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[{"ID":0,"Color":"#D10007","Level":5,"LevelName":"Cross-cutting Issues","Title":"HIV\/AIDS and DDR","Heading1":"Summary","Heading2":"","Heading3":"","Heading4":"","Module":"5.60 HIV-AIDS and DDRAIDS and DDR","PageNum":1,"Paragraph":"The United Nations (UN) Security Council and General Assembly have noted that a number of converging factors make conflict and post-conflict settings high risk environments for the spread of HIV, and that there is an elevated risk of infection among uniformed services and ex-combatants. This module outlines the strategies to address HIV\/AIDS during disarm- ament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) processes, in the interests of the individuals concerned, the sustainability of reintegration efforts and general post-conflict recovery.National beneficiaries should provide the lead for HIV\/AIDS initiatives, and interven- tions should be as inclusive as possible, while acknowledging the limitations of DDR HIV\/ AIDS programmes. A risk-mapping exercise should include the collection of baseline data on knowledge, attitudes and vulnerability, HIV\/AIDS prevalence, and identify existing capacity.The basic requirements for HIV\/AIDS programmes in DDR are: \\n identification and training of HIV focal points within DDR field offices; \\n the development of HIV\/AIDS awareness material and provision of basic awareness training for target groups, with peer education programmes during the reinsertion and reintegration phases to build capacity. Awareness training can start before demobiliza- tion, depending on the nature of soldiers\u2019\/ex-combatants\u2019 deployment and organizational structure; \\n the provision of voluntary confidential counselling and testing (VCT) during demobi- lization and reintegration. An HIV test, with counselling, should be routinely offered (opt-in) as a standard part of medical screening in countries with an HIV prevalence of 5 percent or more. VCT should be provided in all settings throughout the DDR process, building on local services. Undergoing an HIV test, however, should not be a condition for participation in the DDR process, although planners should be aware of any national legislation that may exclude HIV-positive personnel from newly formed military or civil defence forces; \\n screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which should be a standard part of health checks for participants; \\n the provision of condoms and availability of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) kits dur- ing demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration; \\n treatment for opportunistic infections and, where feasible, referral for anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment within the national health care system; \\n the implementation of HIV\/AIDS public information and awareness campaigns to sensitize \u2018receiving\u2019 communities, to raise general awareness and to reduce possible stigma and discrimination against returning combatants, including women associated with armed forces and groups, which could undermine reintegration efforts. Planning in communities needs to start in advance of demobilization.In instances where the time allotted for a specific phase is very limited or has been re- duced, as when there is a shortened cantonment period, it must be understood that the HIV\/ AIDS requirements envisaged are not dropped, but will be included in the next DDR phase."},{"ID":1,"Color":"#D10007","Level":5,"LevelName":"Cross-cutting Issues","Title":"HIV\/AIDS and DDR","Heading1":"1. Module scope and objectives","Heading2":"","Heading3":"","Heading4":"","Module":"5.60 HIV-AIDS and DDRAIDS and DDR","PageNum":2,"Paragraph":"This module aims to provide policy makers, operational planners and DDR officers with guidance on how to plan and implement HIV\/AIDS programmes as part of a DDR frame- work. It focuses on interventions during the demobilization and reintegration phases. A basic assumption is that broader HIV\/AIDS programmes at the community level fall outside the planning requirements of DDR officers. Community programmes require a multisectoral approach and should be s
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