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[
{
"ID": 0,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "Summary",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 1,
"Paragraph": "The system of funding of a disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) pro- gramme varies according to the different involvement of international actors. When the World Bank (with its Multi-Donor Trustfund) plays a leading role in supporting a national DDR programme, funding is normally provided for all demobilization and reintegration activities, while additional World Bank International Development Association (IDA) loans are also provided. In these instances, funding comes from a single source and is largely guaranteed.In instances where the United Nations (UN) takes the lead, several sources of funding may be brought together to support a national DDR programme. Funds may include con- tributions from the peacekeeping assessed budget; core funding from the budgets of UN agencies, funds and programmes; voluntary contributions from donors to a UN-managed trust fund; bilateral support from a Member State to the national programme; and contribu- tions from the World Bank.In a peacekeeping context, funding may come from some or all of the above funding sources. In this situation, a good understanding of the policies and procedures governing the employment and management of financial support from these different sources is vital to the success of the DDR programme.Since several international actors are involved, it is important to be aware of important DDR funding requirements, resource mobilization options, funding mechanisms and finan- cial management structures for DDR programming. Within DDR funding requirements, for example, creating an integrated DDR plan, investing heavily in the reintegration phase and increasing accountability by using the results-based budgeting (RBB) process can contribute to the success and long-term sustainability of a DDR programme.When budgeting for DDR programmes, being aware of the various funding sources available is especially helpful. The peacekeeping assessed budget process, which covers military, personnel and operational costs, is vital to DDR programming within the UN peace- keeping context. Both in and outside the UN system, rapid response funds are available. External sources of funding include voluntary donor contributions, the World Bank Post- Conflict Fund, the Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP), government grants and agency in-kind contributions.Once funds have been committed to DDR programmes, there are different funding mechanisms that can be used and various financial management structures for DDR pro- grammes that can be created. Suitable to an integrated DDR plan is the Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP), which is the normal UN inter-agency planning, coordination and resource mobilization mechanism for the response to a crisis. Transitional appeals, Post-Conflict Needs Assessments (PCNAs) and international donors\u2019 conferences usually involve govern- ments and are applicable to the conflict phase. In the case of RBB, programme budgeting that is defined by clear objectives, indicators of achievement, outputs and influence of external factors helps to make funds more sustainable. Effective financial management structures for DDR programmes are based on a coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustainable financing for DDR activities. Such a coherent structure is guided by, among other factors, a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities and an agreed framework for joint DDR coordination, monitoring and evaluation.",
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{
"ID": 1,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "1. Module scope and objectives",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "The aim of this module is to provide DDR practitioners in Headquarters and the field, in peacekeeping missions as well as field-based UN agencies, funds and programmes with a good understanding of: \\n the major DDR activities that need to be considered and their associated cost; \\n the planning and budgetary framework used for DDR programming in a peacekeeping environment; \\n potential sources of funding for DDR programmes, relevant policies guiding their use and the key actors that play an important role in funding DDR programmes; \\n the financial mechanisms and frameworks used for DDR fund and programmes man- agement.Specifically, the module outlines the policies and procedures for the mobilization, man- agement and allocation of funds for DDR programmes, from planning to implementation. It provides substantive information about the budgeting process used in a peacekeeping mission (including the RBB framework) and UN country team. It also discusses the funding mechanisms available to support the launch and implementation of DDR programmes and ensure coordination with other stakeholders involved in the funding of DDR programmes. Finally, it outlines suggestions about how the UN\u2019s financial resources for DDR can be managed as part of the broader framework for DDR, defining national and international responsibilities and roles, and mechanisms for collective decision-making.The module does not deal with the specific policies and procedures of World Bank funding of DDR programmes. It should be read together with the module on planning of integrated DDR (IDDRS 3.10 on Integrated DDR Planning: Processes and Structures), the module on programme design (IDDRS 3.20 on DDR Programme Design), which provides guidance on developing cost-efficient and effective DDR programmes, and the module on national institutions (IDDRS 3.30 on National Institutions for DDR), which specifies the role of national institutions in DDR.",
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},
{
"ID": 2,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "2. Terms, definitions and abbreviations",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 2,
"Paragraph": "Annex A contains a list of terms, definitions and abbreviations used in this standard. A complete glossary of all the terms, definitions and abbreviations used in the series of inte- grated DDR standards (IDDRS) is given in IDDRS 1.20.In the IDDRS series, the word \u2018shall\u2019, \u2018should\u2019 and \u2018may\u2019 are used to indicate the intended degree of compliance with the standards laid down. This use is consistent with the language used in the International Organization for Standardization standards and guidelines: \\n \u201ca) \u2018shall\u2019 is used to indicate requirements, methods or specifications that are to be applied in order to conform to the standard. \\n b) \u2018should\u2019 is used to indicate the preferred requirements, methods or specifications. \\n c) \u2018may\u2019 is used to indicate a possible method or course of action.\u201d",
