts to demobilize combatants affect the armed group\u2019s relations with its base or otherwise push it to change tactics \u2013 for instance eschewing violence so as to mobilize a political base that would otherwise reject violence. Linkages with local, national and regional elites: Including influential individuals or groups who hold sway over the armed forces and groups. These could include business people or communities, religious or traditional leaders or institutions such as trade unions or cultural groupings. The diaspora may also be an important actor, providing political and economic support to communities and/or armed groups. External support: Are there regional and/or broader international actors or networks that provide political and financial support to armed groups, including on the basis of geopolitical interests? This might include State sponsors, diaspora or political exiles, transnational criminal networks or ideological affiliation and \u2018franchising\u2019 with foreign, often extremist, armed groups.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9b536f6e-0c84-4da8-9b43-4eab1ab0711f", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 8, - "Paragraph": "5.1.3 Conflict outcomes The way a conflict ends can influence the political dynamics of DDR. The following scenarios should be considered: A clear victor: This usually results in a \u2018victor\u2019s peace\u2019, where the winner can \u2018impose\u2019 demands on the party that lost the conflict. This may mean that the armed structures of the victor are preserved, while the losing party will be the one targeted for DDR. Less emphasis may be placed on the reintegration of the defeated combatants, and the stigma of being an ex-combatant or person formerly associated with an armed force or group (including children associated with armed forces and groups [CAAFG] and WAAFG) is compounded by that of having been a part of a defeated group, resulting in increased marginalization, exclusion and discrimination. The victorious group may seek to dominate the new security structures. A negotiated process: At the national level, this is the most common form of conflict resolution and often results in a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) that addresses the political aspects of a conflict and might include provisions for DDR (this is considered a prerequisite for a DDR programme). Negotiated processes can also lead to local-level peace agreements, which can be followed by DDR-related tools such as CVR and transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) or reintegration support. DDR processes that are the outcome of negotiations (whether local or national) are more likely to be acceptable to warring parties. However, unless expert advice is provided, the DDR-related clauses in such agreements can be unrealistic. Partial peace: In some conflicts the multiplicity of armed groups may result in peace processes that are not fully inclusive, since some of the armed groups are excluded from or refuse to sign the agreement. This can be a disincentive for signatory armed groups to disarm and demobilize due to fear for their security and that of the population they represent, concerns over loss of territory to a non-signatory armed group or uncertainty about how their political position might be affected should other armed groups eventually join the peace process.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "ec6bdcee-9933-44ff-967f-2d4f78ba8909", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.1.4 Local, national, regional and international dynamics National-level peace agreements will not always put an end to local-level conflicts. Local agendas \u2013 at the level of the individual, family, clan, municipality, community, district or ethnic group \u2013 can at least partly drive the continuation of violence. Some incidents of localized violence, such as clashes between rivals over positions of traditional authority between two clans, will require primarily local solutions. However, other types of localized armed conflict may be intrinsically linked to the national level, and more amenable to top-down intervention. An example would be competition over political roles at the subfederal or district level. Experience shows that international interventions often neglect local mediation and conflict resolution, focusing instead on national-level cleavages. However, in many instances a combination of local and national conflict or dispute resolution mechanisms, including traditional ones, may be required. For these reasons, local political dynamics should be assessed. In addition to these local- and national-level dynamics, DDR practitioners should also understand and address cross-border/transnational conflict causes and dynamics, including their gender dimensions, as well as the interdependencies of armed groups with regional actors. In some cases, foreign armed groups may receive support from a third country, have bases across a border, or draw recruits and support from communities that straddle a border. These contexts often require approaches to repatriate foreign combatants and persons associated with foreign armed groups. Such programmes should be accompanied by reintegration support in the former combatant\u2019s country of origin (see also IDDRS 5.40 on Cross-Border Population Movements). Regional dimensions may also involve the presence of regional or international forces operating in the country. Their impact on DDR should be assessed, and the confluence of DDR efforts and ongoing military operations against non-signatory movements may need to be managed. DDR processes are voluntary and shall not be conflated with counter-insurgency operations or used to achieve counter-insurgency objectives. The conflict may also have international links beyond the immediate region. These may include proxy wars, economic interests, and political support to one or several groups, as well as links to organized crime networks. Those involved may have specific interests to protect in the conflict and might favour one side over the other, or a specific outcome. DDR processes will not usually address these factors directly, but their success may be influenced by the need to engage politically or otherwise with these external actors.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "1ab91177-b34e-4ee7-9bd0-598e90e5ab7c", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "5.1.5 DDR in conflict contexts or in contexts with multiple armed groups As outlined in IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR, integrated DDR processes may be pursued even when conflict is ongoing. In these contexts, DDR practitioners will need to assess how their interventions may affect local, national, regional and international political dynamics. For example, will the implementation of CVR projects contribute to the restoration and reinvigoration of (dormant) local government (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction)? Will local-level interventions impact political dynamics only at the local level, or will they also have an impact on national-level dynamics? In conflict settings, DDR practitioners should also assess the political dynamics created by the presence of multiple armed groups. Complex contexts involving multiple armed groups can increase the pressure for a peace agreement to succeed (including through successful DDR and the transformation of armed groups into political parties) if this provides an example and an incentive for other armed groups to enter into a negotiated solution.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "00f90ddf-fcbc-4efc-8245-ce75909c95fc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 10, - "Paragraph": "6. Fostering political support for DDR Governments and armed groups are key stakeholders in peace processes. Despite this, the commitment of these parties cannot be taken for granted and steps should be taken to build their support for the DDR process. It will be important to consider various options and approaches at each stage of the DDR process so as to ensure that next steps are politically acceptable and therefore more likely to be attractive to the parties. If there is insufficient political support for DDR, its efficacy may be undermined. In order to foster political will for DDR, the following factors should be taken into account:", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "f405ac3f-8fcf-41af-b2de-6ca7bd7a8ecc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 10, - "Paragraph": "6.1 The political aspirations of armed groups Participation in peacetime politics may be a key demand of groups, and the opportunity to do so may be used as an incentive for them to enter into a peace agreement. If armed groups, armed forces or wartime Governments are to become part of the political process, they should transform themselves into entities able to operate in a transitional political administration or an electoral system. Leaders may be reluctant to give up their command and therefore lose their political base before they are able to make the shift to a political party that can re-absorb this constituency. At the same time, they may be unwilling to give up their wartime structures until they are sure that the political provisions of an agreement will be implemented. DDR processes should consider the parties\u2019 political motivations. Doing so can reassure armed groups that they can retain the ability to pursue their political agendas through peaceful means and that they can therefore safely disband their military structures. The post-conflict demilitarization of politics and institutions goes beyond DDR practitioners\u2019 mandates, yet DDR processes should not ignore the political aspirations of armed groups and their members. Such aspirations may include participating in political life by being able to vote, being a member of a political party that represents their ideas and aims, or running for office. For some armed groups, participation in politics may involve transformation into a political party, a merger or alignment with an existing party, or the candidacy of former members in elections. The transformation of an armed group into a political party may appear to be incompatible with the aim of disbanding military structures and breaking their chains of command and control because a political party may seek to build upon wartime command structures. Practitioners and political leaders need to consider the effects of a DDR process that seeks to disband and break the structures of an armed group that aims to become a political party. Attention should be paid as to whether the planned DDR process could help or hinder this transformation and whether this could support or undermine the wider peace process. DDR processes may need to be adapted accordingly.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "4ac4ed2c-d10e-472a-9ef6-d3df97ba01c0", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 11, - "Paragraph": "6.2 Ensuring adequate provisions for DDR in peace agreements The DDR-related clauses included within peace agreements should be realistic and appropriate for the setting. In CPAs, the norm is to include a commitment to undertake a DDR programme. The details, including provisions regarding female combatants, WAAFG and CAAFG, are usually developed later in a national DDR programme document. Local-level peace agreements will not necessarily include a DDR programme, but may include a range of DDR-related tools such as CVR and transitional WAM (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Provisions that legitimize entitlements for those who have been members of armed forces and groups should be avoided (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). Regardless of the type of peace agreement, mediators and signatories should have a minimum understanding of DDR, including the preconditions and principles of gender-responsive and child-friendly DDR (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Where necessary they should call upon DDR experts to build capacity and knowledge among all of the actors involved and to advise them on the negotiation of relevant and realistic DDR provisions.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "139eaf22-c1bf-439d-8526-8383b7e34bc1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 11, - "Paragraph": "6.3 Building and ensuring integrated DDR processes In some instances, integrated DDR processes should be closely linked to other parts of a peace process. For example, DDR programmes may be connected to security sector reform and transitional justice (see IDDRS 6.10 on DDR and Security Sector Reform and IDDRS 6.20 on Transitional Justice and DDR). Unless these other activities are clear, the signatories cannot decide on their participation in DDR with full knowledge of the options available to them and may block the process. Donors and other partners may also find it difficult to support DDR processes when there are many unknowns. It is therefore important to ensure that stakeholders have a minimum level of understanding and agreement on other related activities, as this will affect their decisions on whether or how to participate in a DDR process. Information on associated activities is usually included in a CPA; however, in the absence of such provisions, the push to disarm and demobilize forces combined with a lack of certainty on fundamental issues such as justice, security and integration can undermine confidence in the process. In such cases an assessment should be made of the opportunities and risks of starting or delaying a DDR process, and the consequences shall be made clear to UN senior leadership, who will take a decision on this. If the decision is to postpone a programme, donors and budgeting bodies shall be kept informed. There may also be a need to link local and national conflict resolution and mediation so that one does not undermine the other.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "c381ac71-c566-47f2-b895-ce36e08a68be", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "6.4 Ensuring a common understanding of DDR Although the negotiating parties may not need to know the details of a DDR process when they sign a peace agreement, they should have a shared understanding of the principles and outcomes of the DDR process and how this will be implemented. It is important for the parties to a peace agreement to have a common understanding of what DDR involves, including the gender dimensions and requirements and protections for children. This may not always be the case, especially if the stakeholders have not all had the same opportunity to learn about DDR. This is particularly true for groups that may be difficult to access because of security or geography, or because they are considered \u2018off limits\u2019 due to their ideology. The ability to hold meaningful discussions on DDR may therefore require capacity-building with the parties to balance the levels of knowledge and ensure a common understanding of the process. In contexts where DDR has been implemented before, this history can affect perceptions of future DDR activities, and there may be a need to review and manage expectations and clarify differences between past and planned processes. The capacity-building and provision of expertise extends to the mediation teams and international supporters of the peace process (envoys, mediators, facilitators, sponsors and donors) who must have access to experts who can guide them in designing appropriate DDR provisions.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "14e12795-8cb2-4aaf-8fe2-c254393a91aa", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 12, - "Paragraph": "6.5 Ensuring international support for DDR International actors, including the UN, Member States and other concerned stakeholders must understand the need to politically support DDR processes. They must also ensure that the agreements reached are responsive to the parties\u2019 demands, fair and implementable, and create a supportive environment for DDR. Donors and UN budgetary bodies should understand that DDR is a long and expensive undertaking. While DDR is a crucial process, it is but one part of a broader political and peacebuilding strategy. Hence, the objectives and expectations of DDR must be realistic. A partial commitment to such an undertaking is insufficient to allow for a sustainable DDR process and may cause harm. This support must extend to an understanding of the difficult circumstances in which DDR is implemented and the need to sometimes wait until the conditions are right to start and assure that funding and support is available for a long-term process. However, there is often a push to spend allocated funding even when the conditions for a process are not in place. This financial pressure should be better understood, and budgetary rules and regulations should not precipitate the premature launch of a DDR process, as this will only undermine its success.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "549663a7-e55c-4c42-ac71-19f90b707ab1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "7.1 Local peace agreements Local peace agreements can take many different forms and may include local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas, CVR agreements and reintegration support for those who have left the armed groups. These local agreements may sometimes be one part of a broader peace strategy. A large range of actors can be involved in the negotiation of these agreements, including informal local mediation committees, Government-established local peace and reconciliation committees, religious actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the UN. Local capacities for peace should also be assessed and engaged in the peace and mediation processes.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "5e752f16-d4a8-40e0-a766-20d8a0b70273", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "7.2 Preliminary ceasefires and comprehensive peace agreements There are usually two types of agreements that are negotiated during a national-level peace process: preliminary ceasefires and CPAs.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "96ed4cb3-78c6-4ab7-a907-f7408e09cdbe", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "7.2.1 Preliminary ceasefires In some cases, preliminary ceasefires may be agreed to prior to a final agreement. These aim to create a more conducive environment for talks to take place. DDR provisions are not included in such agreements.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "60304c12-ac43-4efd-a68c-154c406934af", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "7.2.2 Comprehensive Peace Agreements DDR programmes are often the result of a CPA that seeks to address political and security issues. Without such an agreement, warring parties are unlikely to agree to measures that reduce their ability to use military force to reach their goals. As illustrated in Diagram 1 below, CPAs usually include several chapters or annexes addressing different substantive issues. Diagram 1: Security arrangements and other issues in a comprehensive peace agreement The first three activities under \u201cCeasefire and Security Arrangements\u201d are typically part of the ceasefire process. The cantonment of forces, especially when cantonment sites are also used for DDR activities, is usually the nexus between the ceasefire and the \u201cfinal security arrangements\u201d that include DDR and SSR (see section 7.5). Ceasefires usually require the parties to provide a declaration of forces for monitoring purposes, ideally disaggregated by sex and including information regarding the presence of WAAFG, CAAFG, abductees, etc. This declaration can provide important planning information for DDR practitioners and, in some cases, negotiated agreements may stipulate the declared number of people in each movement that are expected to participate in a DDR process. Likewise, the assembly or cantonment of forces may provide the opportunity to launch disarmament and demobilization activities in assembly areas, or, at a minimum, to provide information outreach and a preliminary registration of personnel for planning purposes. Outreach should always include messages about the eligibility of female DDR participants and encourage their registration. Discussions on the disengagement and withdrawal of troops may provide information as to where the process is likely to take place as well as the number of persons involved and the types and quantities of weapons and ammunition present. In addition to security arrangements, the role of armed groups in interim political institutions is usually laid out in the political chapters of a CPA. If political power-sharing systems are set up straight after a conflict, these are the bodies whose membership will be negotiated during a peace agreement. Transitional governments must deal with critical issues and processes resulting from the conflict, including in many cases DDR. It is also these bodies that may be responsible for laying the foundations of longer-term political structures, often through activities such as the review of constitutions, the holding of national political dialogues and the organization of elections. Where there is also a security role for these actors, this may be established in either the political or security chapters of a CPA. Political roles may include participation in the interim administration at all levels (central Government and regional and local authorities) as well as in other political bodies or movements such as being represented in national dialogues. Security areas of consideration might include the need to provide security for political actors, in many cases by establishing protection units for politicians, often drawn from the ranks of their combatants. It may also include the establishment of interim security systems that will incorporate elements from armed forces and groups (see section 7.5.1)", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "7ee38369-d2ee-4126-8d35-e4a424fbbe06", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 15, - "Paragraph": "7.3 DDR support to mediation As members of mediation support teams or mission staff in an advisory role to the Special Representative to the Secretary-General (SRSG) or the Deputy Special Representative to the Secretary-General (DSRSG), DDR practitioners can provide advice on how to engage with armed forces and groups on DDR issues and contribute to the attainment of agreements. In non-mission settings, the UN peace and development advisors (PDAs) deployed to the office of the UN Resident Coordinator (RC) play a key role in advising the RC and the government on how to engage and address armed groups. DDR practitioners assigned to UN mediation support teams may also draft DDR provisions of ceasefires, local peace agreements and CPAs, and make proposals on the design and implementation of DDR processes. In addition to the various parties to the conflict, the UN should also support the participation of civil society in peace negotiations, in particular women , youth and others traditionally excluded from peace talks. Women\u2019s participation (in mediation and negotiations) can expand the range of domestic constituencies engaged in a peace process, strengthening its legitimacy and credibility. Women\u2019s perspectives also bring a different understanding of the causes and consequences of conflict, generating more comprehensive and potentially targeted proposals for its resolution. Mediators and DDR practitioners should recognize the sensitivities around language and be flexible and contextual with the terms that are used. The term \u2018reintegration\u2019 may be perceived as inappropriate, particularly if members of armed groups never left their communities. Terms such as \u2018rehabilitation\u2019 or \u2018reincorporation\u2019 may be considered instead. Similarly, the term \u2018disarmament\u2019 can include connotations of surrender or of having weapons taken away by a more powerful actor, and its use can prevent warring parties from moving forward with the negotiations (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). DDR practitioners and mediators can consider the use of more neutral terms, such as \u2018laying aside of weapons\u2019 or \u2018transitional weapons and ammunition management\u2019. The use of transitional WAM activities and terminology may also set the ground for more realistic arms control provisions in a peace agreement while guarantees around security, justice and integration into the security sector are lacking (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Mediators and other actors supporting the mediation process should have strong DDR and WAM knowledge or have access to expertise that can guide them in designing appropriate and evidence-based DDR WAM provisions. Within a CPA, the detail of large parts of the final security arrangements, including strategy and programme documents and budgets, is often left until later. However, CPAs should typically establish the principle that DDR will take place and outline the structures responsible for implementation. If contextual analysis reveals that both local and national conflict dynamics are at play (see section 5.1.4) DDR practitioners can support a multilevel approach to mediation. This approach should not be reactive and ad hoc, but part of a well-articulated strategy explicitly connecting the local to the national. Problems may arise if those engaged in negotiations are not well informed about DDR and commit to an unsuitable or unrealistic process. This usually occurs when DDR expertise is not available in negotiations or the organizations that might support a DDR process are not consulted by the mediators or facilitators of a peace process. It is therefore important to ensure that DDR experts are available to advise on peace agreements that include provisions for DDR.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "9a60ee3a-3f6d-4332-8e0e-e7853630d5bf", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 16, - "Paragraph": "7.3.1 Peace mediation and gender Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) calls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective, including, inter alia: (a) The special needs of women and girls during repatriation and resettlement and for rehabilitation, reintegration and post-conflict reconstruction; (b) Measures that support local women\u2019s peace initiatives and indigenous processes for conflict resolution, and that involve women in all of the implementation mechanisms of the peace agreements; (c) Measures that ensure the protection of and respect for human rights of women and girls, particularly as they relate to the constitution, the electoral system, the police and the judiciary.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "90292e6b-c754-4ae7-8de8-9b98b500c012", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 16, - "Paragraph": "7.4 DDR support to confidence-building measures DDR processes often contend with a lack of trust between the signatories to peace agreements. Previous experience with DDR programmes indicates two common delay tactics: the inflation of numbers of fighters to increase a party\u2019s importance and weight in the peace negotiations, and the withholding of combatants and arms until there is greater trust in the peace process. Some peace agreements have linked progress in DDR to progress in the political track so as to overcome fears that, once disarmed, the movement will lose influence and its political claims may not be fully met. Confidence-building measures (CBMs) are often used to reduce or eliminate the causes of mistrust and tensions during negotiations or to reinforce confidence where it already exists. Certain DDR activities and related tools can also be considered CBMs and could be instituted in support of peace negotiations. For example, CVR programmes can also be used as a means to de-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and to build confidence before the signature of a CPA and the launch of a DDR programme (see also IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). Furthermore, pre-DDR may be used to try to reduce tensions on the ground while negotiations are ongoing. Pre-DDR and CVR can provide combatants with alternatives to waging war at a time when negotiating parties may be cut off or prohibited from accessing their usual funding sources (e.g., if a preliminary agreement forbids their participation in resource exploitation, taxation or other income-generating activities). However, in the absence of a CPA, prolonged CVR and pre-DDR can also become a support mechanism for armed groups rather than an incentive to finalize peace negotiations. Such processes should therefore be approached with caution.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "6e2eae41-4726-480a-903d-54b455f9316d", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 17, - "Paragraph": "7.5 DDR and transitional and final security arrangements Most CPAs include provisions for transitional (or \u2018interim\u2019) and final security arrangements. Transitional security arrangements are typically put in place to support DDR programmes by establishing security structures, often jointly or with a third party such as a UN peace operation, that can provide security before the final post-conflict security structures are established. In situations where UN peace operations are unlikely to be established following the signature of a CPA, joint security mechanisms may be put in place as part of transitional and final security arrangements with or without different forms of international verification. Alternatively, a separate mechanism driven either by regional economic communities or bilateral players agreed to by the warring parties may be deployed. DDR programmes are usually part of the final security arrangements that establish, among other things, what will happen to the fighting forces post-conflict.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "c1e74135-1a69-41fd-820e-d3b5967748ec", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 17, - "Paragraph": "7.5.1 Transitional security Transitional security arrangements vary in scope depending on the context, levels of trust and what might be acceptable to the parties. Options that might be considered include: Acceptable third-party actor(s) who are able to secure the process. Joint units, patrols or operations involving the parties to a conflict, often alongside a third-party presence (see also IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Local security actors such as community police who are acceptable to the communities and to the actors, as they are considered neutral and not a force brought in from outside. Deployment of national police. Depending on the situation, this may have to occur with prior consent for any operations within a zone or be done alongside a third-party actor. Transitional security structures may require the parties to act as a security provider during a period of political transition. This may happen prior to or alongside DDR programmes. This transition phase is vital for building confidence at a time when warring parties may be losing their military capacity and their ability to defend themselves. This transitional period also allows for progress in parallel political, economic or social tracks. There is, however, often a push to proceed as quickly as possible to the final security arrangements and a normalization of the security scene. Consequently, DDR may take place during the transition phase so that when this comes to an end the armed groups have been demobilized. This may mean that DDR proceeds in advance of other parts of the peace process, despite its success being tied to progress in these other areas.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "957ffb8f-10a3-48d4-907e-f11352de89a3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 17, - "Paragraph": "7.5.2 Final security arrangements DDR programmes are usually considered to be part of the CPA\u2019s provisions on final security arrangements. These seek to address the final status of signatories to the CPA through DDR, SSR, restructuring of security governance institutions and other related reforms.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "1f30ffff-dd0e-445e-bf7c-e8f08bb83412", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "7.5.3 Verification Verification measures are used to ensure that the parties comply with an agreement. Verification is usually carried out by inclusive, neutral or joint bodies. The latter often include the parties and an impartial actor (such as the UN or local parties acceptable to all sides) that can help resolve disagreements. Verification mechanisms for disarmament may be separate from the bodies established to implement DDR (usually a DDR commission) and may also verify other parts of a peace process in both mission and non-mission settings.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "31372dd1-5f89-43a4-bb7f-a784b90182b1", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "8.1 Recognizing the political dynamics of DDR DDR should not be seen as a purely technical process, but one that requires active political support at all levels. In mission settings, this also means that DDR should not be viewed as the unique preserve of the DDR section. It should be given the attention and support it deserves by the senior mission leadership, who must be the political champions of such processes. In non-mission settings, DDR will fall under the responsibility of the UN RC system and the UNCT.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "ce5b079c-ae73-40b4-a852-65f0170fa786", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "8.2 DDR-related tools A peace agreement is a precondition for a DDR programme, but DDR programmes need not always follow peace agreements. Other DDR-related tools, such as CVR, may be more appropriate, particularly following a local-level peace agreement or even during active conflict (see IDDRS 2.30 on Community Violence Reduction). DDR practitioners must assess the political consequences, if any, of supporting DDR processes in active conflict contexts. In particular, the intended outcomes of such interventions should be clear. For example, is the aim to contribute to local-level stabilization or to make the rewards of stability more tangible, perhaps through a CVR project or by supporting the reintegration of those who leave active armed groups? Alternatively, is the purpose to provide impetus to a national-level peace process? If the latter, a clear theory of change, outlining how local interventions are intended to scale up, is required.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "9f869eb7-4dae-4ee1-b1b2-51a835b5b65e", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "8.3 DDR programmes If designed properly, DDR programmes and pre-DDR can reduce parties\u2019 concerns about disbanding their fighting forces and losing political and military advantage. The following political sensitivities should be taken into account:", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "cfc48586-44d3-4550-a1cf-1922409bc481", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.3.1 Political optics The handover of weapons from one party to another (e.g., from an armed group to a Government) may be inappropriate, as it could be viewed as one side surrendering to the other (see also IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament). To address this issue, DDR practitioners can consider: The handover of weapons to a neutral third party. The design of disarmament sites, as well as who is present there. The design should seek to minimize negative perceptions linked to the handover of weapons. This may also mean that the sites are under the control of a neutral party. Demobilizing selected elements (e.g., war wounded, veterans, child soldiers) from an armed force or group can be a strong signal of the movement\u2019s willingness to move forward with peace while allowing the bulk of their forces to remain intact until political goals or benchmarks have been met. This can be a controversial approach, as in some cases it can allow warring parties to get rid of members who are less combat capable, thus leaving them with smaller but more effective forces.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "0413afca-0ae0-4bca-a9aa-f3423af4bb75", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.3.2 Parity in disarmament and demobilization Disarmament provisions are not always applied evenly to all parties and, most often, armed forces are not disarmed. This can create an imbalance in the process, with one side being asked to hand over more weapons than the other. Even the symbolic disarmament or control (safe storage as a part of a supervised process) of a number of the armed forces\u2019 weapons can help to create a perception of parity in the process. This could involve the control of the same number of weapons from the armed forces as those handed in by armed groups. Similarly, because it is often argued that armed forces are required to protect the nation and uphold the rule of law, DDR processes may demobilize only the armed opposition. This can create security concerns for the disarmed and demobilized groups whose opponents retain the ability to use force, and perceptions of inequality in the way that armed forces and groups are treated, with one side retaining jobs and salaries while the other is demobilized. In order to create a more equitable process, mediators may allow for the cantonment or barracking of a number of Government troops equivalent to the number of fighters from armed groups that are cantoned, disarmed and demobilized. They may also push for the demobilization of some members of the armed forces so as to make room for the integration of members of opposition armed groups into the national army.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "30063bb1-256a-47b5-ab22-4b852d1ec710", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "8.3.3 Linkages to other aspects of the peace process Opposition armed groups may be reluctant to demobilize their troops and dismantle their command structures before receiving tangible indications that the political aspects of an agreement will be implemented. This can take time, and there may be a need to consider measures to keep troops under command and control, fed and paid in the interim. They could include: Extended cantonment (this should not be open ended, and a reasonable end date should be set, even if it needs to be renegotiated later); Linking demobilization to the successful completion of benchmarks in the political arena and in the transformation of armed groups into political parties; Pre-DDR activities; Providing other opportunities such as work brigades that keep the command and control of the groups but reorientate them towards more constructive activities.\t\t\t Such processes must be measured against the ability of the organization to control its troops and may be controversial as they retain command and control structures that can facilitate remobilization. Mid-level and senior commander\u2019s political aspirations should be considered when developing demobilization options. Support for political actors is a sensitive issue and can have important implications for the perceived neutrality of the UN, so decisions on this should be taken at the highest level. If agreed to, support in this field may require linking up with other organizations that can assist. Similarly, reintegration into civilian life could be broadened to include a political component for DDR programme participants. This could include civic education and efforts to build political platforms, including political parties. While these activities lie outside of the scope of DDR, DDR practitioners could develop partnerships with actors that are already engaged in this field. The latter could develop projects to assist armed group members who enter into politics in preparing for their new roles. Finally, when reintegration support is offered to former combatants, persons formerly associated with armed forces and groups, and community members, there may be politically motivated attempts to influence whether these individuals opt to receive reintegration support or take up other, alternative options. Warring parties may push their members to choose an option that supports their former armed force or group as opposed to the individual\u2019s best chances at reintegration. They may push cadres to run for political office, encourage integration into the security services so as to build a power base within these forces, or opt for cash reintegration assistance, some of which is used to support political activities. The notion of individual choice should therefore be encouraged so as to counter attempts to co-opt reintegration to political ends.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "86a00d73-7e73-4919-a631-be53daba3365", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "8.3.4 Elections and the transformation of armed groups Along with the signature of a peace agreement, elections are often seen as a symbol marking the end of the transition from war to peace. If they are to be truly representative and offer an alternative way of contesting power, politics must be demilitarized (\u201dtake the gun out of politics\u201d or go \u201cfrom bullet to ballot\u201d) and transform armed groups into viable political parties that compete in the political arena. It is also through political parties that citizens, including former combatants, can involve themselves in politics and policymaking, as parties provide them with a structure for political participation and a channel for making their voices heard. Not all armed groups can become viable political parties. In this case, alternatives can be sought, including the establishment of a civil society organization aimed at advancing the cause of the group. However, if the transformation of armed groups into political parties is part of the conflict resolution process, reflected in a peace agreement, then the UN should provide support towards this end. DDR may affect the holding of or influence the outcome of elections in several ways: Armed forces and groups that wield power through weapons and the threat of violence can influence the way people vote, affecting the free and fair nature of the elections. Hybrid political \u2019parties\u2019 that are armed and able to organize violence retain the ability to challenge electoral results through force. Armed groups may not have had the time nor space to transform into political actors. They may feel cheated if they are not able to participate fully in the process and revert to violence, as this is their usual way of challenging institutions or articulating grievances. Women in armed groups may be excluded or marginalized as leadership roles and places in the political ranks are carved out. There is often a push for DDR to happen before elections are held. This may be a part of the sequencing of a peace process (signature of an agreement \u2013 DDR programme \u2013 elections), and in some cases completing DDR may be a pre-condition for holding polls. Delays in DDR may affect the timing of elections, or elections that are planned too early can result in a rushed DDR process, all of which may compromise the credibility of the broader peace process. Conversely, postponing elections until DDR is completed can be difficult, especially given the long timeframes for DDR, and when there are large caseloads of combatants still to be demobilized or non-signatory movements are still active and can become spoilers. For these reasons DDR practitioners should consider the sequencing of DDR and elections and acknowledge that the interplay between them will have knock-on effects.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "f47bde26-ce3a-4504-93fd-7785ab937382", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.20 The Politics of DDR_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 21, - "Paragraph": "Annex A: Abbreviations CAAFG \tchildren associated with armed forces and groups CBM\tconfidence-building measures CDA\tconflict and development analysis CPA \tComprehensive Peace Agreement CVR\tcommunity violence reduction DSRSG \tDeputy Special Representative to the Secretary-General NGO\tnon-governmental organization PDA\tpeace and development advisors SRSG\tSpecial Representative to the Secretary-General SSR \tsecurity sector reform UNCT\tUnited Nations Country Team UN RC\tUnited Nations Resident Coordinator UNSDCF\tUnited Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework WAAFG \twomen associated with armed forces and groups WAM\tweapons and ammunition management", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json deleted file mode 100644 index cff5270..0000000 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,572 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "ID": "f86654ac-5c3c-48d4-9306-3b3e5379bc8d", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Summary Integrated disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes increasingly include a community violence reduction (CVR) component as a direct contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16.1: Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related deaths everywhere. As outlined in the United Nations (UN) approach to DDR, CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups, and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups. In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist, CVR may be pursued before, during, and after a DDR programme. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). CVR may also be pursued when the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent. In this context, CVR can contribute to security and stabilization, help to make the returns of stability more tangible, and create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. There is no uniform or standard template for CVR, although all CVR programmes share the overarching goal of reducing armed violence and sustaining peace (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). CVR can be used for a variety of purposes, ranging from the prevention of (re-)recruitment to improving the capacities of communities to absorb ex-combatants and associated groups. CVR may also be used as stop-gap reinsertion assistance at the community level, while reintegration is still at the planning and/or resource mobilization stage. Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be developed and adapted to particular contexts. However, very often an underlying expectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will foster social cohesion and provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives to joining armed groups. As a result, communities will become active participants in the reduction of armed violence. While CVR can achieve significant results, it is neither a short-term panacea nor a long-term development programme. Adequate linkages with recovery and development programmes are therefore key. CVR programmes may complement other elements of the broader DDR process. For example, CVR can complement other DDR-related tools such as transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management), and can be used as part of programmes for those leaving armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). In mission settings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, where appropriate, planning for CVR should ensure adequate linkages with support to the reintegration of ex-combatants and associated groups. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR will depend on the allocation of national budgets and/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to community-based reintegration are both envisaged, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "25cadb53-2cfa-4545-83cb-207bfeb3ceb0", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "1. Module scope and objectives This module sets out the basic conceptual and strategic parameters of CVR and its place within integrated DDR processes. It also outlines the principles and programmatic considerations that should guide the design, planning and implementation of CVR.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "8f4286c0-9857-4ec2-9483-28829507e9c3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 3, - "Paragraph": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations Annex A contains a list of abbreviations used in these standards. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the IDDRS series is given in IDDRS 1.20. In the IDDRS series, the words \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019, \u2018may\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 and \u2018must\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and guidelines: a) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard; b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications; c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action; d) \u2018can\u2019 is used to indicate a possibility and capability; e) \u2018must\u2019 is used to indicate an external constraint or obligation. CVR programmes may include different types of coordination mechanisms to guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two common coordination mechanisms are: Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC/PRC. (See below.) All project selection should comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. Project Approval/Review Committee (PAC/PRC): A PAC/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR, vets and approves projects selected by PSCs, and helps to raise finances. The PAC/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC/PRC members for consideration. The PAC/PRC should ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "e8cb78dc-8b87-454c-8b55-d6acd37072fa", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "3. Introduction CVR is a DDR-related tool that directly responds to the presence of active and/or former members of armed groups in a community and is designed to promote security and stability in both mission and non-mission contexts (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups. CVR programmes have a variety of uses. In situations where the preconditions for a DDR programme exist \u2013 including a ceasefire or peace agreement, trust in the peace process, willingness of the parties to engage in DDR and minimum guarantees of security \u2013 CVR may be pursued before, during and after a DDR programme, as a complementary measure. Specific provisions for CVR may also be included in local-level peace agreements, sometimes instead of DDR programmes (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). When the preconditions for a DDR programme are absent, CVR may be used to contribute to security and stabilization, to help make the returns of stability more tangible, and to create more conducive environments for national and local peace processes. More specifically, CVR programmes can be used as a means to: De-escalate violence during a preliminary ceasefire and build confidence before the signature of a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the launch of a DDR programme; Prevent at-risk individuals, particularly at-risk youth, from joining armed groups; Stop former members of armed groups from rejoining these groups and from engaging in violent crime and destructive social unrest; Provide stop-gap reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months), particularly if demobilization is complete and reintegration support is still at the planning and/or resource mobilization stage; Encourage members of armed groups that have not signed on to peace agreements to move away from armed violence; Reorient members of armed groups away from waging war and towards constructive activities; Reduce violence in communities and neighbourhoods that are vulnerable to high rates of armed violence, organized crime and/or sexual or gender-based violence; and Increase the capacity of communities and neighbourhoods to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants. CVR programmes are typically short to medium term and include, but are not limited to, a combination of: Weapons and ammunition management; Labour-intensive short-term employment; Vocational/skills training and job employment; Infrastructure improvement; Community security and police rapprochement; Educational outreach and social mobilization; Mental health and psychosocial support, in both collective and individual formats; Civic education; and Gender transformative projects including education and awareness-raising programmes with community members on gender, women\u2019s empowerment, and conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) prevention and response. Whether introduced in mission or non-mission settings, CVR priorities and projects should, without exception, be crafted at the local level, with representative participation, and where possible, consultation of community stakeholders, including women, boys, girls and youth. All CVR programmes should be underpinned by a clear theory of change that defines the problem to be solved, surfaces the core assumptions underlying the theory of change, explains the core targets and metrics to be addressed, and describes how the proposed intervention activities will address these issues. Specific theories of change for CVR programmes should be adapted to particular contexts. However, very often an underlying expectation of CVR is that specific programme activities will provide former combatants and other at-risk individuals with alternatives that are more attractive than joining armed groups or resorting to armed violence and/or provide the mental tools and interpersonal coping strategies to resist incitements to violence. Another common underlying expectation is that CVR projects will contribute to social cohesion. In socially cohesive communities, community members feel that they belong to the community, that there is trust between community members, and that community members can work together. Members of socially cohesive communities are more likely to be aware of, and more likely to intervene when they see, behaviour that may lead to violence. Therefore, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives, communities become active participants in the reduction of armed violence. By promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, CVR has the potential to directly contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals, and particularly SDG 16 on Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions. CVR can also reinforce other SDG targets, including 4.1 and 4.7, on education and promoting cultures of peace, respectively; 5.2 and 5.5, on preventing violence against women and girls and promoting women\u00b4s leadership and participation; and 8.7 and 8.8, related to child soldiers and improving workplace safety. CVR may also contribute to SDG 10.2, on political, social and economic inclusion; 11.1, 11.2 and 11.7, on housing, transport and safe public spaces; and 16.1, 16.2 and 16.4, related to reducing violence, especially against children, and the availability of arms. CVR programmes aim to sustain peace by preventing the (re-)recruitment of former combatants and other individuals at risk of recruitment (see IDDRS 2.40 on Reintegration as Part of Sustaining Peace). More specifically, CVR programmes should actively strengthen the protective factors that increase the resilience of young people, women and communities to involvement in, or harms associated with, violence. CVR shall not lead, but could help to facilitate, a political process (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Politics of DDR). Although CVR is essentially a technical intervention, the process of planning, formulating, negotiating and executing activities may be intensely political. CVR should involve routine engagement and negotiation with government officials, active and/or former members of armed groups, individuals at risk of recruitment, business and civic leaders, and communities as a whole; it necessitates a deep understanding of the local context and the common definition/understanding of an overarching CVR strategy.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "d1be26a8-8e15-48a8-9db7-af38e0885396", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "4. Guiding principles IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR sets out the main principles that guide all aspects of DDR processes. This section outlines how these principles apply to CVR:", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "02f9cf85-ec70-4613-88d4-26f6bb328ab7", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 5, - "Paragraph": "4.2 Criteria for participation/eligibility The eligibility criteria for CVR should be developed in consultation with target communities and, if in existence, a Project Selection Committee (PSC) or equivalent body. Eligibility criteria shall be developed and communicated in the most transparent manner possible. This is because eligibility and ineligibility can become a source of community tension and conflict. Eligibility for CVR does not mean that those who participate will necessarily be ineligible to participate in other programmes that form part of the broader DDR process \u2013 this will depend on the particular framework in place. Some frameworks may require the surrender of a weapon as a precondition for participation in a CVR programme (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). Furthermore, when members of armed groups that are not signatory to a peace agreement are being considered for inclusion in CVR programmes, the status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified in order to mitigate any risks. If the individuals being considered for inclusion in a CVR programme have voluntarily left an armed group designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations Security Council, DDR practitioners shall incorporate proper screening mechanisms and criteria to identify suspected terrorists (for further information on specific requirements for children refer to IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Depending on the circumstances, the terrorist organization they are associated with and the terrorist offences committed, it may not be appropriate for suspected terrorists to participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "6e5c2ad2-339f-4ca2-91cd-4616788dcae3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.3 Unconditional release and protection of children Specific provisions shall be developed to ensure the protection, care and support of young people (15\u201324) who participate in CVR programmes (see IDDRS 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Where appropriate, children (under 18) may be included in CVR activities, but with relevant legal safeguards to ensure their rights and needs are carefully accounted for. Mental health and psychosocial support services as well as social services should be established, as appropriate, in consultation with relevant child protection units and agencies (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR).", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "942337cf-5a32-4505-83f1-a29f1b44e5bd", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.4 In accordance with standards and principles of humanitarian assistance CVR does not reward those who have engaged in violent behaviours for their past activities, but rather invests in individuals and communities that actively renounce past violent behaviour and that are looking for a productive and peaceful future. CVR shall not be used to provide material and financial assistance to active members of armed groups.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "a916282c-c504-43f1-80a1-14cfb01bcc19", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 6, - "Paragraph": "4.5 Gender-responsive and inclusive CVR shall actively ensure a gender-responsive approach that accounts for the specific needs of men and women, boys and girls. This may include more proportional gender representation within DDR/CVR sections, among CVR project implementing partners, within PSCs (or equivalent bodies), and among individual and community beneficiaries. The inclusion of women across all aspects of CVR strengthens the overall legitimacy and credibility of the enterprise. Moreover, developing the agency of women, girls and youth will enhance their political and social influence in civic associations and their authority in relation to economic productivity, thereby reducing violence. CVR can also incorporate measures to challenge harmful notions of masculinity and engage with men and boys to promote behaviours and attitudes that value gender equality and non-violence. In some settings, there may be strong sociocultural and economic constraints to expanding women\u00b4s representation in PSCs or among project beneficiaries. To mitigate these challenges, DDR practitioners have introduced quota systems requiring a minimum level of female participation (30%) in PSCs and among selected projects (30% of projects must directly support women\u2019s specific needs). These quota systems shall be discussed with national counterparts at the outset of UN engagement in CVR and explained to all personnel and partners working on CVR programmes at the subnational and local levels. All CVR projects should report on the gender and age dimensions of PSCs as well as on CVR projects themselves. Introducing gender- and age-specific quotas in CVR project tenders should also mitigate discriminatory practices. Likewise, DDR practitioners shall ensure that any public works projects selected for support are designed in a way that respects the rights and specific needs of every person. CVR shall be inclusive to the extent that it focuses not only on former combatants, but also on at-risk children and youth (male and female) as well as a wide range of community members living in volatile areas and in need of assistance. CVR shall be aligned with a \u2018rights-based\u2019 approach, in that processes adhere to international human rights law and standards. For example, all community members in selected areas should benefit from interventions without discrimination. CVR shall also be tailored to address distinct ethnic, religious and other groups to the extent possible. Specifically, training, education and outreach initiatives that promote civic education, life and parenting skills, and psychosocial support, education and counselling should reach across specific needs groups. By advocating for a plural caseload, CVR should help to promote more responsible civic engagement, a key feature of social cohesion.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "79ecfb0c-ec5a-4d82-9ace-087515cdf5fc", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 7, - "Paragraph": "4.6 Conflict sensitive In all cases, CVR shall do no harm. When projects and implementing partners are not adequately monitored and evaluated, CVR support can be channeled to one group at the expense of others. Moreover, communities in resource scarce and inaccessible areas that are not included in CVR may resent being left out. Some population groups may feel legitimately abandoned and resort to crime and banditry. In some cases, this may result in increases in interpersonal violence in the home, including domestic and child abuse, or increases in sexual or gender-based violence. Communities that are included in CVR programmes may also have unrealistic expectations and create problems if they feel they are not adequately benefiting from them. CVR should have a whole of community and equity focus, as the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes. Negative perceptions of exclusion and potential additional grievances should be anticipated and accounted for in DDR practitioners\u2019 conflict assessments.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "7bdeebc1-2f84-41b0-a724-e6a5a32810f4", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 7, - "Paragraph": "4.7 Context specific There is no single template for CVR, and the vast diversity of CVR programmes is by design: form follows function. As a practice area, CVR is continuing to evolve in both mission and non-mission settings. Whether implemented through the UN or through national and community-based non-governmental organizations, CVR can adapt and change over time, even in a single context.", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "30706e65-74fa-48e2-a2ba-e8f86c3ec345", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 8, - "Paragraph": "4.8 Nationally and locally owned CVR programmes are ultimately the responsibility of local, national and subnational governments and non-government partners. Yet in many settings, public and civil society capacities may be exceedingly weak. Where possible and appropriate, CVR should aim to reinforce the legitimacy, credibility and capacity of state and non-governmental partners. While guided by violence reduction imperatives, implementing partners and projects should also be selected on the basis of promoting local and national ownership. Leadership is required from government entities including, as appropriate, a national DDR commission (if one exists) or equivalent entity. In cases where government delivery of CVR is not feasible, DDR practitioners should seek to foster institutional capacities and representation. The goal in all cases must be to strengthen, not replace, state and non-state capacities. Although typically short to medium term, CVR programmes shall be strongly aligned with national and community security priorities, based on needs assessment and tailored to local capacities. Defining what security means for a particular community should be part of the initial first steps. CVR should allow for direct dialogue, technical engagement, implementation and outreach with a wide array of stakeholders from the national to the community level. By working directly with affected communities and local governments, CVR can help lay the foundation for stabilization and allow for recovery and reconstruction. The sustainability of CVR projects during and after they are launched requires the formation of a strong partnership with public, private and non-governmental authorities. Strategies to embed state partners and private-sector and civil society groups in CVR project design, planning, implementation and monitoring are pathways to facilitate handovers. CVR is bottom-up in orientation and should devolve decision-making, project design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation to the local level. While the strategic direction of CVR programmes should be set by government personnel with support from the UN, decisions related to project selection and execution, and monitoring and evaluation, should be delegated to PSCs and local project implementers. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included. If alternate institutions already exist (such as local peace and development committees), then they should be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society. DDR practitioners should ensure that once selected, CVR projects are mediated, to the extent possible, by local counterparts \u2013 at the communal, county, municipal or neighbourhood level. CVR may build trust and confidence \u2013 and stimulate local economic activity \u2013 by recruiting implementing partners and engineering support locally. When drawing on local pools of talent and expertise, it is important to explore ways that CVR projects can continue after funding ends.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "2d78f0ef-0cd2-42e9-8002-5cad9e28242b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 8, - "Paragraph": "4.9 Integrated CVR should strengthen a coordinated and integrated UN approach to addressing security threats in mission and non-mission settings. CVR can and should involve, where realistically possible, a range of UN agencies and international and national partners in the design, implementation and evaluation of specific activities. Because CVR exists at the intersection of a wide range of agendas and sectors, clear and predictable direction is essential. CVR shall contribute to the UN \u201cdelivering as one\u201d. At a minimum, CVR programmes should not compete with or duplicate other initiatives carried out by UN agencies, funds and programmes as well as those fielded by national and international partners. CVR programmes may often be implemented in contexts where development, humanitarian and peace actors and interventions co-exist. To maximize complementarity and coordination, CVR strategies shall be guided by a clear set of objectives and targets, as well as a theory of change. Where feasible and appropriate, partnerships should be pursued.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "441a199c-5b29-4c1d-a2f3-42e8bcef80a3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "4.10 Well planned CVR programmes shall aim to be data-driven and evidence-based. Monitoring and evaluation measures shall be prepared before CVR programmes are started and applied throughout the entire life cycle of the intervention (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Relevant baseline assessments, the collection of gender and sex-disaggregated data on project participants, and mid- and end-term evaluations shall be anticipated and budgeted for by DDR practitioners well in advance. Data collection and retention policies for implementing partners and DDR practitioners shall also include privacy provisions, including procedures on data retention, sharing and disposal. The progress of CVR programmes shall be regularly analysed and communicated to relevant partners to ensure that core objectives are achieved, and that mitigation strategies are prepared when they are not.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "6ee0936d-0527-48d8-b118-fa07d5262108", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 9, - "Paragraph": "5. The role of CVR within a DDR process DDR practitioners should, at the outset of a CVR programme, agree on a common understanding of the role of CVR within the DDR process, including its possible relationship to a DDR programme, to other DDR-related tools (such as transitional WAM), and to reintegration support (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). Achieving shared clarity of purpose between national and local stakeholders, the UN and the entities responsible for coordinating CVR is critical. The target groups for CVR programmes may vary according to the context. (See section 6.4.) However, four categories stand out: Former combatants who are part of an existing UN-supported or national DDR programme. These typically include ex-combatants and persons formerly associated with armed groups who are waiting for support and could be perceived as a threat to broader security and stability. If reintegration support is delayed, CVR can serve as a stop-gap measure, providing temporary reinsertion assistance for a defined period (6\u201318 months) (also see IDDRS 4.20 on Demobilization). Members of armed groups who are not formally eligible for a DDR programme because their group is not signatory to a peace agreement. These groups may include rebel factions, paramilitaries, militia groups, members of armed gangs or other entities that are not part of a peace agreement. This category may include individuals who voluntarily leave active armed groups, including those that are designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council (see IDDRS 2.11 on The Legal Framework for UN DDR). The status of these individuals and armed groups must be analysed and specified to mitigate any risks associated with their inclusion in CVR programmes. Individuals who are not members of an armed group, but who are at risk of recruitment by such groups. These individuals are not part of an established armed group and are therefore ineligible to participate in a DDR programme. They do, however, exhibit the potential to build peace and to contribute to the prevention of recruitment in their community. This wide category of beneficiaries can include male and female children and youth (see IDDRS 5.20 on Children and DDR and 5.30 on Youth and DDR). Designated communities that are susceptible to outbreaks of violence, close to cantonment sites, or likely to receive former combatants. In some cases, CVR may target communities and neighbourhoods that are situated close to cantonment sites and/or vulnerable to high rates of political violence, organized crime, or sexual or gender-based violence. CVR can also be focused on a sample of productive members of a community to enhance their potential to absorb newly reinserted and reintegrated former combatants.