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{
"ID": 3,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "3. Introduction",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 3,
"Paragraph": "The primary purpose of DDR is to build the conditions for sustainable reintegration and reconciliation at the community level. Therefore, both early, adequate and sustainable funding and effective and transparent financial management arrangements are vital to the success of DDR programmes. Funding and financial management must be combined with cost-efficient and effective DDR programme strategies that both increase immediate security and contribute to the longer-term reintegration of ex-combatants. Strategies containing poorly conceived eligibility criteria, a focus on individual combatants, up-front cash incentives, weapons buy-back schemes and hastily planned re- integration programmes must be avoided. They are both a financial drain and will not help to achieve the purpose of DDR.Programme managers should be aware that the reliance on multiple sources and mechanisms for funding DDR in a peacekeeping environment has several implications: \\n First, most programmes experience a gap of about a year from the time funds are pledged at a donors\u2019 conference to the time they are received. Payment may be further delayed if there is a lack of donor confidence in the peace process or in the implemen- tation of the peace agreement; \\n Second, the peacekeeping assessed budget is a predictable and reliable source of funding, but a lack of knowledge about what can or cannot be carried out with this source of funding, lack of clarity about the budgetary process and late submissions have all lim- ited the contributions of the peacekeeping assessed budget to the full DDR programme; \\n Third, the multiple funding sources have, on occasion, resulted in poorly planned and unsynchronized resource mobilization activities and unnecessary duplication of administrative structures. This has led to further confusion among DDR planners and implementers, diminished donor confidence in the DDR programme and, as a result, increased unwillingness to contribute the required funds.",
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},
{
"ID": 4,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 3,
"Paragraph": "The following principles should guide the resource mobilization and financial management of DDR programmes:",
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{
"ID": 5,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.1. Integrated DDR plan",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 3,
"Paragraph": "The funding strategy of the UN for a DDR programme should be based on an integrated DDR plan and strategy that show the division of labour and relationships among different national and local stakeholders, and UN departments, agencies, funds and programmes. The planning process to develop the integrated plan should include the relevant national stakeholders, UN partners, implementing local and international partners (wherever pos- sible), donors and other actors such as the World Bank. The integrated DDR plan shall also define programme and resource management arrangements, and the roles and responsi- bilities of key national and international stakeholders.",
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},
{
"ID": 6,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.2. Harmonization with other post-conflict planning mechanisms",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "Planning and budgeting for DDR shall also be harmonized with other assessment, planning and financing mechanisms that are established to manage and allocate financial resources for transition and recovery needs.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 7,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.3. Funding DDR as an indivisible process",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "DDR practitioners and donors shall recognize the indivisible character of DDR. Sufficient funds must be secured to finance the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration acti- vities for an individual participant and his/her receiving community before the UN should consider starting the disarmament process.",
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},
{
"ID": 8,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.4. Minimizing duplication",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "The UN must avoid duplicative, high-cost administrative structures for fund management in-country, as well as unnecessary duplication in programmes for ex-combatants and those associated with the armed forces and groups.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 9,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.5. Investing in reintegration",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "The UN system should ensure that adequate, timely funding is allocated for the reintegra- tion component of the programme. Additional investments into community level services to assist and support reintegration and reconciliation (such as community security initia- tives) should be planned and harmonized with the investments of the UN system and bilateral and multilateral actors working on reintegrating internally displaced persons and refugees.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 10,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.6. Flexibility and worst-case planning estimates",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "Wherever possible, cost estimates should be based on thorough assessments and surveys. In the absence of concrete information, the UN shall make the assumptions/estimates needed in order to carry out planning and budgeting for a DDR programme. The planning and budgetary process shall take into account realistic worst-case scenarios and build in sufficient financial flexibility to deal with potential identified political and security contin- gencies that may affect DDR.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 11,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "4. Guiding principles",
"Heading2": "4.7. Accountability",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 4,