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "2f1d8112-2bf1-4d84-a0d1-6ac17fea2999", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 10, - "Paragraph": "5.1 CVR in support of and as a complement to a DDR programme CVR may be pursued before, during and after DDR programmes in both mission and non-mission settings. (See Table 1 below.) TABLE 1. CVR BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER A DDR PROGRAMME \t CVR may be undertaken prior to a DDR programme. Past experience has shown that military commanders can sometimes try to recruit additional group members during negotiation processes in order to strengthen their troop numbers and consequent influence at the negotiating table. Similarly, previous experience has shown that imminent access to a DDR programme may have the perverse incentive of encouraging recruitment. CVR can counter this possibility, by fostering social cohesion and providing alternatives to joining armed groups. CVR may also be undertaken in parallel with DDR programmes. For example, CVR programmes can be implemented near cantonment sites for a number of reasons. Firstly, there may be community resistance to the nearby cantoning of armed forces and groups. CVR can respond to this while also showing community members that ex-combatants are not the only ones to benefit from the DDR process. CVR can also help to mitigate insecurity around cantonment sites, particularly if cantonment goes on for longer than anticipated. Even in communities that are not close to cantonment sites, CVR can be undertaken parallel to a DDR programme in order to strengthen the capacities of communities to absorb former combatants and to reduce tensions that may be caused by the arrival of ex-combatants and associated groups. More specifically, over the short to medium term, CVR can equip communities with dispute mechanisms as well as community dialogue mechanisms to manage grievances and stimulate local economic activity that benefits a wider population. CVR can also be used as a means of addressing armed groups that have not signed on to a peace agreement. The aim of CVR in this context would be to minimize the potentially disruptive effects that non-signatory groups can have on an ongoing DDR programme. Parallel to DDR programmes, CVR can also play a critical role in strengthening reinsertion efforts and bridging the so-called \u2018reintegration gap\u2019. In mission settings, CVR will be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. Therefore, if DDR programmes are unable to mobilize sufficient reintegration assistance, CVR may smooth the transition through the provision of tailored reinsertion assistance for ex-combatants and associated groups and the communities to which they return. For this reason, CVR is sometimes described as a stop-gap measure. In non-mission settings, funding for CVR and reintegration support will depend on the allocation of national budgets and/or voluntary contributions from donors. Therefore, in instances where CVR and support to community-based reintegration are both envisaged in a non-mission setting, they should, from the outset, be planned and implemented as a single and continuous programme. The distinctions between CVR and reinsertion as part of a DDR programme are outlined in Table 2 below. TABLE 2. DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN REINSERTION AND CVR CVR may also be appropriate after a formal DDR programme has ended. For example, CVR may be administered after a DDR programme in combination with transitional weapons and ammunition management (WAM) in order to bolster resilience to (re-)recruitment and to mop up or safely register and store any remaining civilian-held weapons (see IDDRS 4.11 on Transitional WAM and section 5.3 below). CVR may also provide a constructive transitional function, particularly if reintegration support is ended prematurely. Any plans to maintain CVR activities after a DDR programme should be agreed with relevant stakeholders.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "73e05dd7-bb17-4487-b273-09aa214a660c", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 13, - "Paragraph": "5.2 CVR in the absence of DDR programmes CVR may also be used in the absence of a DDR programme. (See Table 3 below.) TABLE 3: CVR IN THE ABSENCE OF A DDR PROGRAMME CVR can be used to build confidence between warring parties and to show the possible dividends of future peace. In turn, this may help to foster an environment that is conducive to the signing of a peace agreement. It is possible that DDR processes will not include DDR programmes, either because the preconditions for DDR programmes are not present or because alternative measures are more appropriate. For example, a local-level peace agreement may include provisions for CVR rather than a DDR programme. These local-level agreements can take many different forms, including (but not limited to) local non-aggression pacts between armed groups, deals regarding access to specific areas and CVR agreements (see IDDRS 2.20 on The Political Dimensions of DDR). Alternatively, in certain cases armed groups designated as terrorist organizations by the United Nations Security Council may refuse to sign peace agreements. Individuals who voluntarily decide to leave these armed groups may participate in CVR programmes. However, they must first be screened in order to assess whether they have committed certain crimes, including terrorist acts that would disqualify them from participation in a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.11 on Legal Framework for UN DDR).", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": true - }, - { - "ID": "51984c77-5e24-43c8-9d97-66cdd04f02a9", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 14, - "Paragraph": "5.3 Relationship between CVR and weapons and ammunition management CVR may involve activities related to collecting, managing and/or destroying weapons and ammunition. Arms control initiatives and potential CVR arms-related eligibility criteria should be\u00a0in line\u00a0with the disarmament component of the DDR programme (if there is one), as well as other arms control initiatives running in the country (see IDDRS 4.10 on Disarmament and 4.11 on Transitional Weapons and Ammunition Management). While not a disarmament program per se, CVR may include measures to promote community or locally led weapons collection and management initiatives, to support national weapons amnesties, and to collect, store and destroy small arms, light weapons, other conventional arms, ammunition and explosives. The collection and destruction of weapons may play an important symbolic and catalytic role in war-torn communities. Although the return of a weapon is not typically a condition of participation in CVR, voluntary returns may demonstrate the willingness of beneficiaries to engage. Moreover, the removal and/or safe storage of weapons from individuals\u2019 or armed groups\u2019 inventories may help reduce open carrying and home possession of weaponry \u2013 factors that can contribute to violent exchanges and unintentional injuries. Even when weapons are not handed over as part of a CVR programme, it is beneficial to collect information on the weapons still in possession of those participating in CVR. This is because weapons in circulation will continue to represent a risk factor and have the potential to facilitate violence. Expectations should be kept realistic: in settings marked by high levels of insecurity, it is unlikely that voluntary surrenders or amnesties of weapons will meaningfully reduce overall accessibility. DDR practitioners may, in consultation with relevant partners, propose conditions for the submission of weapons as part of a CVR programme. In some instances, modern and artisanal weapons and ammunition have been collected as part of CVR programmes and have later been destroyed in public ceremonies. Weapons and ammunition collected as part of CVR programmes should be destroyed, but if the authorities decide to integrate the material into their national stockpiles, this should be done in compliance with the State\u2019s obligations under relevant international instruments and with technical guidelines.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "c9d1840a-f15b-4bef-a441-948ecd737f4f", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 15, - "Paragraph": "6. CVR programming The legitimacy and effectiveness of CVR begins and ends with community engagement. CVR programmes should not be limited to a small number of partners, but rather include a wide-ranging and representative sample of community stakeholders. Selected partners should be included at all stages of the programming cycle \u2013 project submission, design, development, implementation, communications, and monitoring and evaluation \u2013 in order to help build local capacities and achieve maximum impact. Where counterpart government capacities are weak or compromised, community-level partnerships should be pursued to promote buy-in, to reach difficult-to-access areas, and to help CVR interventions thrive after funding cycles come to an end. At a minimum, CVR strategy and programming shall be aligned with wider national, regional and international stabilization objectives. While the overall strategic direction is determined from above, DDR practitioners should work closely with local intermediaries to ensure that community-driven priorities are front and centre in project selection. This is because community buy-in and local norms and sanctions are critical to limiting the prevalence of violence and helping regulate violence once it has broken out. Local ownership is not an incidental by-product \u2013 it is absolutely essential to CVR effectiveness. CVR programmes are less beholden to a predetermined design than many other stability measures, and they should take advantage of this by incorporating community demands while also ensuring a comprehensive strategy for community security.", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "efc883bb-0628-4e7d-b14c-873e93f4fae6", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 15, - "Paragraph": "6.1 CVR Strategy and Coordination Mechanisms In both mission and non-mission settings, CVR programmes should be based on a clear, predictable and agile CVR strategy. The strategy shall clearly specify core goals, targets, indicators, and the theory of change and overall rationale for CVR. The strategic plan should spell out the division of labour, rules and responsibilities of partners, and their performance targets. CVR programmes are not static and, when political and security dynamics change, shall be regularly adjusted to reflect the new set of circumstances. All updates should be informed by comprehensive conflict and security analysis, consultations with national and international counterparts, and internal mission and United Nations Country Team (UNCT) priorities. Changes in CVR programmes should also ensure that revised targets meet basic results-based practices, are aligned within budgetary constraints, and are informed by high-quality data collection and monitoring systems. While CVR shall be a short-to-medium-term measure, longer-range planning is essential to ensure linkages with broader security, rights-related, gender and development priorities. These future-looking priorities \u2013 together with potential and actual bridges to relevant UN and non-UN agencies \u2013 should be clearly articulated in the CVR strategy. CVR programme and project documents should highlight partnerships to facilitate sustainability. The longer-term potential of CVR should also be noted in the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent body as well as relevant international and national development frameworks. Preparing for the end of CVR early on \u2013 and including national government and international donor representatives in the planning process \u2013 is essential for a smooth and sustainable exit strategy. Strategically embedding CVR in national and subnational development frameworks may also generate positive effects. While CVR is not a development activity, integrating CVR into a UN Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) and/or national development strategy can provide stronger impetus for coordinated and adequately resourced activities. DDR practitioners should therefore be exposed to national, regional and municipal development strategies and priorities. At the subnational level, selected CVR projects should be strongly aligned with state, municipal and neighbourhood development priorities where possible. Representation of line ministries, secretaries and departments in relevant planning and coordination bodies is strongly encouraged. A number of different coordination mechanisms may guide CVR project selection, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Two possible mechanisms are highlighted below. However, if alternate representative institutions already exist (such as village development committees), then they could be harnessed (subject to the usual due diligence) and steps should be taken to ensure that they are representative of the broader society. Two commonly utilized CVR coordination mechanisms are: Project Selection Committees (PSCs): Community-based PSCs are established in selected areas, include a representative sample of stakeholders, and are responsible for selecting projects that are vetted by the PAC/PRC (see below). All project selection shall comply with gender quotas of a minimum of 30% of projects benefitting women, and women\u2019s involvement in 30% of leadership and management positions. A Project Approval/Review Committee (PAC/PRC): A PAC/PRC sets the overall strategic direction for CVR and vets and approves projects selected by PSCs. The PAC/PRC should exhibit a high degree of clarity on its roles and functions. Such entities meet on a semi-regular basis, usually after a certain number of CVR projects have been presented (a minimum of a week in advance) to PAC/PRC members for consideration. The PAC/PRC may request changes to project proposals or ask for additional information to be provided. The PAC/PRC shall ensure all proposals comply with gender quotas. When the two aforementioned coordination mechanisms exist, individual CVR projects will typically be developed by the PSC, reviewed by the PAC/PRC, and then sent back to the PSC for revision and sign-off. PSCs should also proactively ensure alignment between project activities and (actual or planned) regional and municipal plans and priorities. While a short-to-medium-term focus is paramount, CVR projects that directly and indirectly stimulate development dividends (alongside violence reduction) should be favourably considered. PSCs (or equivalent bodies) may conduct a number of different tasks: identifying prospective partners, developing projects, communicating tender processes, vetting project submissions, monitoring beneficiary performance and quality controls, and trouble-shooting problems as and when they arise. PSCs are typically composed of local community members and local leaders and should ensure representation of minority groups, women and youth. Subnational government, private-sector and civil society representatives may also be included, as may representatives of armed groups. PSCs should meet on a regular prescribed basis and serve as the primary interlocutor with the UN mission (mission settings) or UNCT (non-mission settings), and where relevant (such as in refugee settings) the Humanitarian Country Team (HCT). Representatives of DDR/CVR sections (in mission settings) and of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), should, where practical and appropriate, participate in the PSC. PAC/PRCs (or equivalent bodies) are often responsible for reviewing and approving CVR project submissions, and for asking for changes/further information from the PSC when necessary. PAC/PRCs may be composed of senior representatives from the DSRSG (in mission settings) or senior representatives of the UNCT (in non-mission settings), alongside government officials and other representatives from relevant UN entities. These two aforementioned coordination entities are intended to properly vet project partners and ensure a high degree of quality control in project execution. In all cases, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) shall be developed to help clarify overall goals, structure and approaches for CVR, particularly the nature of PAC/PRCs, PSCs, target groups and criteria for projects. These SOPs shall be regularly adapted and updated in line with realities on the ground and the priorities of the mission or the UNCT in non-mission settings. TABLE 4. CVR PROJECT SELECTION AND APPROVAL PROCESSES", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "23bc9686-af6c-4758-9a05-408801b4f80b", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 18, - "Paragraph": "6.2 CVR in Mission and Non-Mission Settings If the priority is for rapid delivery or if local government and non-government capacities are weak, then agreed-upon CVR responses should be administered directly by the UN. However, the UN may also work indirectly, by supporting local partners.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "945e9105-371c-4948-af9a-7e47d6f476ad", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "In mission settings, CVR may be explicitly mandated by a UN Security Council and/or General Assembly resolution. CVR will therefore be funded through the allocation of assessed contributions. The UNSC and UNGA directives for CVR are often general, with specific programming details to be worked out by relevant UN entities in partnership with the host government. In mission settings, the DDR/CVR section should align CVR strategic goals and activities with the mandate of the National DDR Commission (if one exists) or an equivalent government-designated body. The National DDR Commission, which typically includes representatives of the executive, the armed forces, police, and relevant line ministries and departments, should be solicited to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. In cases where government capacity and volition exist, the National DDR Commission may manage and resource CVR by setting targets, managing tendering of local partners and administering financial oversight with donor partners. In such cases, the UN mission shall play a supportive role. Where CVR is administered directly by the UN in the context of a peace support operation or political mission, the DDR/CVR section shall be responsible for the design, development, coordination and oversight of CVR, in conjunction with senior representatives of the mission. DDR practitioners shall be in regular contact with representatives of the UNCT as well as international and national partners to ensure alignment of programming goals, and to leverage the strengths and capacities of relevant UN agencies and avoid duplication. Community outreach and engagement shall be pursued and nurtured at the national, regional, municipal and neighbourhood scale. The DDR/CVR section should typically include senior and mid-level DDR officers. Depending on the budget allocated to CVR, personnel may range from the director and deputy director level to field staff and volunteer officers. A dedicated DDR/CVR team should include a selection of international and national staff forming a unit at headquarters (HQ) as well as small implementation teams at the forward operating base (FOB) level. It is important that DDR practitioners are directly involved in DDR strategy development and decision-making at the HQ. Likewise, regular communication between DDR field personnel is crucial to share experiences, identify best practices, and understand wider political and economic dynamics. The UN DSRSG shall establish a DDR/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities. The DDR/CVR section, and particularly its field offices, could create a PSC and PAC/PRC. In this event, the PAC/PRC (or equivalent body) should liaise with UNCT partners to align stability priorities with wider development concerns. It may be appropriate to add an additional support mechanism to oversee and support project partners. This additional support mechanism could be made up of members of the DDR/CVR section who could conduct a variety of tasks, including but not limited to support to the development of project proposals, support to the finalization of project submissions and the identification of possible implementing partners able to work in hotspot sites. Whichever approach is adopted, the DDR/CVR section should ensure transparent and predictable coordination with national institutions and within the mission or UNCT. Where appropriate, DDR/CVR sections may provide supplementary training for implementing partners in selected programming areas. The success or failure of CVR depends in large part on the quality of the partners and partnerships, so it is critical that they are properly vetted.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "bb7bf03e-ecd3-43a5-b389-7def0f0d121a", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 19, - "Paragraph": "6.2.2 Non-Mission Settings In non-mission settings, the UNCT will generally undertake joint assessments in response to an official request from the host government, regional bodies and/or the UN Resident Coordinator (RC). These official requests will typically ask for assistance to address particular issues. If the issue concerns armed groups and their active and former members, CVR as a DDR-related tool may be an appropriate response. However, it is important to note that in non-mission settings, there may already be instances where community-based programming at local levels is used, but not as a DDR-related tool. These latter types of responses are anchored under Agenda 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF), and have links to much broader issues of rule of law, community security, crime reduction, armed violence reduction and small arms control. If there is no link to active or former members of armed groups, then these types of activities typically fall outside the scope of a DDR process (see IDDRS 2.10 on The UN Approach to DDR). In non-mission settings where there has been agreement that CVR as a DDR-related tool is the most appropriate response to the presence of armed groups, the UN RC shall establish a DDR/CVR working group or an equivalent body. The working group should be co-chaired by lead agencies, with due consideration for gender equality, youth and child protection, and support to persons with disabilities. In non-mission settings there may not always be a National DDR Commission to provide direct inputs into CVR planning and programming. However, alternative interlocutors should be sought \u2013 including relevant line ministries and departments \u2013 in order to ensure that the broad strategic direction of the CVR programme is aligned with relevant national and regional stabilization objectives.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "afb33f01-dc6d-463e-a753-417e12d215d3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 20, - "Paragraph": "6.3 Assessments In both mission and non-mission contexts, CVR programmes shall be preceded by regularly updated assessments, including but not limited to: A security and consequence assessment accounting for the costs and benefits of conducting selected activities (and the risks of not conducting them). A comprehensive and gender-responsive baseline assessment of local violence dynamics. This assessment should take note of factors that may contribute to violence (e.g., harmful use of alcohol and drugs) as well as the impact that violence can have on mental health and well-being (e.g., acute stress, grief, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). It should also explicitly unpack the threats to security for men, women, boys and girls, and analyse the root causes of violence and insecurity, including their gender dimensions. Conflict context analysis. A detailed stakeholder mapping and a diagnostic of the capacities, interests and cohesiveness of communities and national institutions. An assessment of local market conditions. The dynamics of eligible and non-eligible armed groups \u2013 their leadership, internal dynamics, command and control, linkages with elites and external support. Importantly, the privileging of some geographic areas for CVR over others may result in disputes that should be anticipated and accounted for in conflict assessments. While information supplied by security and intelligence units is essential, there is no substitute for grounded diagnostics and mapping by UN field offices, implementing partners and third-party researchers. Assessments can be cross-sectional or ongoing, and should be conducted by national or international experts in partnership with UNCT. Assessments should identify prospective beneficiary groups; assess government, private and civil society capacities; and review the causes and consequences of organized and interpersonal violence. These assessments are critical for the design of project proposals, setting appropriate benchmarks, and monitoring and evaluation.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "512ed569-436a-44e1-aa19-5bfc6513fb91", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 21, - "Paragraph": "6.4 Target groups and locations The selection of CVR target groups and intervention sites is a political decision that should be taken on the basis of assessments (see section 6.3), and in consultation with national and/or local government authorities. The identification of target groups and locations for CVR should also be informed through: The priorities of the host government and, if in a mission context, the mandate of the mission; and Consultations with UN senior management. DDR practitioners can, where appropriate, adopt broad categories for target groups that can be applied nationally. In some cases, the selection of target groups is made pragmatically based on a list prepared by a PSC (or equivalent body) and/or implementing partners. Prospective participants should be vetted locally according to pre-set eligibility criteria. For example, these eligibility criteria may require former affiliation to specific armed groups and/or possession of modern or artisanal weapons (see section 4.2). Clear criteria for who is included and excluded from CVR programmes should be carefully communicated in order to avoid unnecessarily inflating expectations and generating tension. One means of doing this is to prepare a glossary with specific selection criteria that can be shared with implementing partners and PSCs. In all cases, DDR practitioners shall ensure that women and girls are adequately represented in the identification of priorities and implementation strategies, by making sure that: Assessments include separate focus group discussions for women, led by female facilitators. Women\u2019s groups are engaged in the consultative process and as implementing partners. The PAC/PRC (or equivalent entity) is 30% female. A minimum of 30% of CVR projects within the broader CVR programme directly benefit women\u2019s safety and security issues. The entire CVR programme integrates and leverages opportunities for women\u2019s leadership and gender equality. Staffing of CVR projects includes female employees. Additional target groups, assessed as having the potential to either amplify or undermine broader security and stability efforts in general, or DDR in particular, may be identified on a case-by-case basis. For example, CVR may be expanded to include newly displaced populations \u2013 refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) \u2013 that are at risk of mobilization into armed groups or that may unintentionally generate flashpoints for community violence. There may also be possibilities to extend CVR programmes to particular geographic areas and population groups susceptible to outbreaks of violence and/or experiencing concentrated disadvantage. The flexibility to adapt CVR to target groups that may disrupt and impede the DDR process is critical.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "eadda1f3-533c-4994-844d-b9675d3460cd", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 21, - "Paragraph": "6.5 Types of projects There is tremendous heterogeneity in the types of CVR projects that are implemented as part of CVR programmes, both within and between countries. However, there are also commonalities. All CVR programmes generate interactions with state authorities and/or stimulate inter- and intra-community dialogue. These communication exchanges not only help to ensure better identification of the types of CVR projects to support, but they can also contribute to the more effective design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of CVR. DDR/CVR partners should be aware that some prospective implementing partners shall require support in preparing project proposals. Appropriate support mechanisms should be introduced in advance to offer support in relation to proposal writing and reporting processes so as to avoid major delays. A wide array of technical sectors are included in CVR interventions. These include commercial-based projects (e.g., grocery retail, bakeries, tailors, mechanics, salons, agricultural production, livestock and animal husbandry activities), social projects (e.g. the construction and maintenance of youth centres, civic education, community reconciliation), infrastructure initiatives (e.g., the construction of roads, bridges, clinics, schools and other labour-based activities involving training, apprenticeship and paid work for ex-combatants and at-risk groups), security and corrections measures (e.g., community-oriented policing, lighting systems, prevention of gender-based violence and corporal punishment), and weapons and ammunition management activities (e.g., collection, storage, management and destruction). Table 5 below provides a summary of possible CVR projects. TABLE 5. GENERIC TYPOLOGY OF CVR PROJECTS \t * In mission contexts, these activities should take place in close coordination with mission components and specialized UN agencies, funds and programmes. The selection of CVR projects shall be informed by political, climatic and demographic factors as well as the merits of individual project proposals. PSCs and PAC/PRCs (or equivalent entities) may prioritize CVR projects according to the stage of the peace process (e.g., contingent on the short-term emergency to medium-term recovery needs), geographic location (e.g., water wells and animal husbandry in dry climates and information and communications technology (ICT) training and business apprenticeships in urban settings) and social and identity-related dynamics (e.g., projects tailored to specific religious or ethnic groups). The sequencing and timing of financial support for CVR projects should not be arbitrary, but should account for the specific types of projects approved. For example, financing for agricultural projects may require more rapid disbursement (in line with seasonal imperatives) than other initiatives. It is also critical that implementing partners are equipped with the appropriate technical capacities to meet project timelines \u2013 the lack of engineering support, for example, can generate delays and hinder maintenance. DDR practitioners should prioritize project development and financing accordingly. Precisely because CVR is short-to-medium-term, selected projects should also include a basic sustainability plan, including realistic commitments for monitoring and evaluation and details on when and how CVR activities will be handed over in full to the national government (see IDDRS 3.50 on Monitoring and Evaluation). Clear provisions for these activities should be included (and resources appropriately allocated) in final contracts. Implementing partner contracts should include clauses that specify the maintenance and management of specific assets, together with direction on how the initiative will be sustained after funding comes to an end. Likewise, contracts should specify the requirement to collect minimum qualitative and quantitative information on CVR project outcomes and impacts. Where implementing partners lack such capacities or where supplementary training may not be sufficient, DDR practitioners should explore opportunities to facilitate such activities with third parties.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "ec672c11-48bf-4534-88d7-d9b86c7d8ac9", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "6.6 Partnerships and implementation CVR programmes should adopt a graduated approach to implementation. In many cases, it is advisable to start CVR initiatives with an experimental pilot phase of 6\u20138 months. Pilot projects are useful to assess local capacities, identify prospective partners and test out community receptivity. An incremental approach may help DDR practitioners sharpen their overall objectives and theories of change, while gradually building up strategic partnerships across government, host communities and international agencies that are essential for longer-term success. There are potentially strong demonstration effects from successful projects, and these should be advertised where possible. Delays in CVR implementation \u2013 particularly in relation to project selection and project disbursements \u2013 may undermine the credibility of the intervention and generate risks for personnel. Bottlenecks are routine, yet in many cases avoidable. DDR practitioners, implementing partners and PSCs (or equivalent entities) shall set realistic timelines, manage expectations and ensure regular communication with project beneficiaries. DDR practitioners may also elect to introduce administrative procedures to speed up decision-making on project selection, reduce the number of tranches for projects and prioritize initiatives that are subject to seasonal effects (e.g., planting, harvest, transhumance, insect-born disease), climatic factors (e.g., rainfall, flooding and droughts), and calendar years (e.g., schooling and holidays). CVR projects should ensure a high degree of oversight and support to beneficiaries. Effective CVR is often a function of the quality of field personnel \u2013 including implementing partners \u2013 and their ability to apply a high degree of emotional intelligence. Experienced DDR practitioners should have a demonstrated ability to engage with complex social and cultural norms and their intersecting gender dynamics in order to build trust with beneficiaries and affected communities. This engagement frequently requires a minimum competence in the local language(s) together with a developed capacity to empathize and communicate. DDR field practitioners should have the discretion and autonomy to craft inter-agency partnerships, rapidly solve problems in volatile settings, and innovate in moments of crisis. CVR shall involve an array implementing partners and a variety of coordinating mechanisms. The nature of these partnerships and coordination mechanisms shall depend on the national and local context, the extent of capacities on the ground and the resources available. CVR coordination and partnerships should be devolved as much as possible to the local level, and bureaucratic and administrative procedures should be kept to an acceptable minimum. Decisions on the particular form and content of partnerships and coordination will be informed by the CVR mandate; the peace agreement (if one has been signed); government, donor, and mission and UNCT capacities; and local dynamics on the ground. Partners and coordinating mechanisms may change over time.", - "Can": false, - "May": true, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "3eec2d73-b3ec-4d39-a6fe-90f0e7aa666e", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 24, - "Paragraph": "6.7 Timeframes and budgeting There is no fixed or standard timeframe for CVR. The length of CVR projects varies according to the nature of the context, including the funding source \u2013 whether an assessed budget, a dedicated trust fund, a voluntary contribution or some combination of these options. Specific CVR projects in mission contexts will be no more than one year, whereas this timeframe may be longer in non-mission contexts, particularly when it forms a single programme with reintegration support. Setting a temporal threshold is important to set expectations and to avoid an indefinite continuation of CVR projects. DDR practitioners should also set aside adequate time to undertake due diligence of partners, organize partnership modalities, transfer grants, monitor and evaluate interventions, and communicate results. There are economies of scale that are associated with CVR. Specifically, there are advantages in investing in larger CVR projects with wider caseloads from capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX) perspectives. Specifically, the initial CAPEX in CVR \u2013 in personnel, transportation, logistics and large project outlays \u2013 can be high. This is because many CVR interventions are frequently pursued in challenging environments: large public works projects often require complex engineering support. The marginal OPEX implications of adding additional beneficiaries is comparatively low. CVR may at times be more cost-effective as the size of the caseload grows. There are risks, of course, in that CVR programmes may introduce biases by favouring projects and locations with larger prospective caseloads. In some cases, it may be preferable to explore mobile CVR teams for modest-sized target groups in hard-to-reach areas.", - "Can": true, - "May": true, - "Shall": false, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "fa46aff3-3e87-4943-8360-c19edd0e7d69", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": 25, - "Paragraph": "6.8 Communication DDR practitioners should design a robust communications and sensitization plan to reach prospective and actual beneficiaries. The plan should be informed by the baseline assessment (see section 6.3) and by an assessment of how people take up information and what outlets and means are considered most legitimate. These assessments should be adjusted as conditions change on the ground. Outreach can be facilitated by UN representatives, implementing partners, PSCs (or equivalent entities) and project beneficiaries themselves. Public information and sensitization campaigns shall explain CVR objectives, project selection criteria and the timelines involved. The goal is to strengthen the self-selection of prospective participants while also shaping the expectations of individuals and communities. All communications, education and outreach campaigns and activities should be gender-responsive so as to reach women and girls and men and boys. Communications should also be gender-transformative and inclusive. This entails having a balance of voices and visual representations of men, women, boys, girls, minorities and other vulnerable groups, and their active involvement in leadership and implementation of outreach and education activities. The communications plan for a CVR programme should have clearly identified objectives, core stakeholder groups and expected results. Such plans can be delivered through television, radio, print outlets, social media, direct SMS outreach and other platforms. Ensuring a minimum level of transparency in CVR measures is critical in order to manage stakeholder expectations, be they government counterparts, international and national partners, or beneficiaries. CVR communications activities in mission and non-mission settings should be aligned to wider UN security, stability and development priorities. The communications plan can be administered in mission and country office settings through, where appropriate, a public sensitization and outreach (PSO) unit or equivalent body. All plans shall be clear about the intended primary and intermediate audiences, the languages being used, the underlying behavioural shifts that are expected (theory of change), the particular approaches to addressing the needs of women and girls as well as the protection of children, the most appropriate methods and modes for delivering sensitization material, the training measures for staff and communicators, and the expected indicators to track outputs and outcomes. Communications strategies should support positive gender norms and the positive roles played by men and women.", - "Can": true, - "May": false, - "Shall": true, - "Should": true, - "Must": false - }, - { - "ID": "b878c07c-ee5d-4079-954f-86ac807deaf3", - "Color": "#008DCA", - "Level": "2", - "LevelName": "", - "Title": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "Heading1": "", - "Heading2": "", - "Heading3": "", - "Heading4": "", - "Module": "IDDRS 2.30 Community Violence Reduction_validated copy-edit clean_19 Nov 2019", - "PageNum": null, - "Paragraph": "Annex A: Abbreviations CAPEX\t\tcapital expenditure CPA\t\tComprehensive Peace Agreement CVR\t\tcommunity violence reduction FOB\t\tforward operating base HCT\t\tHumanitarian Country Team HQ\t\theadquarters OPEX\t\toperational expenditure PAC/PRC\tProject Approval/Review Committee PSC\t\tProject Selection Committee SDG\t\tSustainable Development Goal SGBV\t\tsexual and gender-based violence UNCT\t\tUnited Nations Country Team UN DSRSG\tUnited Nations Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General UN RC\t\tUnited Nations Resident Coordinator UNSDCF\tUnited Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework WAM\t\tweapons and ammunition management", - "Can": false, - "May": false, - "Shall": false, - "Should": false, - "Must": false - } -] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.11 Integrated Assessments_validated clean_17 Jun 2022.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.11 Integrated Assessments_validated clean_17 Jun 2022.json index 6e43a76..f59b53c 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.11 Integrated Assessments_validated clean_17 Jun 2022.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.11 Integrated Assessments_validated clean_17 Jun 2022.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "a4613b72-9df4-4f3d-8799-470cc1961e25", + "ID": "3792d87b-88ac-47b5-a73d-cfb826e1f574", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d89b3b05-ccd7-4ea8-95eb-765c4cba6b5a", + "ID": "2350dff8-a5fe-4c5a-9def-0fe9ebe66166", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "54df1f14-d3c9-4aa2-ba25-c87090aae82b", + "ID": "343b483b-e0e2-406e-9706-0da9fc477248", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b56947e8-607c-43ab-9151-aa0544c4f920", + "ID": "f74776aa-eee4-46e3-ab2f-6acfe5b379b3", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "abc65064-2cf0-4c68-8103-86c7e333b597", + "ID": "63e45385-98ef-4985-a473-423341b3d020", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "ca62208b-4b29-4429-80d4-6dd91cdd6310", + "ID": "557361e3-ddad-4eef-a3a4-368d6e3260f9", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "05714504-894a-4ea2-95ef-8990f0892fa8", + "ID": "a97a6ede-a17a-4862-a1e4-1d5843a3e1c1", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c0fd02e7-acd8-449b-bb84-f51e847cccf0", + "ID": "05778a9e-799a-4ba0-9852-588aae8b9a0e", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.41 DDR Budgeting and Financing_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.41 DDR Budgeting and Financing_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json index 537a0bf..94607c9 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.41 DDR Budgeting and Financing_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.41 DDR Budgeting and Financing_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "08b46cf9-00bb-419e-8b46-04ceeee7b7ea", + "ID": "2fdfcb47-deee-4f41-96be-1d58fd8d2c3f", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cd51b96f-c370-4299-890d-65486d8b684e", + "ID": "ffe3bff1-b971-437a-90c5-bc66d9aad096", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "915fed7f-f942-4ae3-855d-62316fcb9178", + "ID": "96e459f0-e88c-4742-8226-764b44ec34d2", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7535fd09-6271-4bd6-9e71-46f0874ddbf1", + "ID": "d62c58ae-bfa1-4506-a691-6762cbe5b138", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "93a6d724-412f-4615-9dad-a4fdfc41bb1d", + "ID": "73bd6fca-389c-412f-9f8a-6c8fe29f1fd3", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "96643dc6-f73c-4711-8b3e-03bb0b26da03", + "ID": "122b898e-78f2-43c3-ad47-131dad635a12", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e2fe46c9-5a66-4b9e-93f1-c0b67d68f668", + "ID": "2e5c0b89-4f30-4942-8146-5757304dffee", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "5c4e67dc-dba0-4eee-9a02-f17c7db1f013", + "ID": "b77eb8c0-804f-48b3-8216-9c6bbfb58a0d", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d6deeb8e-b376-434d-8338-26be001e9d6b", + "ID": "655a60a6-431b-4eb0-98d6-96e007e37813", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0cfa95fa-91d9-49ec-a360-14d694f316a4", + "ID": "57aeb0f3-bf1b-44e3-b282-f00b9d5d2f43", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "50dcbbb5-2081-4ab4-9d1a-ee4bbe1f35b9", + "ID": "349477f4-d9b8-41ce-b7c7-8a7d9161cc62", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6436a510-ccdb-4004-a26e-89e21f7d0797", + "ID": "5d0a87b1-9a6c-4fde-ae63-e1ec3151d149", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf579ab7-73ed-4fb0-9970-08cb5730305a", + "ID": "a87abb6c-1a77-40e3-8f92-6049b88a679a", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4715cb8a-bdd4-4a9d-bf04-ea268627e860", + "ID": "c8ae43d3-6b1f-4a87-8a1a-df41811adc5f", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "85f87c9a-9f46-46d1-bd4f-4d075b029b33", + "ID": "da0ab391-5b4d-49ef-8105-0bc9592a7916", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3d53cec1-5899-4da6-a10b-7f3168f9d8da", + "ID": "218d2d29-263a-4053-ac52-1131590013fb", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dd8a51b8-1f48-4126-8128-dc778b092c63", + "ID": "cb963e47-e847-4e02-8b73-2c20751a3006", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "05709a54-9c09-44e0-883e-a8bb8b6c2a94", + "ID": "9b66ac16-6158-4924-a28c-bc5ad7d9a489", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7aa03a62-a06e-46f6-b0a3-44ed275b8bf0", + "ID": "e1d085bd-1874-40aa-ad08-3895d447ed9c", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f7e3c03a-cbd1-476e-a45a-6410feea536b", + "ID": "1bc9fa84-3a8e-44f5-be98-b8a98cd953d4", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "65d8cb10-1164-47f3-98c0-fe325eda16c6", + "ID": "92d2b125-e33c-4c2b-bca2-31c30c2ff8cf", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e8e6ea75-2495-4639-839c-b640bcbb4019", + "ID": "46977892-1b41-400e-ad20-403f6a3aa353", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0f7f0c8b-8f42-4125-a9ea-9618033a782b", + "ID": "ce5f49a6-4230-4d18-b2ae-1e1fa2937c08", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "672ecb9a-a481-4533-a4b4-86602a7b3ced", + "ID": "a66fc686-56cd-4b37-bf66-e56cd88af6db", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c1706aec-a139-4473-8f7f-6efb550738a9", + "ID": "ab02029a-78af-4499-8ef0-da2ce9b26167", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4d5de729-456f-4da0-9e83-a53789e28acf", + "ID": "47d4fe0e-8fa1-4fb9-9f6e-890768dbcfe5", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4b0684c0-40fa-4049-b114-12ebf09090a7", + "ID": "d8292b18-869d-4286-94b7-fa0b0f5bc562", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6d5f1f99-b0d3-4176-9bfa-e14ece718ef5", + "ID": "950e8ece-c251-4b8b-93cd-f9d60b104121", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d2becd1c-4d4d-4459-b020-5a93fa2f4b16", + "ID": "64cc3cd1-87ce-4e9b-9885-edaad74c83ff", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dedfcda4-bffe-44c6-8e74-6845284634d8", + "ID": "b9946957-4e0d-498d-98ba-b8ad9b503fed", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c064240d-ba9f-4f1e-8387-5e8d6ee640d8", + "ID": "854bcb27-4fd3-47fc-a9b7-890cf92dd571", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e65b8f1c-e3b6-4b99-8798-615e8331db84", + "ID": "23ba6f7e-4a1d-42e1-9829-c371b9ea1319", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.50 