"Paragraph": "The UN, together with relevant bilateral or multilateral partners, shall establish rigorous oversight mechanisms at the national and international levels to ensure a high degree of accuracy in monitoring and evaluation, transparency, and accountability. These tools ensure that the use of funds meets the programme objectives and conforms to both the financial rules and regulations of the UN (in the case of the assessed budget) and those of donors contributing funds to the DDR programme.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 12,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "5. DDR logistic requirements",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 5,
"Paragraph": "The matrix below identifies the main DDR activities from the negotiation of the peace proc- ess to the implementation of the programme, the main activities that may take place in each phase of the process, and possible resource requirements and sources of funding. This list provides a general example of the processes involved, and other issues may have to be included, depending on the requirements of a particular DDR mission",
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},
{
"ID": 13,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development",
"Heading2": "6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN",
"Heading3": "6.1.1. Elements of budgeting for DDR",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 6,
"Paragraph": "Budgeting for DDR activities, using the peacekeeping assessed budget, must be guided by two elements: \\n The Secretary-General\u2019s DDR definitions: In May 2005, the Secretary-General standardized the DDR definitions to be used by all peacekeeping missions in their budget submissions, in his note to the General Assembly (A/C.5/59/31); \\n General Assembly resolution A/RES/59/296: Following the note of the Secretary-General on DDR definitions, the General Assembly in resolution A/RES/59/296 recognized that a reinsertion period of one year is an integral part of the demobilization phase of the programme, and agreed to finance reinsertion activities for demobilized combatants for up to that period. (For the remaining text of resolution A/RES/59/296, please see Annex C.)DISARMAMENT \\n Disarmament is the collection, documentation, control and disposal of small arms, ammunition, explosives and light and heavy weapons of combatants and often also of the civilian population. It also includes the development of responsible arms management programmes. \\n\\n DEMOBILIZATION \\n Demobilization is the formal and controlled discharge of active combatants from armed forces or other armed groups. The first stage of demobilization may comprise the processing of individual combatants in temporary centres to the massing of troops in camps designated for this purpose (cantonment sites, encampments, assembly areas or barracks). The second stage of demobilization encompasses the support package provided to the demobilized, which is called reinsertion. \\n\\n REINSERTION \\n Reinsertion is the assistance offered to ex-combatants during demobilization but prior to the longer-term process of reintegration. Reinsertion is a form of transitional assistance to help cover the basic needs of ex-combatants and their families and can include transitional safety allowances, food, clothes, shelter, medical services, short-term education, training, employment and tools. While reintegration is a long-term, continuous social and economic process of development, reinsertion is a short-term material and/ or financial assistance to meet immediate needs, and can last up to a year. \\n\\n REINTEGRATION \\n Reintegration is the process by which ex-combatants acquire civilian status and gain sustainable employment and income. It is essentially a social and economic process with an open time-frame, primarily taking place in communities at the local level. It is part of the general development of a country and a national responsibility and often necessitates long-term external assistance.",
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},
{
"ID": 14,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "6. Budgeting for DDR during programme development",
"Heading2": "6.1. The peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN",
"Heading3": "6.1.2. Categories that may be funded by the peacekeeping assessed budget",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 8,
"Paragraph": "Guided by the Secretary-General\u2019s definitions and resolution A/RES/59/296 of the General Assembly, below is a list of the categories that may be funded by the peacekeeping assessed budget:",
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{
"ID": 15,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "7. The peacekeeping budgeting process",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 9,
"Paragraph": "This section outlines the typical process for developing the budget for a peacekeeping mission and describes the RBB methodology used in DPKO missions for the preparation and sub- mission of budgets to the General Assembly. (Note: With the exception of new missions, the budget cycle for all peacekeeping budgets is from 1 July to 30 June of the following year.)",
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},
{
"ID": 16,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "Section II: Resource mobilization",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "This section provides an overview of the main sources of funding used for DDR, as well as the types of activities they can finance. The section also illustrates how different funds and funding sources can be used within an overall phased plan for funding DDR.",
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{
"ID": 17,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "8. Sources of funding",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "In general, five funding sources are used to finance DDR activities. These are: \\n the peacekeeping assessed budget of the UN; \\n rapid response (emergency) funds; voluntary contributions from donors; \\n government grants, government loans and credits; \\n agency cost-sharing.An outline of the peacekeeping assessed budget process of the UN is given at the end of Section I. Next to the peacekeeping assessed budget, rapid response funds are another vital source of funding for DDR programming.",
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},
{
"ID": 18,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "9. Rapid response funds",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 10,