Monitoring and Evaluation_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.50 Monitoring and Evaluation_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json index 4d432ba..6a99f74 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.50 Monitoring and Evaluation_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.50 Monitoring and Evaluation_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "84faff7a-d457-491c-99e2-cde6fb1435f9", + "ID": "79038cfa-2cd2-4f69-8d4a-da15f9e7a447", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "df199277-53f5-488c-abfb-6366e4b365c5", + "ID": "c7b06091-f524-4a30-96a6-d429ab2aa68b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "398cf6a0-ab71-4419-b2a2-9f6861d9fee3", + "ID": "d1859a8d-4d09-46b3-baa9-ae8de5b1766b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7190d03b-f41d-4189-b244-1e338066d519", + "ID": "296995d9-fdb5-4882-9961-3aa049139542", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4e96ed0f-4896-4c90-85fe-a403e88fdced", + "ID": "d5aabb81-bda4-415a-8653-e4eea06cab0b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "5c59255c-8fec-4878-94bd-9d0077c70c3c", + "ID": "2de2a2fa-6b77-4ff4-abf5-124b8634cb55", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0db0f990-8a36-45c3-8889-b085b4d5b8c6", + "ID": "51c790ba-f389-4369-8d67-0baa1eacc9f7", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8316669a-4675-4a4e-b841-41d522f63f9d", + "ID": "67d6b3b1-2c48-4456-abd2-20822df6b6ce", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7d1df38a-5649-4b01-a232-094da06ff728", + "ID": "4110ba20-f746-4ada-8fbb-afcbd5ae0b8a", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b0553f9f-1a50-4af0-823d-0440d557aeb1", + "ID": "c9788ef2-da09-4cb1-87c2-f02cad8ac2ef", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "44decfa5-3c58-4a62-a3e1-ac2ae339afad", + "ID": "01fedc30-aace-4764-ae67-c876320572d4", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fa9284e0-8586-48ed-848a-9efc7bdfc296", + "ID": "d71919ea-2bbf-4885-8e3c-cb76107d64ca", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "462ea340-e1f1-4393-a21c-5af5d654e577", + "ID": "f1ead07e-9ca8-40a8-bde8-b57637cfe4f2", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c8c91be0-cd57-44ab-bd18-f534fbafadf1", + "ID": "e33e3024-9b4b-4640-8b7b-291a3f25271b", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8a767bcf-54ad-4567-8456-cdc3254c9c6f", + "ID": "9e2edc35-420b-4182-a039-d544f75506bf", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3ad5ddf5-7001-422c-b1fa-f1b7d105688b", + "ID": "c730e311-2220-4fcd-b662-1cd89cf23a59", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9d5a05fc-d9b3-4e1b-a0ac-1a7902a6b349", + "ID": "ca621c50-f57a-48e1-862f-755bd4627c4a", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c2538536-0667-46fd-ae10-98ad3d41efb5", + "ID": "56e32dd9-1334-4ea4-9fdd-dc9bdb3eb400", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0a8482e1-feb1-4850-9c01-9fb18bcac152", + "ID": "823e1c2b-a26a-4277-b384-2778ed5cd4f0", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "75582f9d-7f5e-4daa-bfd0-1c3c1126e714", + "ID": "e443ba35-be91-4cfb-abf8-cae11935e882", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cae65cee-c591-4dd1-ba74-a522255c8c72", + "ID": "8aeea063-378a-4b46-923c-822dd4e69d3e", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "307aec90-191c-4916-b7c6-ad15a4af163e", + "ID": "72d1d504-5fb2-4e44-ba38-703074290930", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b0f488fa-61d5-45fd-8501-0adc925e2b77", + "ID": "79ba9a61-0939-4315-9eca-e7a8cc928df5", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f524f08b-175f-4a5e-8bf6-1187ebe83841", + "ID": "e1f090e9-f559-4fd2-bafc-d23522d50514", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ac762176-3873-402b-803b-75823cdb49e8", + "ID": "3c48e679-e430-48d9-b554-7314996ea01c", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a4b46403-cf17-4f44-88c3-e1425d05de8f", + "ID": "f2bf699a-877b-4b1d-a16d-5797dfd3d557", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dd385dfd-0921-4362-b87a-d90af038270a", + "ID": "28070004-106f-42ae-a1d3-5e614a622162", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d71c6912-b403-478a-9d0c-b3d9034d4bfb", + "ID": "dd2a48b2-3937-46c9-a335-0441ffc20c94", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ea233d33-80dc-44d2-b69a-78ca1c83652d", + "ID": "ad100177-9dde-4233-ba57-1a8ca58ebb34", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2a2a55ee-ad6a-4519-8e69-3128df7d9dcb", + "ID": "27bcb9ba-8fc2-4268-ac38-4649450d4d3d", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9d1fc1ca-2eda-492a-b64a-ae2a7bf32812", + "ID": "c2cb1d2f-99aa-4992-817d-e1da11543abd", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3ef7d4bc-2a4e-4a09-bd04-d52ab73fa785", + "ID": "b903e98e-fa5e-45da-b3fa-02fd227a3905", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e47fd5c7-0309-4f6a-afc6-3c15d07b9e78", + "ID": "92333268-9e4e-42bc-83b9-7636aef56bb7", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "10c146e2-b6c4-44e9-ac4b-e09a4baecf32", + "ID": "2b65019f-aaa4-444f-bbb3-97f727c7bb3d", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b5d565c4-8dee-43e4-aff7-45bff1741dd7", + "ID": "fa7abcb2-f79b-4268-a14c-fc7dfa086fc0", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a74e877f-fcad-4ee4-8b7f-05f2cd7d953a", + "ID": "d0ec47b8-bfcc-4e45-8e14-d0b5c7f29314", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "feccd8cc-3b17-4843-b81e-243f66b47a13", + "ID": "b272143c-2830-4eed-940d-257dd696c3ce", "Color": "#00A554", "Level": "3", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.10 Disarmament_validated copy-edit clean_16 Jun 2020.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.10 Disarmament_validated copy-edit clean_16 Jun 2020.json index 5909cae..5e00632 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.10 Disarmament_validated copy-edit clean_16 Jun 2020.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.10 Disarmament_validated copy-edit clean_16 Jun 2020.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "17d385dc-9f1d-42fe-b0a7-505096cb661e", + "ID": "8e2e6e2c-84e2-4c71-a3c9-490914498db6", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "3f993b01-4796-4a75-8d86-11172a6bff1e", + "ID": "5c701de3-76ac-4789-8423-fdacef671a2e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "600bdd38-d24b-4682-9d55-416ee411b36c", + "ID": "ef3354e6-0664-4796-b048-2834556494b6", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d72f2ac5-0077-439e-ab44-a98b994000f4", + "ID": "51bf7659-a7aa-41e6-82b6-76c8a0fd8b3e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8512f525-6f88-4acd-bf88-281dc94ef599", + "ID": "ff1456d2-bcff-43d8-88ae-0f08572793e1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "269cc089-5dd9-4edf-9c24-0a5ca58eb534", + "ID": "15e0703c-e3a5-4051-96f6-dbb57fb34879", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7f4a4fce-24f7-417b-8af3-04c2901f152c", + "ID": "43c0bf95-82ff-40ff-ab68-74bf085dac1b", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "e2742012-7c82-4026-b267-4ae2a1734e26", + "ID": "e070d64a-00ca-4be6-9adc-950ae11e71cc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "367f084d-242c-421f-9208-b6494b137c26", + "ID": "de8efc5f-9035-4232-87a0-57b724103a7f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2bfbe72d-1b03-4486-8331-a76b10af0138", + "ID": "ea62ff16-fd8d-4854-9a60-d2f679854fe4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "863b5e88-33a7-4337-99e0-3a794be7233e", + "ID": "411f5510-b59a-4390-a05c-f543068d3843", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3a9c42c2-daff-4e21-b42d-669c8334eec0", + "ID": "b0a89c9f-8a2c-49ee-8762-015349bdc4ba", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8f1e8da6-4448-4d7b-a3a8-d316c91fd565", + "ID": "183a6b5d-e187-4bb3-9d5f-7ad54e578378", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "df78be00-cdd0-40b0-bcf6-bffae2e8e7d1", + "ID": "91f991aa-9248-4967-ba26-31796aed4b9f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "403df868-67ea-4ad9-9d6a-9835be852b91", + "ID": "3fea8b14-6969-4bf9-b4e6-9d15ec31df2c", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4b82ca33-35fe-44cb-8e73-f8a71a4576cb", + "ID": "b8ebe262-7e2e-4c28-8702-bf421d584cd4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "50fd50f5-e5d4-41b4-8c03-7e6481eb7f55", + "ID": "599c0b32-3db5-48e3-a1f1-32c025cd3616", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c4a67ea0-ae03-4d6c-88e2-e4b26a7af27d", + "ID": "38cc6918-b9c3-433a-8a27-9c07e02deac4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a1534daa-bfa7-4197-b8be-487327d9f0ce", + "ID": "e4ce10c3-b764-4303-b2b6-1660057610dc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8e0301f2-c052-4660-af1b-ed2092ca3ba1", + "ID": "60947fdc-01ef-408a-a5f1-3c06f4e413f7", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "45f63efe-522e-4e6c-840f-a48802b01bf1", + "ID": "401f0afe-5bc8-42ea-a594-275a4b640aef", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fa348611-0e51-4f25-9f37-4dd5f2befaff", + "ID": "cebb7051-8d64-4ab6-aff0-7acfad05964d", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c8b3647a-9068-458d-bdac-29e9d9c4a585", + "ID": "8cb6f11e-effa-4056-adc1-f11010f1e7a5", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c7175a6e-27c2-4612-964f-891f94a823ce", + "ID": "56e78eeb-39ee-48d6-a8a2-fc41f32c7550", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bf3b4d91-7180-4f09-b489-05d41c9a7d67", + "ID": "3a12366d-9f75-430c-8ced-010f348b7ad6", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5c584161-dfe4-4c31-a6c6-e74410bf5cbc", + "ID": "c8971dc8-2cbe-4f8d-9df6-163cbff77b5f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2b001723-0f91-4451-a3cd-5b27e5561003", + "ID": "308bf403-7958-4192-972d-bb33748765b4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0a658acd-9f90-45df-9d87-b7ff590c72ff", + "ID": "af0e226c-bff4-470d-9820-939773e8ce42", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9ccef630-cc8c-4e0a-8a6e-4b30e73d9be2", + "ID": "78d3590f-1d8a-415c-b201-d0873e490952", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "932987a7-5a06-444a-a05c-0b9a929cd94b", + "ID": "c69578db-66c7-4040-966b-8eecbcc3b396", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4886f25f-8428-4fbd-8279-6b7b13d1bdc2", + "ID": "20018301-b227-458d-8184-514b2a5b26f4", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f3396751-d6b2-4c40-a33c-49eed9c66eab", + "ID": "52183809-d118-4b0e-9173-895db619dfa8", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "17e04a5e-bca5-47d3-bdf7-69b8d3f92523", + "ID": "efe7b762-3036-43bd-a4e9-2ae2f0471d30", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "a80d0b2b-45ac-49b8-aa52-772750483f4a", + "ID": "38937412-b43a-406f-9706-eb027d1f12bc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2eaeb21c-ce58-47d9-be2e-fa7b0eeaa1db", + "ID": "79a4860b-85ac-46f0-84f8-bf64e6c8f64f", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d3ee845e-5278-48f8-99e0-095b314f41c6", + "ID": "2656a2a2-191d-4ffc-97ec-64f6f22295ef", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6efb1d41-f6e5-47ab-9c43-aac21328b000", + "ID": "295abe59-21a7-4d4c-be29-649f4b848886", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f6b95f47-53d6-48de-84d7-2ceed13d7bc9", + "ID": "034e4ff0-af92-493e-82d0-c22d0f2a2a2e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "52562106-e116-4028-8cc0-292e8632ca51", + "ID": "125cdc05-51d5-4727-872a-8d4f5f95f545", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "edb13fe5-e1eb-4b4c-94a4-7a10d0e8590b", + "ID": "3f33c063-1967-45b5-9e7b-f2d221287740", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2ad5a301-a2a4-4cf5-918a-289b6a74a0cd", + "ID": "50751a60-9736-4356-a73e-5d8c2d6d7d5a", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dda3531e-3a3a-4047-8419-c65c52ed6f2a", + "ID": "e6f23b9e-6d7c-49ef-b649-4d342cfe1d3c", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4cfc2833-c483-4ce9-9132-2afe82177dd6", + "ID": "709f49e7-4788-4126-b817-0ac81e21b86b", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3d9d0e8c-0ec4-4f10-b393-5cc4cd5e10ad", + "ID": "50e27784-3833-4f75-afb7-c5111c00125b", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "09f45e19-0e7e-47b5-abde-8f217e8fa85a", + "ID": "b555dd71-ccd3-411f-be11-36dee14fdfe2", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "34fb848d-489f-4b31-943a-bfa93dc09a61", + "ID": "6ea990f5-220d-43aa-ac44-01621fbd2192", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c98fadba-2de3-4985-a4e1-db0551106981", + "ID": "da0839e5-497d-42c7-898c-2ab1932a3854", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.30 Reintegration_validated copy-edit clean_26 Sep 2022.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.30 Reintegration_validated copy-edit clean_26 Sep 2022.json index 1388d6b..030b285 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.30 Reintegration_validated copy-edit clean_26 Sep 2022.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.30 Reintegration_validated copy-edit clean_26 Sep 2022.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "bd21ac71-bab3-4bd0-8901-0dd98efc7410", + "ID": "9e5211c6-ecee-470e-bb09-cae26df1d8f8", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.60 Public Info and Strategic Communication_validated copy-edit clean_24 Feb 2021.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.60 Public Info and Strategic Communication_validated copy-edit clean_24 Feb 2021.json index b45f071..6a37073 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.60 Public Info and Strategic Communication_validated copy-edit clean_24 Feb 2021.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.60 Public Info and Strategic Communication_validated copy-edit clean_24 Feb 2021.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "37ad3a6d-faaf-4453-88f6-254db77d629c", + "ID": "6e709520-3664-4f5a-9fbe-e8c8decf16ba", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5a1171ab-12eb-4397-af46-1b555e5ba3bd", + "ID": "6e5c4103-c23f-4f2c-bdd9-ee9e7ea7ae9e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cd46f117-4abb-4569-a807-aef57a4f670d", + "ID": "36c05bf4-73c3-4ea2-afc9-d5d138de5407", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "62dcda95-3cf2-48da-ac8a-ee3b21c9bb11", + "ID": "f6ebc616-148a-49f3-bf1a-f52e30283a50", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "233d14dd-76e3-4cf1-b2d8-021644b92d2d", + "ID": "82c96c7e-81e9-4c5e-a964-2b35b89ca09d", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "452db97f-a195-4229-aee2-4a1c7b3757d8", + "ID": "b1cd4177-8c7d-4eb5-874b-2b7a2cb4b35a", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fbdd01f5-2f45-4096-8165-f5ca431bbc92", + "ID": "12959678-d4ed-4571-b451-e0e0bd633d58", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "119593be-9f55-41c9-b95f-38607bc50bc7", + "ID": "6f0ac243-362b-49cf-a384-847797bfb9d1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a7fff097-a65f-483f-a24f-48572ecc2a4b", + "ID": "3ac29b52-9335-4d36-ba1b-b28640931667", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8e6b4a7a-3ca6-4311-9d30-435fc6ed95e6", + "ID": "ab78f7f9-aee6-428e-992e-096ec7e07a00", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "048e033e-cf32-4036-ab03-be2287e50ab6", + "ID": "6762e8e4-d702-41b5-be5b-73dfa4a1f067", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0c79c0d1-44f1-4e9e-8775-55669aec116a", + "ID": "bb640201-3e69-4e0f-9afc-4d232b11d609", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0668ac3f-a603-4c23-b709-db3919abf3d7", + "ID": "27517442-2b38-4343-81b5-f4e3d5ba8fe1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9f4f3588-a4c5-462d-a25e-f26ef1942fc3", + "ID": "0e2a4fcc-0bd2-4e98-9c74-9f42eec59002", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9aba57bd-3172-465a-bb53-37ae537f97f4", + "ID": "7b6a74d8-24f7-4388-acb2-d4be223cd49e", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "bbc06e99-bdf7-4776-8c5b-345774f54b00", + "ID": "b1ca7a24-ed39-4c7f-afa2-02dcaf88a6cc", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "521008d1-2ad5-4bcb-a8f9-4d9697d621e2", + "ID": "2076bdaa-9eb2-475d-87e3-300041875fd1", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "ff04151c-45a3-49fb-884c-9e9f7ea33c4f", + "ID": "9403e65d-80cf-4187-b28a-d20af7b45648", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0913febd-eaf0-4c70-9e26-284bd87519b5", + "ID": "a8ce81a0-7b16-431f-87bf-7cf830f8b006", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d92d9b4a-3082-43fa-ae42-6bb449bae71f", + "ID": "c62c2490-0c72-477b-981c-c37186858517", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cee5cfea-5ac7-4e97-b1b3-507af6b7b44f", + "ID": "196a0f2b-a241-493a-8382-65e4ef83fd17", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf40a1e4-cbb9-4ca7-9b93-4b55c3497a36", + "ID": "ad2238a3-a196-4f8f-937e-9ef510638075", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f8388d42-676e-4493-b724-f74850d9d385", + "ID": "b46a13ee-1e29-46c8-a6c2-7813c90caf31", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "e3588b98-4b08-45fd-a900-2d9b3cf58d1f", + "ID": "aa97f9e1-5493-4e25-b1d5-29083aec6702", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fbc83da9-cb8d-452d-900f-63256bc78dbb", + "ID": "bbe6ad31-d1a0-4e19-af25-82901e9952ee", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f11e5799-2cd1-4472-a33a-d3f7f7817c5e", + "ID": "477a1ff8-1a27-4464-a8a0-10a4d9080705", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "472a91cc-6679-4d47-9b8f-e8cf6b213d70", + "ID": "455645d4-8800-4bc2-9c90-455c8579a6ef", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ff29b917-2411-4080-bdf9-628d00948650", + "ID": "c7fd84e9-cf3d-4f9c-9036-90386a44a939", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1b8b2d38-3a59-4637-9701-23f9e4d17df7", + "ID": "b66c1e47-f4a2-4fba-95be-4f356a1e9162", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a5918c9f-177c-4422-9e55-2394dfc1ff68", + "ID": "0528bb9d-3817-49a4-8027-b8f16b09dde0", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cb2017a6-6c56-4c20-95e3-d6d76fd1cde2", + "ID": "064a202d-a11b-4a84-8a1f-28b6ab9f2770", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0fa4614e-8661-40e0-94b4-21549ba6b84d", + "ID": "5a4b9f69-a62b-4d09-9204-c0dc5ba83aca", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ae1faa32-b91e-4a4b-92ba-2caf3ef3cd94", + "ID": "8c37366e-5058-4092-871a-3105f26572da", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0bd6f182-2fb6-46d4-b1da-3aece8336624", + "ID": "b5f1162a-dd05-4d7a-81c4-00c433cf93cd", "Color": "#7366A3", "Level": "4", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR_validated copy-edited clean_9 Nov 2021.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR_validated copy-edited clean_9 Nov 2021.json index 4f4b175..76ee1ce 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR_validated copy-edited clean_9 Nov 2021.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR_validated copy-edited clean_9 Nov 2021.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "bea495c0-0e38-4a5f-a417-77835db10c42", + "ID": "b3b096d4-d4f4-4068-bcaf-2e72973f9f2e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2f8f5db5-09e5-4553-a120-41f4667fc4b7", + "ID": "98d6481f-0b50-428f-985b-aef2b51ea475", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6b210380-e6e1-44c2-b8af-f0394217f3ae", + "ID": "9cbae31e-ca86-46df-87cb-66b437ff2dcb", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "dd4fe561-7a09-4ffc-9cd4-34a2f6ade6a2", + "ID": "da056dc2-f112-4d98-933c-930c6f180836", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "67a525f3-6c32-4e4c-ab8d-0d5a0a1549dd", + "ID": "4d6b8d34-f136-4a9e-9996-861ad7ecf0d5", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "57378c5a-9646-418b-b46b-e49480064aed", + "ID": "f41dd15f-c310-4410-9c60-4c38b5c1664f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f7e2326c-e9fe-4b9e-97d9-c7384a5485e6", + "ID": "5f0c2c66-10c8-409d-b1dc-5fdcc28368f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "59df27e1-c065-4405-86a5-44fd7f3e1296", + "ID": "2e2ad41d-78bf-41cc-bfce-2cb66efbeec1", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "88cce7af-6082-4d9a-9b46-1574fab8f10d", + "ID": "6365d59e-ace4-41b9-93e0-b06d47cb8001", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "feb65ea5-e347-421b-8d37-acd770d6a0c8", + "ID": "5c1bf8c7-8d88-4cf8-861e-fcc5c08c6ff0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3b6083d3-65d4-4266-a3ce-6e7776aad121", + "ID": "cf0f19c2-54f1-4e6c-9b98-8b3ed71ab572", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d2a8aebc-221d-4119-ad0f-ca7c406200af", + "ID": "70b7244f-a061-401f-8408-21d5dc096cd7", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2920afab-86bc-44ab-832a-2d8bd95bbfc4", + "ID": "3d06c314-6058-4b3b-85db-ace3d6fcab81", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "90018428-9d82-489c-9731-eda742865c80", + "ID": "fcc9867f-af96-47c3-a25c-dc01fa1d84ff", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "29553d0e-235d-456f-8ff0-fa9407cbc760", + "ID": "f0e7e548-0347-45f8-9cb9-312d294f102f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d901dfe9-b4bd-4503-bfad-916dae3ba33c", + "ID": "764d729a-b547-4935-963c-eb8c99410e23", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5d5ec6c2-2ead-499e-917d-50bc0e51f8a8", + "ID": "61b5778a-ada7-4889-848e-8c72a88c4c21", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "aadad3dc-15f4-4bf0-93ab-1c0dac25ddbc", + "ID": "2eaa8aa0-24b5-44bb-b74d-aa7f258ca2be", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e6573ec0-6cde-4348-bb5a-49fd8f2ceb2a", + "ID": "cfb4360b-c97b-4adb-a4cd-9bf547856e4e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "572968eb-dd80-4b1d-8849-d88487ae7081", + "ID": "a68c6cc3-c822-4c7b-afff-203abbe3ef7e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c0a6e9cd-d9d2-48c4-829b-02fee158f644", + "ID": "b2c9d38d-1c8f-47b0-a13a-8ce19c9a4342", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0e011565-37fa-4e56-92e9-41556fe4794a", + "ID": "845dd50a-3991-4e14-b5ec-f69e31967141", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5e4a6ef1-a367-4d63-bfa0-d38f0a3122b7", + "ID": "ebc715d7-63d2-41c4-82a4-3c8b82f2505a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "46b0967a-76af-4777-812a-9cbd3948d4fd", + "ID": "6c9fc30c-0b4b-485a-8ec7-d9e590587bea", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2178bb09-57f0-414b-9780-8c2b2ff59668", + "ID": "e3857cfc-22f5-4ed7-b6d6-ae33e6f473e6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4aca41f4-ac24-4300-b8ae-56f55da2869c", + "ID": "f41b4238-c11b-4f6b-a1dd-1f9412f0581e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5eb732b2-bacd-49bc-9f53-c2e9f7973921", + "ID": "928dca6a-6984-4b4a-89d5-961f8df0a7e4", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "55e726f2-014e-4cbb-bffc-46292e98ee2c", + "ID": "a7ee3edf-cb73-4419-bfe0-aeebf195686c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "466e2245-ed54-4fe3-9328-7faf56d61ca3", + "ID": "abb69533-1077-4334-9c3c-0ccf8464be63", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ceb0de61-a375-422d-9649-922eb6e9a5de", + "ID": "bf0e23b0-499c-41a2-89bb-436413912d88", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cbd57ca1-621a-4f0b-85a5-c88299f6aabc", + "ID": "cc690b61-e1e8-4c1f-91a1-4c11bba1ef64", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "91255568-c058-4e70-91a4-e3f330b72b07", + "ID": "2d260d41-1ea8-4c3a-9435-12252035c3f8", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ba57880f-9d2b-43a5-9a59-3a543f0b75a0", + "ID": "fdfa9ff1-ae46-4e66-b250-2227209092c3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0135aea4-1ddb-4de1-bdf0-5df10573481d", + "ID": "30269615-2635-400d-961b-3437e912922f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2a41cd4d-6339-418a-ab0f-131e9ddbb37f", + "ID": "b0cf8640-80a3-4081-bf3a-8b18865f8a09", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28b03567-e272-4211-a0f3-87695fc02292", + "ID": "eb5e3ecf-f4d8-4056-86a0-663564b1a302", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5356174c-ba80-4fc4-9a54-33be9b335001", + "ID": "aff39ee6-642d-4b60-9109-e551f1cf73f3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "df872e8d-8b9d-4e4d-b6ad-c9794509eaf4", + "ID": "207cd4c9-4348-42b7-996f-05c80013d949", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "660e2ab3-1482-48e1-802c-c1a75aa7b1b0", + "ID": "576c5d80-3699-4823-b227-bc914ed8d191", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f210a73b-9ab7-4117-9a61-1dff51fe7276", + "ID": "83fda258-cc33-45f3-a400-09e347d0c48f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "894339c2-79a4-46a4-8ff6-205a6b866755", + "ID": "adf512a9-1e3c-4f9a-882f-96134324169e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cd76dce5-8f7d-4e30-a635-a4f467f273dd", + "ID": "8d3e1b43-9a0b-4765-aa8c-69c243dc173b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1c345c72-d1a7-4301-b2e6-871730e18a33", + "ID": "5314d341-f68e-46ac-84f4-b2337a3ed704", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "43c25b6a-c6c8-468a-b14c-e3f948672191", + "ID": "1d6949f1-c02a-46eb-8adc-982f9934fa7c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "432a930b-ef3a-4786-9ac1-7d2638cfe639", + "ID": "6289d86f-7a8f-4f72-a982-d6137285c7da", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "a5c6bbc9-bb20-4687-a605-867d99cff615", + "ID": "f7395fd8-4d01-442d-92cb-f5396513c66f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e438e014-21d7-4ad6-b675-1b8afb2005c8", + "ID": "1cbe9398-5528-4b59-bba8-8d136fcc2a6f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "871a4ebc-75fe-4f67-b890-aa8358dcdcfa", + "ID": "e4c909c6-20f6-4b3f-8b0c-4046bf7bff1c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d24e8aaa-694f-4391-aedd-9d6e265b12e5", + "ID": "d49e7844-aed7-4d45-8997-5aad918819b5", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0740a069-2682-4634-9e4f-88823d0af789", + "ID": "e4866f20-f3fd-4c2c-a781-e37d4ed74c4a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "d55161d4-5af8-484f-86dd-f2ca5cfb758f", + "ID": "1d9f098a-657c-47d9-a235-18980e42d975", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3cb2dcda-7b7d-41c7-9f20-40e1e7eebc4f", + "ID": "6f14e8cc-e7e7-4e44-94ad-f3ec1d02a28e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5f5ab52c-4b02-4fe7-9a8f-27329ed60ee1", + "ID": "5d8ee25a-5db3-451f-a5bf-1c98e63ce1fc", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b6572779-03b7-41b4-9233-01393eed48e5", + "ID": "8cf44e02-3a22-4147-ae89-7bb5d04b7657", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "85c319e7-2ac6-4ad4-862c-6dad0b58542e", + "ID": "6734cb06-f780-482a-96f5-a4d0aa2c9b00", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c8c70c1b-883c-437b-ac33-6f9f37e5f9ef", + "ID": "b135dc99-8e12-4c7f-b9b6-4e98e2274a60", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a19930ae-4ee2-47bc-838d-deb070ad53ed", + "ID": "840c3742-6fa0-439c-8e9f-f77011ef9f0e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1083,7 +1083,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "378cee56-c4ab-43bd-bdd1-505a5163f373", + "ID": "103a2e5d-32e6-477a-8a26-55004794f3a3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0f8e0e2a-7cef-49bc-a325-521f801e72ea", + "ID": "75aff96d-5b81-4a26-83f7-20b5e50593b2", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ec1acd36-bce9-4c30-a49c-a89d07e088c8", + "ID": "6b67d6c0-8ef6-4886-b8ad-c521e6f1515b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8f5ce82a-30b1-4a5d-9ed5-62a79afa0791", + "ID": "ccbb56d1-0947-4092-b156-ada111e02c6b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b7bc5485-8b06-42b4-888a-b2367d17c964", + "ID": "984333a6-8792-44d0-84fc-d15bbad6a46e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "acf1b637-77b9-47b3-9050-0d97541ff87c", + "ID": "d5c8c25f-3973-4d4c-bac1-a92635a73d1c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d8a3f8f7-7a56-4c4a-badf-cd1cfa70db4c", + "ID": "70a67dc9-b2a5-4202-ba44-073a51b2348c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a0956233-f086-4fc6-8a64-6b04cd8f5e7d", + "ID": "36815bbe-ef13-4228-97a6-54ace4f34116", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "fac32f96-f429-4dd3-b073-b8a504eadff3", + "ID": "1b89966c-6814-4db1-96f2-60192c6c319c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1254,7 +1254,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28b384ef-04af-46de-91a1-3d09186949ea", + "ID": "51907ca2-35db-4684-8ea8-a5017c76b12f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "01620340-2fc1-44a0-a514-06cabc6a4d88", + "ID": "f33459b1-e35c-4e16-bb06-3fe64d157065", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "59754d8e-72a8-4185-9221-7db4810765ad", + "ID": "23130a8b-934f-4ef7-b216-2c4be8bf0b24", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "083243d4-dc08-48f0-9836-ca105b8e5356", + "ID": "0ed01057-6305-4432-abdb-4a11f60b2127", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "85f8e63b-3416-457c-8bdf-28e1f4aa9b5d", + "ID": "a18a3246-3091-40a1-8db8-7b7257dee0f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1349,7 +1349,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b13b8044-8589-4c2e-8909-db951e0b63f3", + "ID": "30e53223-7e0a-45b4-822b-d3aed5a01fc6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1368,7 +1368,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "91e336f9-4855-4cc4-a1dd-f0e6e649a38d", + "ID": "6d32dd8d-b5fd-4a70-949e-f49e2b04f618", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1387,7 +1387,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "07b0730d-ad01-40f3-a307-147860348e0d", + "ID": "50b28ae3-04a9-421f-9333-db39a8ccd93f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1406,7 +1406,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "98eafbac-4902-465b-acc9-a2d7e37dc758", + "ID": "913de38a-dccf-4abb-8ac4-0ea5e4708285", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e42b1c69-c93f-4ee3-9283-e8fc8488559a", + "ID": "2f1d5315-2845-4bca-a1b2-d11e38708d40", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1444,7 +1444,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "aafabad7-c76b-4fe3-814f-de5a50bdc00e", + "ID": "634a4b9e-2ec9-4c79-82fb-392d43d4da4e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "60d2cc96-406d-4318-a46d-0094e602b812", + "ID": "be442db0-f056-418e-a4c5-b6467e256090", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1482,7 +1482,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "b3f9ddbe-4474-4efe-b1d2-4f69b85fadeb", + "ID": "06ac9516-5618-4ae4-9fc1-3ea207350592", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1501,7 +1501,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "114205b2-76b0-430a-bed5-19888b3414b5", + "ID": "0503502e-4041-44e0-902a-f81bf5d7fc31", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d94c95b9-4fdd-4031-a2d4-4d244afde38a", + "ID": "f3e0fdd7-3d05-4bc1-b252-4cf9651a834b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "35b0b0ea-6e3e-4c48-a783-6ccbb1944089", + "ID": "d67dd99e-dbcf-4c8f-b4d2-222513744460", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1558,7 +1558,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5b08cdbb-2ed1-4a94-802e-2dd6857bdb28", + "ID": "288c8143-5ba7-47cf-bc2b-090644775cac", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1577,7 +1577,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0b25af36-9829-4071-8fdd-8472f7be6edd", + "ID": "2abb4623-6abf-4023-af02-96cf74e1ba3b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9e68ff02-8ab5-4fa4-b2b2-fa73679cbbe9", + "ID": "3f4d7d5e-789d-4486-a323-e51e3ccd6552", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bf2f1cea-3112-42e7-815e-640a1ebe2ad3", + "ID": "66eb81d5-3afe-4326-a9b3-b1b6dc47a23b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1634,7 +1634,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "27397845-a559-437a-8c66-a6ae0e2c78fe", + "ID": "8d26babf-06f0-4d37-a309-f45b8b5e12a9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1653,7 +1653,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "ab20b7f3-c18b-45fe-909c-f6673e7a49ee", + "ID": "6bd87938-8761-4cb0-ab62-127f0dbde289", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0bb56572-c462-444d-a125-788c7daa2d39", + "ID": "7a788a38-0b2f-4166-84c4-2ea68b44ec71", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1691,7 +1691,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e29bed27-9848-469e-86b3-a36729771717", + "ID": "e3b5a6af-b137-46ab-9727-94315e68aab8", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1710,7 +1710,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3a89678e-871a-45db-afa2-0ce40f1a2590", + "ID": "4bb88b88-185f-46d9-9c69-424690cf25f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1729,7 +1729,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4ad25f6e-901f-4705-aa35-edaddc01405f", + "ID": "1f209ff6-b4d0-425b-885c-7c6831c25e1f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1748,7 +1748,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "f4fa8cca-3e1c-4f3a-a0f9-6986e3bbf557", + "ID": "b6539c1f-07cd-46d1-b48b-c28862c15808", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1767,7 +1767,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "63a9563c-143f-4924-899b-0c16e08c7e59", + "ID": "96deb9b0-12a1-4202-996f-ef948cfd5286", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.40 Cross-border Population Movements_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2023.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.40 Cross-border Population Movements_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2023.json index 3b424a6..56fcbbd 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.40 Cross-border Population Movements_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2023.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.40 Cross-border Population Movements_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2023.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "5405a157-3839-4e19-8631-84badc514c17", + "ID": "ac487c3d-1d7e-4459-a7a0-ea7843928dec", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "f7869e7d-9e1d-4b11-89ef-3dc2d0c23374", + "ID": "f7ea88fc-9533-4897-bff1-1be52de339bb", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d65bee57-e936-4d6a-a47c-fbc536ea13ff", + "ID": "9e850ba5-1b8b-4541-b2a0-7693b585a2bd", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "a5af9403-3287-455b-9871-4864b4c24576", + "ID": "3e8c92eb-595f-4074-a566-cdee065f037c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4322b9b0-c60c-4f7b-9481-585fe568b227", + "ID": "a4670019-d447-410e-8da0-2de88734388b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "2ee73d5d-e5b1-4b66-a5a1-6fd7ac327144", + "ID": "fecccd96-5e3e-47d0-bc6e-4a591ce25378", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a9e48cce-6bbc-46f9-a938-9f2b6853e18a", + "ID": "768d9786-1557-4f94-a056-bafedcf63419", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bdc61ff3-3b58-4b08-b1df-019d0426548f", + "ID": "6b541079-4afb-4bf9-9274-9c682c1abe56", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6509b651-d005-4e84-8886-e2ce1f6ae0b9", + "ID": "62efe9fa-8f89-4bc1-a2fb-01e094656146", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2469719d-29d4-42af-9882-edd59553a648", + "ID": "5f3d20f3-3ddf-4ebe-aca7-6ed598f94946", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "26d0d204-9a19-438c-95c9-4ca4df8cc1d7", + "ID": "237a9b5f-61d3-410c-9d7b-9f3ec49d88af", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f28b1d0-029a-42f1-aa8b-85e5d620b1fb", + "ID": "bf8475da-500c-4117-b9f4-f0c502e19251", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0b0777e4-6557-4414-b4fb-7234ddc32adb", + "ID": "ed3ca2e5-75b4-4498-82c8-d791370e583f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4da3115f-0a7a-491e-bbda-3abe9d8e5912", + "ID": "ac23089a-c72c-4ff7-9588-c5f3790cce92", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6d4b051b-c033-47f2-a75d-1442f0400405", + "ID": "4df1fe0e-08f2-4b69-b852-a1e7c5b48232", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "279af31f-f5c8-48fa-845e-52879ec04a2a", + "ID": "dbf01c90-03b8-458e-ac9f-1eb16997ec51", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e9e7672c-f89b-4c83-8f93-b21ce52fd773", + "ID": "9750f29e-e905-486e-9240-a84f0238bb01", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4795cc2d-a9c2-446b-b7bd-949df20a77bf", + "ID": "03f75a3c-3d8b-4b40-b75c-e798163a5660", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "fef52305-a8fb-4286-b663-11091f0a08f9", + "ID": "6db1d89e-db85-4815-90e5-25f41ef134df", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "86a0e86d-9ae5-4990-8108-acd3868a355f", + "ID": "8a7d6d45-d93b-48e6-83ff-6d92369208f6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b40ae2d1-eccd-482b-ab65-b9edba90c170", + "ID": "488cf280-ac3f-41c1-82f0-dd71bbbcf82b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3d2c6b0c-7346-46d3-96c8-ecee5c03bc81", + "ID": "1c854592-86c5-4daf-bef0-35d48bbe0e0c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2e4161e6-72c7-4b69-afa6-cd65eabe0b22", + "ID": "e8471f35-fc5d-42ec-99d0-61d35e808359", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "dcdb36a2-702a-4cdd-9faf-6de769a08514", + "ID": "2d024965-8758-49b4-b857-0c31934c994d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "017143e6-f7a6-4f7e-8b1f-3f5ec23ec158", + "ID": "9a1dd273-81af-41e0-b375-9a002521fe98", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cc9b0a8c-1e92-4b97-a37b-28ae22d5c978", + "ID": "9ec9ba0c-5c51-4f88-800b-bf3889b02e02", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "e2c65d2e-4098-45ca-b343-aac1257e5869", + "ID": "04a0bd98-cacc-4fb1-94d9-19eb3c8b141a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "9ba712ec-9cef-4580-9b97-2dc159d28fdb", + "ID": "7723f70c-6189-4cb3-93df-aade4a12b716", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "98127748-4d03-4547-9533-8c6fde33b7e6", + "ID": "8b7af404-424d-4de2-aedd-763bc09b9ff3", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "94154e0e-1157-4378-8512-1b2a052c12fe", + "ID": "b683e3b8-2a13-4999-8cb1-c5d29448745a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "deac44c6-0371-43fb-952e-c1701d1f4502", + "ID": "784d3e44-62db-42f5-8a85-160c465c2d7a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6ce6517e-da41-4784-90af-8f5e12a508fc", + "ID": "ccedbfa6-93c1-43e1-93dd-4340fcf3e397", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1c43bc80-7c76-4ffd-9dce-3f2b013530f9", + "ID": "dd1c0c7a-4838-4f13-97ee-4621ac180791", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "201a8d98-ad1e-4f47-95a1-ede6149b1802", + "ID": "041ddda9-04cc-413b-abe8-55153f9d86e7", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3c3e8946-b9be-4d28-ab5d-9209ea9df789", + "ID": "8f427def-0b7c-430e-a3c8-201a55bc1d97", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f56ae66-ccd0-47c9-9dc5-19f3e1b3bac3", + "ID": "7f3b24fb-23b2-4d55-b7e9-7e0bfada5f1a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "376311e0-45b4-465f-8ba4-001516e39359", + "ID": "43bb182b-d466-41ab-918a-6d26cfb0bd16", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b07b9f8d-a6f2-49f8-b02d-fb24d6702ea7", + "ID": "462762b0-08f8-4528-9a7e-cd924a5849c9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "336b680b-1328-4703-8970-b3d45dd9e9e9", + "ID": "0cd8f782-ec30-424f-8e77-49f01fe852ae", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "36a42bf6-9687-4635-bdfd-ade86e084930", + "ID": "d69485f6-0f13-43f8-bbb2-1a25f2f710b6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "96a460e7-a53e-4eb7-bac3-2d8f1fe5de07", + "ID": "fc48a166-c25f-4412-81dc-df9f90789c78", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "43ead83d-a004-45f1-b127-5b7223c5ec01", + "ID": "bb1a2a2a-d201-4a3a-b496-d822e773b2be", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c0756079-a624-48a9-9795-967b6f9229ca", + "ID": "cc12ebf1-01f9-4823-9a14-cf981ddfa7b4", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "aac5e243-117d-4b9b-87bd-d78e7638f2ef", + "ID": "6bcdb238-cff4-48cb-bebb-57f93eed72b2", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f85e1cc2-2f85-42b2-b539-19288e115d1b", + "ID": "36e3455f-bc3d-4baa-834f-9ff20f6e2b9e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d787debc-9544-4fbc-90ed-13297b6f183c", + "ID": "b19086b1-8336-41d3-a1ff-fb8a07e4661f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "474fc319-3e84-459e-94d0-bea1b46d1173", + "ID": "18e4e926-a76d-4582-a43f-5c93593ed758", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "80fd5681-eb76-4e3a-b451-8b4ec1cfbd4a", + "ID": "84e26289-ccbf-4487-8484-97340f0cfe0c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f62ef495-de09-4ecd-9650-bf15588cd970", + "ID": "ca552f61-1389-4971-8ced-5199a75c7ffe", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "01e0f954-15ed-4c0a-95da-40d3a122a663", + "ID": "e8b3266b-9d23-49b4-ae89-e9b0a0407995", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "5db58f4c-17f2-4bc6-8bff-fa174d89409d", + "ID": "a7a8e3ca-93e4-4fda-92e2-7a2ea4b046a8", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "44ea7e13-72d7-45a7-b6a1-e134845656bd", + "ID": "07dbf885-379c-4015-9276-3ad6e42eeebb", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "357d67af-e254-4c2e-8e5b-e5c5a6b2b882", + "ID": "fbe56faf-96ef-41a5-b091-9132c36fd93b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf27990a-5d65-4415-a6a4-9021611f784b", + "ID": "ab0440a1-6740-4f6e-977c-3870b93b8d59", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "7504b87b-e7f3-43a8-a415-1cb5eb538a7e", + "ID": "0b4ebddf-b6a3-426e-bbd4-290791ea802b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ad9b593f-56bd-4b7f-adbf-77bb2cc926d3", + "ID": "5ff433f5-6f31-401a-9d44-184d2f181956", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.80 Disability and Inclusive DDR_validated copy-edit clean_26 Jul 2021.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.80 Disability and Inclusive DDR_validated copy-edit clean_26 Jul 2021.json index 0b6d0da..67239f0 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.80 Disability and Inclusive DDR_validated copy-edit clean_26 Jul 2021.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.80 Disability and Inclusive DDR_validated copy-edit clean_26 Jul 2021.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "d787dcc7-5b0f-426a-9a65-b6b1ac9dceb2", + "ID": "5c273e47-4c46-4fdc-a6a9-2595ae1ea7f0", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "54fdee0d-42e9-4a30-8344-edef545524fd", + "ID": "f81e74d0-ba79-45fb-ab6f-133a1d16363d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0bb19b65-d195-4d30-a35f-bc01d7c7fc25", + "ID": "aa9d41cc-641f-48d2-9705-a941f5d50c3c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8445e023-70fd-4105-a2b4-7fcc40a4e361", + "ID": "cf550380-a6af-4e6e-9418-9c8c956345a2", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1d43d145-be14-48a4-83c1-960343819405", + "ID": "ca615a7b-c9ac-4ea5-819e-e58b566b0427", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c6a92ae1-d4e6-4469-a8a7-d5481a23faff", + "ID": "badfa765-a612-40a1-937b-1b80269a4515", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "abc659a3-1521-49d8-b162-4924e474abae", + "ID": "ec11a83b-46a6-44c7-b357-5784c3bb9b8d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2d75bd27-7ca4-4f16-a350-f54d79fb502b", + "ID": "0749b935-4415-41a8-927b-4b1b5932ce5e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "70d909a2-109e-4c96-b137-061c3020e4af", + "ID": "e06d129a-e056-4de4-adc1-a98f98187d5a", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b720c8cd-29b7-4404-b4f2-72978e541628", + "ID": "8de8737b-6fc0-4697-8a21-993d9ae3c5a5", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e9fbd7ad-c63d-494d-bb89-3946eeacb308", + "ID": "5b45d29d-6a1b-42f9-8a98-a82fa8d95254", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e9ed20f4-ef3a-4cb8-b80b-a382828eaf2f", + "ID": "837e4a0d-3867-414d-8350-4a7e34375262", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f0a90275-dc35-442a-8db4-b84b85477458", + "ID": "2cb8c4a4-7bf4-46e5-ab9a-8faa4369c37b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cdf306d2-2c9c-4b32-a6de-1bdbd45d7e7a", + "ID": "e9c9fa67-7e35-4f1c-8095-cb9d4d2d1793", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5fb68acb-daea-458f-8709-edba0229675e", + "ID": "90d91e60-8e66-4f29-a46d-727440d3d987", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1fe6d72e-f2c2-4fbb-a9ca-cb2e1dd35237", + "ID": "f16367c1-8ea2-41f2-aa28-4054c943972d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "723671b5-2a7a-4f79-9ee8-74e98a411557", + "ID": "748d7bed-3220-4e29-90e9-afb0c052db76", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8bce49ea-9a80-4b36-bdcf-57e606666248", + "ID": "facab657-d20f-4e8d-91f8-6adfcc1e48f9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "eba65c32-f683-4950-8072-a1ad7b2492a9", + "ID": "78c2083d-8328-4eb6-9bf8-c0a98f9ebd15", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8284c53d-7cbb-444b-a516-3efaed0eb59e", + "ID": "ec0588c2-ddf7-4115-966c-24e5f4715ff9", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a64329e2-9843-48a1-8b19-e39cc165c379", + "ID": "029b8056-e2f1-46a8-a770-d64aa45ae844", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1acc7ec7-4aa0-4712-83ee-93149c0abe07", + "ID": "e0b3a4a7-6fd3-4dc3-ad08-4b493171555c", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e25fc74e-ae93-4ae2-afd6-cbefd4d075ec", + "ID": "d19a68b2-608e-4ad9-882c-90d6be377ab1", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ade5ff8b-b170-4b08-8e95-1f7d5e51c8e8", + "ID": "bd7c26d3-af22-4788-b25e-8711beef1ec1", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c4f9b5c4-2bc5-4bc0-98ec-950556a316bb", + "ID": "b7998ace-b9b3-45b6-a8a9-b8c11db0a05b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d8736521-7dfe-42b4-a954-545111b81a28", + "ID": "64607e35-131d-45bd-a7a0-959d17696773", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6f4abf6b-c75c-4d72-a62b-b7aec2dc5b6e", + "ID": "ac00b2ea-5a11-497d-9d74-c605b5541940", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "728f9b4d-b4a9-489e-b6c6-10d9330c8328", + "ID": "4b34101d-0144-440a-80f2-4abf7eff0903", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "30e62a71-fe2f-4ac6-ad81-cae7ce495c45", + "ID": "fc77c2c2-8bbb-484e-b358-a250206a24cd", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f3a7cec-037f-431d-830f-bb5233cbd94a", + "ID": "7557eb47-5727-4eff-af03-4768aacf610f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f1ccfbf-474f-4dd3-a7a7-fce6afb0b8dd", + "ID": "8408dd09-dfb5-4cd2-823c-58cfde690926", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "62acf125-2fc6-42f6-b3b3-e865c6a0106e", + "ID": "b2cbe385-cf25-4fce-ad5f-9b78ae36615b", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "006c0c04-9c98-4a9c-ae31-e689b46f2764", + "ID": "2f820690-41f7-40d3-82e3-ecfb716b1106", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "f78b3c5c-eb2a-47f2-8f83-2b9448e3783e", + "ID": "625e1e56-00ee-467a-9e34-462eac2d02ec", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c324846d-26ee-4a10-8ab8-50c016f32116", + "ID": "44f98afa-985c-4342-8ecd-8f64197456f6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c74347ba-c4de-4f5e-8e36-179d028ba119", + "ID": "bf8c1b8f-83af-41ca-983e-6642a1a24941", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0122a3f6-23d6-4570-a8bc-52ed78e326df", + "ID": "0b393480-c1ad-44a0-890f-d90f3d52613f", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8a35057b-8d2c-42e8-bb7d-23a86c54c473", + "ID": "fbfc1a98-8a35-4858-b41b-fa1ee5e386c6", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9ed8ca6a-d6db-4280-84af-3648d545c315", + "ID": "a24be40c-4ecc-46b1-865e-9e7a51363e1d", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4fb37ea6-f9aa-4adc-b5d6-6e53391b07bb", + "ID": "e3073fc4-e83e-4f38-9f9d-08070dca745e", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0f5883bc-09f8-4cac-880a-083a5bd7aa48", + "ID": "02000e1d-6d17-4c9c-afd0-1be95eaffd30", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cadfceec-ae82-42ee-8047-992d2f0c0f0e", + "ID": "fa143f56-3282-44ca-892b-61be4cf014b7", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "18b674f7-e68c-4d3e-82b0-ac4fc7334a63", + "ID": "9b79b301-cb26-41fd-ae0a-81870ee0b3ac", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "85922805-33d0-4715-b2ca-b4b485334c7a", + "ID": "16302cbe-0fb8-4aec-8ebb-7ae84ce0ce21", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cf19ccb4-91e2-4ae2-95c9-6c5542c8d33d", + "ID": "2edbcf29-93db-4a80-bd07-fc22002277ff", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bac0937f-286e-46e7-8222-a7f1d89b2a32", + "ID": "27fe07ea-3f56-4e25-a878-88ac9d568d69", "Color": "#D10007", "Level": "5", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.10 DDR and Security Sector Reform_validated copy-edit clean_10 Apr 2023.