"Paragraph": "There are several sources of funds that can be accessed relatively quickly to fund urgent require- ments and emergencies: they can be used to fund specific activities needed to develop and launch DDR activities. The funds provide up-front capacities and resources in the immediate post-conflict period that cannot be covered by voluntary contributions, owing to delays in funds being disbursed and often lengthy procedures for authorization and disbursement. These funds often have flexible management arrangements, can be quickly disbursed, and can help the peacekeeping assessed budget to deal with strategic priorities immediately preceding, and during, the development and launch of DDR programmes. These sources of funding include the following:",
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{
"ID": 19,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "9. Rapid response funds",
"Heading2": "9.1. UNDP crisis prevention and recovery funds",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 11,
"Paragraph": "The UN Development Programme (UNDP), through both its core funds for emergency situations (known as TRAC 1.1.3) and its Crisis Prevention and Recovery Thematic Trust Fund (CPR/TTF), can provide limited seed funding for developing and launching DDR programmes in the immediate pre-mandate and mission deployment period, and for providing technical and capacity-development assistance to parties engaged in peace negotiations:",
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},
{
"ID": 20,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "9. Rapid response funds",
"Heading2": "9.2. European Commission Rapid Reaction Mechanism",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "The European Commission (EC) Rapid Reaction Mechanism (RRM) is designed to allow the European Union (EU) to respond urgently to the needs of countries threatened with or undergoing severe political instability or suffering from the effects of technological or natu- ral disasters.",
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},
{
"ID": 21,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "9. Rapid response funds",
"Heading2": "9.3. World Bank Post-Conflict Fund",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "The World Bank Post-Conflict Fund (PCF) supports planning, piloting and analysing of DDR activities by funding governments and partner organizations doing this work. The emphasis is on speed and flexibility without sacrificing quality.",
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{
"ID": 22,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "10. Voluntary (donor) contributions",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 12,
"Paragraph": "Voluntary contributions from UN Member States are the main source of financing for DDR programmes, and in particular reintegration activities. Contributions can originate from various sources, including foreign affairs ministries, overseas development assistance funds and defence ministries, among others. Key donors that usually provide financing for DDR, as well as security sector reform (SSR) and post-conflict recovery initiatives, include the following countries, together with their respective bilateral aid agencies and specialized mechanisms for funding post-conflict and transition priorities:",
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{
"ID": 23,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "10. Voluntary (donor) contributions",
"Heading2": "10.1. The World Bank\u2019s Multi-Country Demobilization and Reintegration Programme (MDRP)",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 13,
"Paragraph": "The World Bank manages a regional DDR programme for the Greater Lakes Region in Cen- tral Africa, which can work closely with the UN in supporting national DDR programmes in peacekeeping missions.",
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{
"ID": 24,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "10. Voluntary (donor) contributions",
"Heading2": "10.2. Government grants",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "Although most post-conflict governments lack institutional capacity to carry out DDR, many (such as Sierra Leone) contribute towards the cost of domestic DDR programmes, given their importance as a national priority. Although these funds are not generally used to finance UN-implemented activities and operations, they play a key role in establishing and making operational national DDR institutions and programmes, while helping to generate a mean- ingful sense of national ownership of the process.",
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},
{
"ID": 25,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "10. Voluntary (donor) contributions",
"Heading2": "10.3. Agency in-kind contributions",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "For some activities in a DDR programme, certain UN agencies might be in a position to provide in-kind contributions, particularly when these activities correspond to or consist of priorities and goals in their general programming and assistance strategy. Such in-kind contributions could include, for instance, the provision of food assistance to ex-combatants during their cantonment in the demobilization stage, medical health screening, or HIV/ AIDS counselling and sensitization. The availability and provision of these contributions for DDR programming should be discussed, identified and agreed upon during the programme design/planning phase, and the agencies in question should be active participants in the overall integrated approach to DDR. Traditional types of in-kind contributions include: \\n security and protection services (military) \u2014 mainly outside of DDR in peacekeeping missions; \\n construction of basic infrastructure; \\n logistics and transport; \\n food assistance to ex-combatants and dependants; \\n child-specific assistance; \\n shelter, clothes and other basic subsistence needs; \\n health assistance; \\n HIV/AIDS screening and testing; \\n public information services; \\n counselling; \\n employment creation in existing development projects.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 26,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "11. Overview of phased DDR funding requirements",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 14,
"Paragraph": "A key element of a resource mobilization strategy is to focus on different donors and fund- ing sources, depending on what range of activities they can fund at different phases in the DDR programme cycle.Some types of funding (particularly emergency response funding) are particularly useful in the initial planning and launch phase of DDR programmes, owing to their imme- diate availability, quick disbursal and flexibility, while other types of funding (voluntary contributions or loans) are more applicable for financing long-term reintegration assistance, owing to their slower disbursement, often of larger amounts, and their ability to finance multi-year arrangements.Annex E illustrates how different sources and kinds of funds could be utilized within an overall phased approach to implementing DDR programmes. This type of planning could form a vital component of a resource mobilization strategy and allow the establishment of clear goals.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 27,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "12. Standard funding mechanisms",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "The UN system uses a number of different funding mechanisms and frameworks to mobilize financial resources in crisis and post-conflict contexts, covering all stages of the relief-to- development continuum, and including the mission period. For the purposes of financing DDR, the following mechanisms and instruments should be considered:",
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},
{
"ID": 28,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "12. Standard funding mechanisms",
"Heading2": "12.1. Results-based budgeting for DDR in a peacekeeping environment",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 15,
"Paragraph": "The results-based budgeting (RBB) framework is the primary budgetary planning tool used by the UN Secretariat and peacekeeping missions, and is part of the Secretary-General\u2019s programme of reform and vision of a more results-oriented organization.A significant feature of RBB is the defining of expected results at the beginning of the planning and budget cycle, before implementation. Thus RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (i.e., indicators of achievements). RBB is not simply an administrative process, but a strategic planning tool, improving the clarity of programmes, bringing about a common understanding and better communication between Member States and programme managers about the desired results. Results-based management is intended to be a dynamic process, providing feedback throughout the full programme cycle: in planning, programming, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. Since its inception, RBB has continued to evolve in order to better fulfil its role as a strategic planning tool for the UN. (See Annex D.1 for an overview of the RBB framework develop- ment and Annex D. 2 for an example from Sudan.)RBB has four main components: \\n Objective: Serving as the basis for developing programme activities and identifying benchmarks for success; \\n Indicators of achievement: Measuring performance, justifying the resource requirements and linking them to outputs; \\n Outputs: Listing the activities that will be conducted in order to achieve the objective; \\n External factors: Identifying factors outside the control of the programme manager that may affect programme performance.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 29,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Integrated DDR programmes should develop, to the extent possible, a single structure for managing and coordinating: \\n the receipt of funds from various funding sources and mechanisms; \\n the allocation of funds to specific projects, activities and implementing partners; \\n adequate monitoring, oversight and reporting on the use of funds.In order to achieve these goals, the structure should ideally: \\n include a coordinated arrangement for the funding of DDR activities that would be administered by either the UN or jointly with another organization such as the World Bank, with an agreed structure for joint coordination, monitoring and evaluation; \\n establish a direct link with integrated DDR planning and programming frameworks; \\n include all key stakeholders on DDR, while ensuring the primacy of national ownership; \\n bring together within one framework all available sources of funding, as well as related methods (including trust funds and pass-through arrangements, for instance), in order to establish a well-coordinated and coherent system for ensuring flexible and sustain- able financing of DDR activities.",
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},
{
"ID": 30,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.1. National role and coordination",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "The establishment of a financial and management structure for funding DDR should clearly reflect the primacy of national ownership and responsibility, the extent of direct national implementation and fund management, and the nature of UN support. In this sense, a DDR funding structure should not be exclusively oriented towards UN management and imple- mentation, but rather be planned as an \u2018open\u2019 architecture to enable national and other international actors to meaningfully participate in the DDR process. As a part of the process of ensuring national participation, meaningful national ownership should be reflected in the leadership role that national stakeholders should play in the coordination mechanisms established within the overall financial and management structure.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 31,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.2. Institutional and management structures",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "The core elements of a DDR financial and management structure should ideally include the following: \\n a steering committee to provide overall strategic guidance and policy direction on DDR financing; ensure coherence with DDR strategy, priorities and programming framework; and ensure adequate coordination among key stakeholders (national actors, donors, UN agencies, the World Bank and other partners); \\n a coordination committee to coordinate the overall programme of activities to be financed through the funding structure, monitor coherence of programme activities and funding structure objectives, and ensure that the programmes are coordinated with broader frameworks and processes (e.g., recovery and SSR), as well as the overall national pro- gramme and other initiatives taking place at the same time; \\n a technical committee to provide general technical advice, carry out technical review of funding proposals and eligibility, and provide recommendations on the suitability of funding. The technical committee should include UN technical advisers, national rep- resentatives, donors and the chair of the steering committee; \\n a project approval committee to examine and approve eligible funding proposals sub- mitted to the DDR funding structure, provide strategic guidance on the use of funds, and ensure coherence and coordination between the funding structure and national priorities; \\n a secretariat to support the work of the committee through informational, administra- tive and secretarial responsibilities. The secretariat should also ensure adequate and consistent reporting on activities financed by the funding structure, as well as overall financial tracking. In certain cases, the secretariat could also be tasked with management of financial services such as procurement and contracting.",