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.10 DDR and Security Sector Reform_validated copy-edit clean_10 Apr 2023.json index 309abe1..5636aa5 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.10 DDR and Security Sector Reform_validated copy-edit clean_10 Apr 2023.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.10 DDR and Security Sector Reform_validated copy-edit clean_10 Apr 2023.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "775e1584-8de6-4e47-a691-5a1fac8eeef6", + "ID": "8fe04957-f880-48c5-8a99-2b921cdd4875", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "90eeb4b8-af85-40f7-93e9-13a1f95a925e", + "ID": "c25af8ba-364c-46c5-81be-011b04ceeea3", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e30c2e65-18d7-4587-8830-f90bbad6b6c6", + "ID": "8e88044b-6d97-46b5-b445-d3e053a65da1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "41f3e9cc-22a7-40f4-93dc-1f71b24b8e12", + "ID": "3d8860e6-dc9a-49b6-94fe-2b93b9d94c09", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "28c47b4a-f56f-4359-b336-4c9bda45f96e", + "ID": "475e920c-3530-428e-9288-eca0a528efc8", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "eedde4ff-fc62-4e69-a7c9-f6942722abdc", + "ID": "cb0e8bf0-9091-4fd0-b6da-252e71beae24", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28398afd-057b-4fd1-8dd1-26baea3f3f02", + "ID": "1a3133a7-7c41-4078-9891-8eeec6563b35", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9a420f8f-fde6-4de6-aa5e-4ee90403bd63", + "ID": "97db3733-9037-4225-a334-622710e1f8e7", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "52b819fa-d7ce-4cf6-86fd-bdb70e017bab", + "ID": "0d70927d-efbc-4b15-8888-aa1310ca033d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7280c8d9-7c35-495a-9289-c94493a17454", + "ID": "8e4b31c8-818b-414f-90bc-355950faa026", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cb815078-b0e4-4cdb-8582-d1a54afd9a9a", + "ID": "c72c1a78-132e-435e-aea2-81ae824ce67f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "60160bca-6174-4c23-abfd-ff99e40f18f5", + "ID": "021c01b9-110a-4bca-bf5f-d1a0c2f9e6a0", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8ca8578e-9cc2-4af7-88b8-c4795631d50d", + "ID": "049d7dc6-c0e4-4d0e-9161-64c3c4083ae5", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1fe8fae2-7cf2-4459-9a57-e76f5ad66e12", + "ID": "1ad1b506-b525-4356-bd5c-7e491bc52d20", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "fbf67a8f-c70b-4e1c-8309-f95e203efbab", + "ID": "a0f76bc0-07ac-440d-9848-c47c83e47a5f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "381f3f55-c94a-487a-be34-0ee9c85aa0a7", + "ID": "245b4ae5-c00d-4932-a5c6-1229227b9b9a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6da8b4d3-713c-481b-89d9-8d6b82b772c5", + "ID": "3860b21b-326f-48c8-a407-cb17684033ea", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5e078f3f-7e74-4658-b868-1f3eac9976ae", + "ID": "2a1d1136-a243-4c38-865c-eddca55e32a6", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c86d3cb2-de89-4516-a4cd-1125d06b206b", + "ID": "a339cfbb-f86d-4cc3-8f12-6e250ebf23bc", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b7b0f116-e1e8-4d6d-a884-2043105ff408", + "ID": "b1b27b52-73c3-4469-8ba9-00712024ce9c", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6402024c-f7a6-471c-87c8-9fbbcaf6d0ba", + "ID": "e409eb40-2f95-478b-8ef8-96d973504da1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d686c36d-056c-47c0-9efa-b8cdc7477649", + "ID": "cbee8085-5ed9-43ca-9c63-5c25fc479935", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9f8d2ce7-337e-49d7-950b-5d5b0bf2684b", + "ID": "afca7cb1-255f-43c5-86cc-b66a5516d319", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "7584d3fe-b061-4a10-aca1-131562a9ceeb", + "ID": "2d4844a9-6b26-4164-af2f-ef8143411c7d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "872b75f3-c36c-46e3-9956-10b29d1cffe1", + "ID": "a609a498-d660-45de-b017-0b95c41f8c47", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a4fbd6e7-add7-4575-bd84-be9aed04c6f1", + "ID": "cc2ff1a4-d304-49be-9351-a909309f26ba", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cfe91eac-f7d2-4e24-b982-fe65751d4493", + "ID": "84a7ea10-f7e5-457e-bb00-bd58aa9e0af0", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "4839b443-eb39-4dac-a7dc-d84a7c106949", + "ID": "c214472b-77d8-48ef-bb67-3446d285c5b1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b14a28f6-53a6-457f-8455-b3458366bd81", + "ID": "a7616555-d98c-45a1-96c1-83e37e347c99", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c75da2b9-45af-4fcd-841c-1c1260a9d28e", + "ID": "5fb600cd-0adc-41e3-bd4f-6a03074a1a53", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0bcbf682-b54d-41a8-8898-503f1a65898b", + "ID": "caa3b006-816a-4d16-b050-c2fdf7c9c66f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b4b12525-2034-4d9e-9154-9a5613ecc92e", + "ID": "9ecab374-33c1-46f9-ac27-88ccf4e424cd", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "81ac5517-0044-4b8d-aae2-550941f0b559", + "ID": "88ff1683-5477-4d11-a635-5fa6d1ba61f2", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "1f30406d-3790-4404-be20-6ff3a2d248bb", + "ID": "04f23991-ad54-4a4c-828b-23071f86224a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "af757de1-79a6-4af2-9e16-1721952aa355", + "ID": "20619290-dba9-4fa8-9b9b-42c3931113ae", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "cef135e3-a792-4a2c-837d-def521823f59", + "ID": "66940411-076a-4258-809b-6796b7ce31e8", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b17b3d61-1b6b-43c3-b8d7-42db2afb33e5", + "ID": "ef9049fe-04b7-4e74-a438-66ec5e96c04d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f050509c-e6a6-4510-94da-7bc1ba497f72", + "ID": "39a7ab9f-cf0d-4796-b934-8a78e2341961", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4875232c-dc20-4630-a106-d4213c0f9516", + "ID": "0e5852ee-ecb8-44e5-824b-24a12b3d09b3", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "65fd7cf2-aec6-4979-8ba5-77951d19929f", + "ID": "604437f3-85f8-41aa-a34d-b15010bf7bd2", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8e340635-70b9-4d18-ba62-3ec0ebb7f594", + "ID": "090b804a-3e11-40ae-8403-89db8d0bb81e", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0d1345b6-ec5a-4f0b-b7ef-1cb2c0a1a399", + "ID": "68b81447-1264-416f-9e80-e599f9dd7398", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "28924185-25c1-46c0-a18e-6ea764c742d5", + "ID": "661d9b67-92e1-43ec-9270-259438d0cb76", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e68d5188-ed9f-4c9c-aa38-7aac1c5f2ba9", + "ID": "2290958f-dced-414f-9afa-c83aaad80157", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d6ea91b9-0e83-4011-a38f-0433dd2194fd", + "ID": "933c5e0f-5d3d-46e2-9d99-65a1bb88258a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5a80907b-4384-4796-866c-67c73ab7b016", + "ID": "87ebf051-23e5-48d7-94be-625dd4b5aafd", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8f16b1a7-aac7-4745-80df-f4a571ed8230", + "ID": "d0484ef2-a90a-432f-9d5d-686ef1a1d73a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e36cbe17-c784-496e-9c80-1f0f8466ff2f", + "ID": "880bd3d1-154b-4443-bd32-adcd6ae8444f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "31907619-8a4a-42e3-bd73-d516167f6955", + "ID": "75016284-3de2-4912-ac42-13ba77d18f98", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1f697f6f-c3ff-4e53-98af-bd65501ec852", + "ID": "04027f69-fc42-4e0a-bec2-4f7a5d00fa0f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ac34f30b-b123-4974-b78a-440163a9b2f6", + "ID": "89fce011-453d-4ce0-a0a4-6d62933d2ce0", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3e77cb1e-9330-4366-83b6-b65d94bc22fa", + "ID": "744d1019-1bad-4d0c-b36b-58c61fd6dc35", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d60925f5-f364-4978-b52b-90a8971c5d6f", + "ID": "13131cbb-deea-4a06-8e09-30a8625dcfdb", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "014d43a4-a601-4dc0-83b8-0027cd457ac4", + "ID": "048b5293-eddc-447d-a588-76cb3011e3d3", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "512d2f97-dbe4-4a0c-b581-335e6294703b", + "ID": "f1c30eb5-cb6a-4ac1-9e4d-104b7e5d8881", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "522f7a42-9e19-4282-bc72-296ed2cf7f54", + "ID": "dc889e0e-0db5-4f5c-84f6-289c92615ebf", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9b616911-a021-49b9-b6b4-66f18a1d6f17", + "ID": "42e4bc22-5a14-4772-8f49-722ba080f416", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.30 DDR and Natural Resources_validated copy-edit clean_9 Nov 2021.json b/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.30 DDR and Natural Resources_validated copy-edit clean_9 Nov 2021.json index 18c3d62..190c2a0 100644 --- a/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.30 DDR and Natural Resources_validated copy-edit clean_9 Nov 2021.json +++ b/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.30 DDR and Natural Resources_validated copy-edit clean_9 Nov 2021.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ [ { - "ID": "00eca0ca-9613-4f92-9e10-4725af599c6f", + "ID": "5912a6ac-c995-4adc-a813-3eaac95c2b8e", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "8e6e44e5-3fac-483c-908b-beafbb3ce68f", + "ID": "615f54a7-cdbe-4641-90a4-1ada4b527793", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c258082a-d5aa-46db-b077-29daed37640e", + "ID": "2818cde1-191f-4b11-8dcf-00e1828fb870", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e561d0cb-a5bd-4c6e-94ab-4658c38a0c0e", + "ID": "58e5dd38-a2de-42cd-8d2f-2a5831060bdf", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "21e80b12-7456-46f6-8a80-b49f9babc8b1", + "ID": "3e6befae-b78d-49a9-829d-4009585f619b", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "24903ee8-670a-41c5-b2dc-a187219eaa70", + "ID": "0712082c-8731-437a-b7bd-70d72381f7b5", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "ed74576e-40fe-44aa-b8ff-6fa72d4234b8", + "ID": "8ba8492f-ca6b-421e-9b42-dd0974440c6f", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "3b93d3e7-8e69-4005-98c8-f04c7554f118", + "ID": "f0cf2eed-8d15-4d06-b8a5-0d0152a12cad", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "3816e60f-0210-4fb7-9d9a-b787ee78b3da", + "ID": "251190bb-3b35-41f3-97d2-e30165c51a95", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "95d4f09f-1eb8-4b56-b7c6-4bee72643c6f", + "ID": "6976da6f-c12f-4082-afd7-bcf31f0db432", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "bbdc8c3f-52fb-4890-a643-094b2f293ebd", + "ID": "b8872892-c702-47a3-8088-e83a4db0b086", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "0ecda9d1-ba92-401c-9c6f-a2b283799a5c", + "ID": "247b81e5-b3e3-4e95-9a60-ea856029458a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "d201e8c4-583d-4e35-afad-23c8a8556fa0", + "ID": "7350afd5-816c-47a0-a9f2-f2782f993380", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "2ec60bd8-5d85-4539-adcf-b49dee9c4f93", + "ID": "60f412ea-0cce-43cb-aa1b-9c9b0aca9eb9", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5dbe6105-f60b-4e95-aeef-913927c9f533", + "ID": "f2757409-c5a4-4cdd-b11d-4d82b8da789a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "401c374d-34f7-4c45-88a0-521075e27c1d", + "ID": "5670a339-a4bd-4234-93d6-4c15bdcc5718", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "93bda4c7-aa28-4c64-a88c-0bcb480337ac", + "ID": "852f8e4c-8080-4b5e-a5f6-d6f79c37b980", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "f9ecdffe-0bf0-4036-8f35-16d934f031d7", + "ID": "44e5d7a2-9613-4a34-847a-d36f3d5424ae", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "6199f91a-0b9c-4abe-9e41-c803751eb302", + "ID": "68baf8b5-ac4c-4399-9899-cab1ab041c16", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "549d7fda-0c7b-45fb-8932-4fdfddc988a1", + "ID": "9c0676d9-d077-4fb6-9529-72ed5065fcce", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b4647f60-f9e0-4d27-8551-819a84b77e82", + "ID": "d5b24504-9407-4908-8519-ac8e13796d84", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "09b3d0e6-ffe6-4928-a07b-85d8035f4552", + "ID": "a4dc8e83-7ee4-4e6c-89bb-5daaaf5a7d63", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "751c9011-3feb-4921-9cd5-8a9ba0b0fbf7", + "ID": "4364f618-7c9b-444b-b9e4-5cc35525768b", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0511bdbd-b280-4b50-a5ad-38fb97611bf7", + "ID": "9d505a6d-df02-4efa-a79a-beb3b102d297", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "4225b61d-7a8a-4407-8266-27e203573e48", + "ID": "1aa32b9e-af53-4b5e-8d0a-6db5699446f6", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "97dfcaab-e848-41f7-853f-8228439221c0", + "ID": "46dafad0-2d16-4c46-8dda-af00ad3a5a49", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "9b55be9a-9375-4c00-8a22-903206cce558", + "ID": "82a50b5f-e29d-4c21-beb2-66a3237f52c2", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e80439d4-f1a0-4f6d-834c-f0ef354e811b", + "ID": "24220fdd-b0d6-44b4-baa0-a650888d5c31", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "68c74945-de15-435a-85b7-08e2e27647ba", + "ID": "e6a9fa8e-305a-4a84-bee7-9fe1c6c36b8d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5f46e904-1606-4a16-9459-cc796471d779", + "ID": "2aff659d-5cef-4629-b5b9-e594cb7e6bc9", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e20438b8-7b62-4055-9a11-7df88765ca83", + "ID": "e421ac3c-78df-4778-a5b7-683aa8ec0a15", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a571a705-738a-4dbc-9339-b89e552f4057", + "ID": "74392180-6b12-4bcf-838d-191a36b7e97a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b445f854-25bf-4445-b29b-1a3f39f4c89f", + "ID": "95e6a962-c872-4fee-8a4c-f56d4e2a1134", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "94845479-f9df-4564-80cd-bdc6c7c4c043", + "ID": "9dec5564-19fd-408a-99a1-4ce9a623a9aa", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1d4c40e5-dae0-4955-80b7-d706097869e0", + "ID": "699f830d-2123-4129-a50c-61fbc2f82601", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "69d6774e-bde5-4b41-b7de-d76bcbee3f21", + "ID": "839cceca-6f92-49eb-86fb-dd126f59aa66", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8eaf73e5-d371-4390-921e-dd727a94c64f", + "ID": "57d2abba-ab48-4701-b73b-377ddb959da1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -703,7 +703,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "5001c915-5aac-41a0-9ad2-7d4b1194bdf3", + "ID": "f5f10405-de53-4271-882e-86d070502549", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -722,7 +722,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b20d19c9-e5cc-4fb6-b0bc-01fa8630ed79", + "ID": "7efed4d6-fd7e-4069-b87b-37d26c6a0edc", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "e6ebe736-f222-43af-92d0-fc257781c147", + "ID": "ee04a865-79b4-4b9f-a88c-35cb34bf8640", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "c18b1844-30a9-4406-842a-7c501abf7b94", + "ID": "e1632f91-409d-4ba3-be8c-fc8597329b76", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "06f1025a-cb67-4c90-9422-ed0f23cb3295", + "ID": "d7b6e362-b528-44fa-934e-8009297a9021", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "8841a8c0-bc46-4376-86c3-c3e9feade63f", + "ID": "822bc224-416b-4c6b-a2fd-ccc5ec6523c6", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "61e24ffd-30e2-4091-a920-58a53c581ccb", + "ID": "f9a78cb5-ac18-49fc-8d21-6ddbbb237ff7", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "0d019aca-a754-457e-966c-69501aa3783b", + "ID": "89f4f9f6-4b62-4182-b4f5-7a44ee8aeefc", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "c2425aaf-38d2-460b-91bd-217bc354463b", + "ID": "e6a258c0-778a-494f-ad8c-75ac9bf8e14a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -874,7 +874,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "735eb1b5-c83e-42a8-9589-353784ddaee0", + "ID": "98b6b3e5-c9f5-4b43-b769-2c0ded9fb256", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "fa0ef8e8-6082-440f-b05d-0d51e15141bc", + "ID": "6124ab31-ad71-42af-946b-79da6df66e56", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -912,7 +912,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "644317c6-a956-408b-9d5c-11631af495f9", + "ID": "3d3d261e-9448-466b-be48-3424fd33e5b1", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "a531b5bf-8565-4ade-9f35-780a574cb239", + "ID": "28959e0d-5140-4205-a482-9143909eda0d", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "847c3937-b19d-4cb0-a264-5c9864c244d3", + "ID": "c3817f8e-9c9b-4461-8f65-7340cb16ca70", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ "Must": true }, { - "ID": "6c2cc06a-c76c-4ad2-87cf-e07b70ad1d3c", + "ID": "55799d88-77a1-4145-b648-a0c0e6bcc64a", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -988,7 +988,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "db7f2e47-a2b7-435a-a372-2a4eae1a03cd", + "ID": "7b336ae1-c059-44f6-8a5c-105ba9e2cdb9", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "b2c8095c-403b-4fc0-874b-883f28bc4830", + "ID": "745f6562-1eea-4ba6-87d4-331633ee82b4", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", @@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ "Must": false }, { - "ID": "1ca59f76-f9a1-4b82-983e-fb690b87eaa4", + "ID": "b29f2ccd-f323-49be-a88c-b21d6acfe698", "Color": "#CF7AB2", "Level": "6", "LevelName": "", diff --git a/static/data/json_log.log b/static/data/json_log.log index f6dbeb5..b33f5c6 100644 --- a/static/data/json_log.log +++ b/static/data/json_log.log @@ -39658,3 +39658,59 @@ elasticsearch.NotFoundError: NotFoundError(404, 'index_not_found_exception', 'no 2023-11-21 08:06:38 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 10101 2023-11-21 08:06:38 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.085s] 2023-11-21 08:06:38 - INFO - File Processing completed +2023-11-21 14:14:21 - INFO - 8 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.11 Integrated Assessments_validated clean_17 Jun 2022.json +2023-11-21 14:14:23 - INFO - 32 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.41 DDR Budgeting and Financing_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json +2023-11-21 14:14:26 - INFO - 37 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 3.50 Monitoring and Evaluation_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2022.json +2023-11-21 14:14:31 - INFO - 47 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.10 Disarmament_validated copy-edit clean_16 Jun 2020.json +2023-11-21 14:14:34 - INFO - 1 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.30 Reintegration_validated copy-edit clean_26 Sep 2022.json +2023-11-21 14:14:36 - INFO - 34 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 4.60 Public Info and Strategic Communication_validated copy-edit clean_24 Feb 2021.json +2023-11-21 14:14:49 - INFO - 94 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.20 Children and DDR_validated copy-edited clean_9 Nov 2021.json +2023-11-21 14:14:54 - INFO - 56 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.40 Cross-border Population Movements_validated copy-edit clean_23 Mar 2023.json +2023-11-21 14:14:58 - INFO - 46 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 5.80 Disability and Inclusive DDR_validated copy-edit clean_26 Jul 2021.json +2023-11-21 14:15:03 - INFO - 57 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.10 DDR and Security Sector Reform_validated copy-edit clean_10 Apr 2023.json +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - 55 seactions has been saved to: /home/louai/Documents/BICC/IDDRS/iddrs_tool/iddrs_api/static/data/json/IDDRS 6.30 DDR and Natural Resources_validated copy-edit clean_9 Nov 2021.json +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - Number of successed saved files: 11 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - Number of seactions: 669 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - Number of seactions after cleaning: 467 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - Number of cleaned seactions: 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - DEBUG - Starting new HTTPS connection (1): localhost:9200 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "HEAD /iddrs HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - HEAD https://localhost:9200/iddrs [status:200 duration:0.096s] +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "HEAD /iddrs HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - HEAD https://localhost:9200/iddrs [status:200 duration:0.006s] +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "DELETE /iddrs HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - DELETE https://localhost:9200/iddrs [status:200 duration:0.087s] +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:09 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs [status:200 duration:0.341s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.184s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.033s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.037s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.038s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.047s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.040s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.048s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.033s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.034s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.035s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "PUT /iddrs/_bulk HTTP/1.1" 200 0 +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - PUT https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_bulk [status:200 duration:0.047s] +2023-11-21 14:15:10 - INFO - File Processing completed +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - DEBUG - Starting new HTTPS connection (1): localhost:9200 +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "POST /iddrs/_search HTTP/1.1" 200 None +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - INFO - POST https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_search [status:200 duration:0.035s] +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "POST /iddrs/_search HTTP/1.1" 200 None +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - INFO - POST https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_search [status:200 duration:0.007s] +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "POST /iddrs/_search HTTP/1.1" 200 None +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - INFO - POST https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_search [status:200 duration:0.008s] +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - DEBUG - https://localhost:9200 "POST /iddrs/_search HTTP/1.1" 200 None +2023-11-21 14:15:58 - INFO - POST https://localhost:9200/iddrs/_search [status:200 duration:0.020s]