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},
{
"ID": 32,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.3. Administration of funds",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "The organization responsible for the administration of funds is responsible for establishing and maintaining appropriate records and accounts to identify financial contributions to funds and arrangements established within the funding structure, as well as to identify the commitments to be financed out of the contributions, and the receipt and disbursement of these funds, in accordance with specified arrangements.If multiple mechanisms are established to manage receipt of funds (such as two separate trust funds covering different funding areas or funding sources), multiple administrative agents (AAs) will be required. To avoid confusion, the same standards and criteria for allo- cating, monitoring and reporting funds should be adopted.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 33,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.4. Linking parallel funding mechanisms",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Given the complexity and scope of DDR interventions, as well as the range of stakeholders involved, parallel initiatives, both UN and non-UN, are inevitable. Links shall be created between the national and UN DDR frameworks to ensure that these do not duplicate or otherwise affect overall coherence. The basic requirement of good coordination between integrated and parallel processes is an agreement on common strategic, planning and policy frameworks, which should be based on national policy priorities, if they exist. Structurally, stakeholders involved in parallel initiatives should participate on the steering and coordi- nation committees of the DDR funding structure, even though the actual administration and management of funds takes place outside this framework. This will avoid duplication of efforts and ensure a link to operational coordination, and enable the development of an aggregated/consolidated overall budget and work plan for DDR. Normal parallel funding mechanisms include the following: \\n Mission financing: Although the UN peacekeeping mission is a key component of the overall UN integrated structure for DDR, its main funding mechanism (assessed contri- butions) is managed directly by the mission itself in coordination with DPKO Head- quarters, and cannot be integrated fully into the DDR funding structure. For this reason, it should be considered a parallel funding mechanism, even though the DDR funding structure decides how funds are used and managed; \\n Parallel agency funds: Certain agencies might have programmes that could support DDR activities (e.g., food assistance for ex-combatants as part of a broader food assistance programme), or even DDR projects that fall outside the overall integrated programme framework; \\n Bilateral assistance funds: Some donors, particularly those whose bilateral aid agencies are active on post-conflict and/or DDR issues (such as USAID, DFID, CIDA, etc.) might choose to finance programmes that are parallel to integrated efforts, and which are directly implemented by national or sub-national partners. In this context, it is important to ensure that these donors are active participants in DDR and the funding structures involved, and to ensure adequate operational coordination (particularly to ensure that the intended geographic areas and beneficiaries are covered by the programme).",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 34,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Mechanisms for receiving and managing funds include the following:In the area of DDR, both the UN (through UNDP) and the World Bank have established and managed trust funds. Experience has shown that the use of trust funds for DDR offers several advantages, including: \\n the ability to rapidly mobilize and disburse voluntary funding (especially where up- front financing is available); \\n decentralized decision-making and management systems (where trust funds are country- specific); \\n the capacity to ensure broad national oversight and ownership, through national leader- ship of the trust fund governance structure; \\n the capacity to ensure sustainability and continuity (by not being linked to the opera- tional presence of any one organization); \\n unified donor coordination and funding structures so that gaps and duplication in funding, and inconsistency in policy advice, are avoided; \\n implementation and funding methods that create transparency and accountability and bring about efficient and prompt delivery.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 35,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods",
"Heading3": "13.5.1. Pooled funding",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Under this option, participating UN organizations pool funds together within one UN organization, chosen jointly by the coordination committee of the DDR financial management structure, which will assume the responsibility of administering the funds. This organization, known as the administrative agent (AA), will support the partners authorized to manage and implement the joint programme of activities identified for these funds. Programme and financial accountability for the UN support to the joint programme will rest with the AA. This fund management option is likely to be the most effective and efficient when participating UN organizations work for the same results with a common national or sub- national partner (e.g., department, provincial office, NGO) and/or in the same geographical area (see Annex D.1).",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 36,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods",
"Heading3": "13.5.2. Pass-through funding",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "If the integrated DDR programme is made operational through an association between activi- ties and projects to be implemented and/or managed by identified UN agencies or other partners, funding can be still be channelled through a central mechanism. If the donor(s) and participating UN organizations agree to channel the funds through one participating UN organization, then the pass-through method is used. In such a case, the AA would be jointly selected by the DDR coordination committee. Programmatic and financial account- ability should then rest with the participating organizations and (sub-)national partners that are managing their respective components of the joint programme. This approach has the advantage of allowing funding of DDR on the basis of an agreed-upon division of labour within the UN system (see Annex D.2).",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 37,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods",
"Heading3": "13.5.3. Cost-sharing",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Cost-sharing is a procedure for receiving and managing funds for objectives, activities and results within a specific project or programme managed by a single UN agency. Given the relatively higher transaction costs involved in these arrangements, cost-sharing should be used exclusively for: specialized projects not foreseen in the initial programme document; smaller projects for implementation before the main funding mechanisms are established; funding with special arrangements; and projects that serve as a bridge to other processes and programmes and, therefore, require different management arrangements. Although funding is tied to specific projects and UN agencies in this method, its use should nonetheless be governed by the DDR coordination committee and the applicable criteria, procedures and reporting requirements.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 38,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.5. Fund management mechanisms and methods",
"Heading3": "13.5.4.Trust funds",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).A trust fund is a mechanism used to receive and manage donor funds to achieve a broad aim as opposed to carrying out a specific project. As such, it is established as a separate accounting entity with a designated trust fund manager (an AA, in this case), as well as a governance structure that decides on the allocation of received funding, and is responsible for monitoring and evaluating how funds have been used. When located within an overall funding structure, these structures would be linked or merged with the coordination com- mittee and its respective subsidiary organs. In general, funds channeled through a trust fund are not initially allocated to a particular project and can therefore later be allocated to spe- cific projects or activities working to achieve the broad aim of the programme, based on the discretion of the DDR funding structure and the programme of work the trust fund is supposed to support, which can be a part of the overall DDR programme (e.g., covering reintegration activities specifically).",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 39,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.6. Fund allocation criteria",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "Funds will be allocated on the basis of a set of criteria dealing with programme objectives, activities and results, among others, which will be used by the technical and project appraisal committees when they consider individual requests for funding by UN agencies and other implementing partners. Criteria can vary depending on the funding mechanism (e.g., a reintegration trust fund will consider only those proposals directly centred on reintegration). Generic categories of criteria can include: \\n links to the general thematic sector and/or programme objective(s); \\n the capacity and demonstrated results of the proposing organization; \\n the strength of the technical proposal; \\n cost-efficiency; \\n the involvement of national and local stakeholders; \\n the results that can be achieved.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 40,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "13. Financial management",
"Heading2": "13.7. Coordination of planning, monitoring and reporting",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 16,
"Paragraph": "In order to ensure that the DDR funding structure reflects the overall strategic direction and substantive content of the integrated DDR programme, all funding decisions and criteria should be based, as far as possible, on the planning, results, and monitoring and evaluation frameworks of the DDR programme and action plan. For this reason, DDR planning and programme officers should participate at all levels of the fund management structure, and the same information management systems should be used. Changes to programme strat- egy should be immediately reflected in the way in which the funding structure is organized and approved by the key stakeholders involved. With respect to financial monitoring and reporting, the members of the funding facility secretariat should maintain close links with the monitoring and evaluation staff of the integrated DDR section, and use the same metho- dologies, frameworks and mechanisms as much as possible.",
"May": 0,
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},
{
"ID": 41,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "Annex A: Terms, definitions and abbreviations",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 21,
"Paragraph": "Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ): The advisory body that reviews the budgets of peacekeeping missions and makes recommendations to the Fifth (Administrative and Budgetary) Committee of the General Assembly \\n Peacekeeping assessed budget: The assessed financial contribution of Member States to the operating of the UN peacekeeping missions, based on a scale established by the General Assembly. \\n Results-based budgeting (RBB): A strategic planning framework that focuses on concrete objectives, expected accomplishments and indicators of achievement for the allocation of resources. As such, the RBB aims to shift focus from output accounting (i.e., activities) to results-based accountability (indicators of achievements). \\n Voluntary contributions: This is a form of financial support that Member States pledge (often in a donors\u2019 conference) and commit on a case-by-case basis to support programme implementation. Contributions can be made to UN or non-UN trust funds. At times, donors implement their contributions through their own bilateral aid agency or directly through NGOs.",
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},
{
"ID": 42,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "Annex C: Excerpt from General Assembly resolution A/RES/59/296",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 30,
"Paragraph": "Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General (definitions); \\n Notes that reinsertion activities are part of the disarmament and demobilization process, as outlined in the note by the Secretary-General; \\n Emphasizes that disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes are a critical part of peace processes and integrated peacekeeping operations, as mandated by the Security Council, and supports strengthening the coordination of those programmes in an integrated approach; \\n Stresses the importance of a clear description of respective roles of peacekeeping missions and all other relevant actors; \\n Also stresses the need for strengthened cooperation and coordination between the various actors within and outside the United Nations system to ensure effective use of resources and coherence on the ground in implementing disarmament, demobilization and reintegra- tion programmes; \\n Requests the Secretary-General, when submitting future budget proposals containing man- dated resource requirements for disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion, to provide clear information on these components and associated post and non-post costs; \\n Notes that the components used by the Secretary-General for budgeting for disarmament, demobilization and reinsertion activities are set out in the note by the Secretary-General, recognizing ongoing discussions on these concepts; \\n Notes also the intention of the Secretary-General to submit integrated disarmament, demo- bilization and reintegration standards to the General Assembly at its sixtieth session;",
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},
{
"ID": 43,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "Annex D.1: Developing an RBB framework",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 31,
"Paragraph": "DDR objective statement. The DDR objective statement draws its legal foundation from Security Council mission mandates. It is important to note that the DDR objective will not be fully achieved in the lifetime of the peacekeeping mission, although certain specific activities such as the (limited) physical disarmament of combatants may be completed. Other important aspects of DDR such as reintegration, establishment of the legal framework, and the technical and logistic capacity to destroy or make safe small arms and light weapons all extend beyond the duration of a peacekeeping mission. In this regard, the objective statement must reflect the contribution of the peacekeeping mission to the \u2018progress towards\u2019 the DDR objective. \\n SAMPLE DDR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT \\n \u2018Progress towards the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed forces and groups, including meeting the specific needs of women and children associated with such groups, as well as weapons control and destruction\u2019Indicators of achievement. The targeted achievement should include the following dimensions: (1) include no more than five clear and measurable indicators; (2) in the first year of a DDR programme, the most important indicators of achievement should relate to the political will of the government to develop and implement the DDR programme; and (3) include baseline information from which increases/decreases are measured.SAMPLE SET OF DDR INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT \\n \u2018Transitional Government of National Unity adopts legislation establishing national and subnational DDR institutions, and related weapons control law\u2019 \\n \u2018Establishment of national and sub-national DDR authorities\u2019 \\n \u2018Development of a national DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u201834,000 members of armed forces and groups participate in disarmament, demobilization and community-based reintegration programmes, including 14,000 children released to return to their families\u2019 \\n \u2018Destroyed 4,000 of an estimated 20,000 weapons established in a small arms baseline survey conducted in January 2005\u2019Outputs. When developing the DDR outputs for an RBB framework, programme managers should bear in mind the following considerations: (1) specific references to the time-frame for implementation should be included; (2) DDR technical assistance or advice needs should be further defined to specify what that means in practice and, if possible, quantified (e.g., workshops, training programmes, legislative models, draft work plans); (3) the beneficiaries or recipients of the mission\u2019s efforts should be included in the output description; and (4) the verb should precede the output definition (e.g., Destroyed 9,000 weapons; Chaired 10 community sensitization meetings).SAMPLE SET OF DDR OUTPUTS \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to the National DDR Coordination Council (NDDRCC), regional DDR commissions and their field structures, in collaboration with international financial institutions, international development organizations, non-governmental organizations and donors, in the development and implementation of a national DDR programme for all armed forces and groups\u2019 \\n \u2018Provided technical support (advice and programme development support) to assist the government in strengthening its capacity (legal, institutional, technical and physical) in the areas of weapons collection, control, management and destruction\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted 10 training courses on DDR and weapons control for the military and civilian authorities in the first 6 months of the mission mandate\u2019 \\n \u2018Supported the DDR institutions to collect, store, control and destroy (where applicable and necessary) weapons, as part of the DDR programme\u2019 \\n \u2018Conducted with the DDR institutions and in partnership with international research institutions, small arms survey, economic and market surveys, verification of the size of the DDR caseload and eligibility criteria to
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},
{
"ID": 44,
"Color": "#00A554",
"Level": 3,
"LevelName": "Structures and Processes",
"Title": "Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"Heading1": "Endnotes",
"Heading2": "",
"Heading3": "",
"Heading4": "",
"Module": "3.41 Mission and Programme Support for DDR",
"PageNum": 36,
"Paragraph": "1 For more information, see http://www.undp.org/bcpr/. \\n 2 For more information, see http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/cpcm/rrm/index.html. \\n 3 For more information, see http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ESSD/sdvext.nsf/67ByDocName/The PostConflictFund. \\n 4 A/C.5/59/31.",
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}
]
Reference in New Issue Copy Permalink